Specific Loss Research Articles

Genetic landscape and evolution of Acinetobacter pittii, an underestimated emerging nosocomial pathogen

As a member of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex, Acinetobacter pittii has been an emerging concern in nosocomial infection due to its increasing prevalence and multidrug resistance (MDR). However, its population structure remains broadly unknown, hampering efficient tracing of its transmission and evolution. In this study, we developed a distributed core genome multilocus sequence typing (dcgMLST) for A. pittii based on 750 genomes and employed it to map the genetic landscape and evolution of A. pittii. The results demonstrated that two hierarchical clustering (HC) levels effectively correspond to genetic diversity from species (HC1100) to natural populations (HC450), as well as that a predominant lineage, HC1100_4, accounts for 33.9% of A. pittii strains. Subsequent analysis revealed that specific gene gain and loss events within HC1100_4 are linked to adaptations to environmental stress. Moreover, we identified a cluster of multidrug-resistant plasmids PT_712 responsible for the dissemination of blaNDM-1 genes within the genus of Acinetobacter. This study provides a framework for characterizing genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics, molecular population distribution, and tracing of A. pittii, which has the potential to improve infection control strategies and public health policy.

ORCNet: A Context-Based Network to Simultaneously Segment the Ocular Region Components

Accurate extraction of the Region of Interest is critical for successful ocular region-based biometrics. In this direction, we propose a new context-based segmentation approach, entitled Ocular Region Context Network (ORCNet), introducing a specific loss function, i.e., the Punish Context Loss (PC-Loss). The PC-Loss punishes the segmentation losses of a network by using a percentage difference value between the ground truth and the segmented masks. We obtain the percentage difference by taking into account Biederman’s semantic relationship concepts, in which we use three contexts (semantic, spatial, and scale) to evaluate the relationships of the objects in an image. Our proposal achieved promising results in the evaluated scenarios—iris, sclera, and ALL (iris + sclera) segmentations—, outperforming the literature baseline techniques. The ORCNet with ResNet-152 outperforms the best baseline (EncNet with ResNet-152) on average by 2.27%, 28.26% and 6.43% in terms of F-Score, Error Rate and Intersection Over Union, respectively. We also provide (for research purposes) 3191 manually labeled masks for the MICHE-I database, as another contribution of our work.

Measurement of magnetic properties in boiler steel at high temperatures using a U-shaped yoke

This paper presents a specially developed system for measuring the magnetic properties of boiler steel based on a U-shaped yoke. The novelty of this system lies in the unique combination of two main features: (1) a compensation method for accurately measuring iron loss and (2) the implementation of ultra-high-temperature measurement conditions. Firstly, a small measurement coil is used to measure the leakage magnetic flux. By subtracting the leakage magnetic flux from the measurement result, precise local magnetic flux compensation is accomplished. And an iron-loss algorithm is then employed to eliminate the influence of the U-shaped yoke. Secondly, a magnetic property measurement method capable of operating at temperatures up to 630 °C is proposed. The specific total loss (Ps) is 34.398 W/kg, and the amplitude permeability (Ua) reaches 102.04. The influence of the gap between the sample and the U-shaped yoke is preliminarily validated by a simulation model. This measurement system represents the first successful attempt to provide stable and physically accurate results, addressing the requirements for the in-situ detection of material degradation of boiler steel in special equipment.

Alternate Grainy head isoforms regulate Drosophila midgut intestinal stem cell differentiation

Regeneration of the Drosophila midgut epithelium depends upon differential expression of transcription factors in intestinal stem cells and their progeny. The grainy head locus produces multiple splice forms that result in production of two classes of transcription factor, designated Grh.O and Grh.N. grainy head expression is associated with epithelial tissue and has roles in epidermal development and regeneration but had not been examined for a function in the midgut epithelium. Here we show that null mutant clones had a limited effect on intestinal stem cell (ISC) maintenance and proliferation but surprisingly specific loss of all Grh.O isoforms results in loss of ISCs from the epithelium. This was confirmed by generation of a new Grh.O class mutant to control for genetic background effects. Grh.O mutant ISCs were not lost due to cell death but were forced to differentiate. Ectopic expression of a Grh.N isoform also resulted in ISC differentiation similar to loss of Grh.O function. Grh.O expression must be tightly regulated as high level ectopic expression of a member of this isoform class in enteroblasts, but not ISCs, resulted in cells with confused identity and promoted excess proliferation in the epithelium. Thus, midgut regeneration is not only dependent upon signalling pathways that regulate transcription factor expression, but also upon regulated mRNA splicing of these genes.

Abstract 1321: Glycosylation dependent metastatic seeding of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer

Abstract Chemotherapy has been standard of care for triple negative breast cancer for decades; however, how chemotherapy evasion enables metastasis remains elusive and is one of the biggest challenges impacting patient survival in cancer clinics. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are pivotal component of longitudinal liquid biopsies. Most of the CTCs are detected as a single cell, whereas small proportion of CTCs are found in multicellular clusters which possess 20-100 times higher metastatic potential than single CTCs and corelates with unfavorable survival in breast cancer patients. Here we observed that chemotherapy evasion is linked to the aggregation of CTCs in breast cancer. Chemo-evasive linked aggregated CTCs show specific loss of ST6GAL1-catalyzed alpha2,6-sialylation. Deficiency of ST6GAL1 promotes CTC cluster formation for metastatic seeding and enables cellular quiescence to evade paclitaxel treatment in metastatic breast cancer. Glycoproteomic analysis identified protein substrates of ST6GAL1, such as adhesion and stemness markers PODXL, ICAM1, ECE1, ALCAM1, CD97, and CD44, contributing to CTC clustering (aggregation) and metastatic seeding. As proof-of-concept, neutralizing antibody against one of the most significant contributors, PODXL, inhibits CTC cluster formation and lung metastasis exacerbated by paclitaxel treatment for breast cancer. This study sheds light in the evaluation of chemotherapy response and developed potential therapy approach against chemotherapy resistance. Citation Format: Nurmaa Khund Dashzeveg. Glycosylation dependent metastatic seeding of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 1321.

Analysis of Tirzepatide Acquisition Costs and Weight Reduction Outcomes in the United Kingdom: Insights from the SURMOUNT-1 Study.

Tirzepatide, an anti-obesity medication, demonstrated significant weight loss efficacy in the SURMOUNT-1 randomized controlled trial. This analysis evaluates the cost-efficiency of tirzepatide in the UK by linking clinical outcomes to drug acquisition costs. Data from SURMOUNT-1 (2539 participants across global sites) were used to assess tirzepatide's (5, 10, and 15mg) impact on weight reduction over 72weeks (72W), with a focus on drug acquisition costs and cost/weight loss outcome. Cost needed to treat and cost-to-target analyses were performed to determine the economic value of achieving specific weight loss goals and improvements in body mass index (BMI). Tirzepatide demonstrated significant weight loss, with greater reductions at higher doses. Cost/kilogram of weight loss at 72W was £102.86, £85.41, and £89.24 for 5, 10, and 15mg, respectively. Average per-patient costs at 72W for 5% weight loss were £1852, £1971, and £2186 (5, 10, and 15mg, respectively; average 28-day costs: £102.90, £109.52, and £121.47). Average per-patient costs for 10% weight loss were £2258, £2209, and £2338 (28-day costs: £125.43, £122.69, and £129.88). The 15mg dose was the most cost-efficient for achieving higher weight loss targets (15% and 20%). In the SURMOUNT-1 study, tirzepatide was cost-efficient in the UK for weight management, demonstrating favourable economic outcomes relative to its efficacy in reducing body weight and improving BMI. It provided additional health benefits, including reduced risks for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events and improved mental health. Tirzepatide contributed to cost savings and improved efficiency within the healthcare system by decreasing the burden of obesity-related conditions, thus enhancing overall healthcare resource allocation. These findings support its inclusion in clinical practice guidelines and healthcare formularies. Further research is needed to explore real-world adherence, patient-centred outcomes, and the long-term sustainability of weight loss with tirzepatide.

Simultaneous Quantitative Detection of Cysteine and Homocysteine Labeled by 1-Pyrenecarboxaldehyde Using MALDI-TOF MS.

Cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) are two important reducing agents in living organisms and play crucial roles in many physiological processes. The quantitative analysis of Cys and Hcy holds significance in exploring the functions of biothiols in biological. In this work, 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde (1-py) with high derivatization efficiency and ionization efficiency was used for quantitative analysis of Cys and Hcy by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). After 1-py derivatization, the detection limit of Cys and Hcy can reach as low as 250 amol/L. Without internal standards, the simultaneous quantitative detection of Cys and Hcy was achieved by analyzing the proportion of peak intensities of derivative products to total compounds. The linear quantitative ranges for Cys and Hcy were over the concentrations from 5 to 2500 μM. Moreover, the specific hydrogen loss of the derivatized products was observed in MALDI-TOF detection, and the potential fragment pathway and nitrogen protonation mechanism were demonstrated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, this method was successfully applied to the quantification of Cys and Hcy in HepG2 cell lysate, offering a rapid and highly sensitive approach for the quantitative analysis of Cys and Hcy using MALDI-TOF MS.

STD-PLM: Understanding Both Spatial and Temporal Properties of Spatial-Temporal Data with PLM

Spatial-temporal forecasting and imputation are important for real-world intelligent systems. Most existing methods are tailored for individual forecasting or imputation tasks but are not designed for both. Additionally, they are less effective for zero-shot and few-shot learning. While pre-trained language model (PLM) have exhibited strong pattern recognition and reasoning abilities across various tasks, including few-shot and zero-shot learning, their applications in spatial-temporal data understanding has been constrained by insufficient modeling of complex correlations such as the temporal correlations, spatial connectivity, non-pairwise and high-order spatial-temporal correlations within data. In this paper, we propose STD-PLM for understanding both spatial and temporal properties of Spatial-Temporal Data with PLM, which is capable of implementing both spatial-temporal forecasting and imputation tasks. STD-PLM understands spatial-temporal correlations via explicitly designed spatial and temporal tokenizers. Topology-aware node embeddings are designed for PLM to comprehend and exploit the topology structure of data in inductive manner. Furthermore, to mitigate the efficiency issues introduced by the PLM, we design a sandglass attention module(SGA) combined with a specific constrained loss function, which significantly improves the model's efficiency while ensuring performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that STD-PLM exhibits competitive performance and generalization capabilities across the forecasting and imputation tasks on various datasets. Moreover, STD-PLM achieves promising results on both few-shot and zero-shot tasks.

EWMoE: An Effective Model for Global Weather Forecasting with Mixture-of-Experts

Weather forecasting is a crucial task for meteorologic research, with direct social and economic impacts. Recently, data-driven weather forecasting models based on deep learning have shown great potential, achieving superior performance compared with traditional numerical weather prediction methods. However, these models often require massive training data and computational resources. In this paper, we propose EWMoE, an effective model for accurate global weather forecasting, which requires significantly less training data and computational resources. Our model incorporates three key components to enhance prediction accuracy: 3D absolute position embedding, a core Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layer, and two specific loss functions. We conduct our evaluation on the ERA5 dataset using only two years of training data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that EWMoE outperforms current models such as FourCastNet and ClimaX at all forecast time, achieving competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art models Pangu-Weather and GraphCast in evaluation metrics such as Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Additionally, ablation studies indicate that applying the MoE architecture to weather forecasting offers significant advantages in improving accuracy and resource efficiency.

Assessing the impact of magnetic nanoparticle assemblies on magnetic hyperthermia performance: A predictive study.

Magnetic hyperthermia-based therapies depend on heating performances of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). Beyond specific MNP properties, dipole-dipole interactions resulting from the formation of MNP assemblies have a pivotal influence on heating performance. There is, however, limited understanding of the range of attributable negative and positive effects. Numerical simulations were used to unravel the effect of various spherical, elongated assemblies as well as MNP chains on heating performance. An advancing front assembly generating method was combined with a stochastic Langevin simulation. Experimental values of a hyperthermia application to destroy hollow organ tumours with heatable stent fibres were used to validate simulation results. Limited impact of assembly size on the heating performance was observed, whereas assembly geometry was crucial. Spherical assemblies lead to a decrease in specific loss power while elongated assemblies and chains yielded up to eightfold increase compared to randomly dispersed MNP. The heating performance of elongated assemblies and chains was dependent on their major-minor axes ratios, excitation field amplitude and assembly orientation relative to the field direction. The simulations unravelled that chains dominated the heating of stent fibres. The simulation is a valuable and versatile tool for the optimization of heating output of all sorts of MNP, which undergo structural changes in interaction with artificial and biological surroundings. This capability is demonstrated for fibre-based implants with incorporated MNP. Comparison between simulation and experiments demonstrates the susceptibility to the design of MNP assemblies. Precise information about assembly geometry is crucial to improve the prediction accuracy.

Achilles Subtendons Stiffness Differ in People with and without Achilles Tendinopathy.

Previous work showed altered mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon in the presence of tendinopathy, considering the Achilles tendon as a homogeneous structure with the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) subtendon representative of it. However, the Achilles tendon consists of three semi-independent structures: the GM, gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and soleus (SOL) subtendons, each independently pulled by their respective muscle. The aim of this study was (i) to compare the mechanical properties of the different Achilles subtendons in humans in vivo by considering the force of each muscle within the triceps surae group and (ii) to determine whether the loss of stiffness in the presence of tendinopathy is specific to individual subtendons. We hypothesized that (i) stiffness would differ between subtendons in healthy participants and that (ii) the loss of stiffness in people with Achilles tendinopathy compared to healthy controls would not affect the three subtendons identically. Fourteen participants with tendinopathy and 14 controls performed ramped isometric plantarflexions. Simultaneously, the elongation of the three subtendons was recorded, and an estimate of the force pulling on each was made (from muscle activation and volume). Stiffness was calculated from the individual muscle index of force-subtendon elongation relationships. Results showed that regardless of the group, SOL stiffness was significantly higher than stiffness of both gastrocnemii (muscle effect: p < 0.001). A muscle x group interaction showed specific loss of stiffness of GL in Achilles tendinopathy compared to controls (p = 0.029, d = 1.3), with no between-group difference for GM or SOL (both p > 0.925, d = 0.3). This study supports the hypothesis that the biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon differ between subtendons and further shows that the loss of stiffness in Achilles tendinopathy is specific to the GL subtendon.

Deciphering the capacity degradation mechanism in lithium manganese oxide batteries

Abstract Spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, LMO) emerges as a promising cathode material for future stationary energy storage applications due to its high voltage, safety features, electrochemical performance, and cost-effectiveness in terms of resources. However, LMO is confronted with the challenge of rapid deterioration stemming from Jahn-Teller effect, Mn dissolution, and side reactions. The mechanism remains unclear and even contradictory across various studies, impeding the advancement of high-performance LMO and its widespread utilization. In this study, 14 Ah commercial-level LMO batteries were manufactured and assessed. The mechanism of capacity attenuation in cycle aging cells at room temperature (RT) 25 °C and high-temperature (HT) (45 °C) storage cells was systematically investigated through the application of electrochemical quantitative methods. The results indicate a specific capacity loss of approximately 6.26% and 2.55% for the cathodes in cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells, respectively, in comparison to fresh cells. These values are lower than the 12.54% and 6.99% capacity loss observed in cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells. While cycle-aged and HT storage do not lead to irreversible capacity loss on the anode side. The results suggest that the primary causes of irreversible capacity degradation are not located on the cathode or anode. Nevertheless, significant polarization arises from the continuous growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), believed to be catalyzed by Mn deposited on the anode, which is considered harmful. This study elucidates that inhibiting the dissolution of Mn from the cathode, facilitating its transport in the electrolyte, promoting its deposition on the anode, and catalyzing the decomposition of the electrolyte are crucial factors for enhancing the performance of LMO batteries.

Mild Dehydration by 24-h Fluid Restriction Led to Difficulty Falling Sleeping and Increased Sleep Duration

Sleep influences health and is affected by dehydration. Therefore, our aim was to assess the effects of mild dehydration and subsequent rehydration on sleep time and sleep quality using subjective measures. On 4 consecutive mornings, 18 males (mean ± SD; age, 23 ± 4 years; height, 175.8 ± 5.7 cm; weight, 80.1 ± 9.7 kg) reported to the laboratory with different hydration states (day 1 baseline; day 2 euhydrated; day 3 dehydrated; day 4 following 24-h ad libitum drinking, AD). First-morning urine specific gravity, urine color, urine osmolality, and body mass loss were used to assess hydration status. Sleep was reported using the Karolinska sleep diary, which measures sleep duration, sleep quality, perceived ease of falling asleep, sleep calmness, number of dreams, and perceived ease of falling asleep measured by a 5-point Likert scale. The visual analog scale measured fatigue before sleeping with each hydration state. Repeated measure analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons was used determining effects of hydration status on sleep. Sleep duration was significantly greater when dehydrated (7.5 ± 1.3 h) compared to baseline (6.4 ± 1.4 h, p = 0.001), euhydrated (6.7 ± 1.4 h, p = 0.006), and AD (6.9 ± 1.0 h, p = 0.024). More difficulty sleeping was also reported when dehydration (3 ± 1) than AD (4 ± 1, p = 0.001). Other measures were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Fatigue was significantly greater during dehydration before sleeping (21.93 ± 13.07) compared to euhydration before sleeping (30.23 ± 14.03, p = 0.049). Our results indicate mild dehydration increased sleep duration because of increased fatigue and decreased perceived ease of falling asleep. This suggests that maintaining euhydration may assist with perceived ease of falling asleep and feelings of fatigue.

“The wife is the mother of the husband”: Marriage, Crisis, and (Re)Generation in Botswana’s Pandemic Times

Abstract Forty years into Botswana’s AIDS epidemic, amidst persistently low rates of marriage across southern Africa, an unexpected uptick in weddings appears to be afoot. Young people orphaned in the worst years of the epidemic are crafting creative paths to marriage where—and perhaps because—their parents could not. Taking the lead of a pastor’s assertion that the wife is mother of her husband, I suggest these conjugal creativities turn on an understanding of marriage as an intergenerational relationship. Casting marriage in intergenerational terms is an act of ethical (re)imagination that creates experimental possibilities for reworking personhood, pasts, and futures in ways that respond closely to the specific crises and loss the AIDS epidemic brought to Botswana. This experimentation is highly unpredictable and may reproduce the crisis and loss to which it responds; the multivalences of marriage-as-motherhood can be sources of failure and violence, as well as innovation and life. But it also recuperates and reorients intergenerational relationships, retrospectively and prospectively, regenerating persons and relations, in time. While different crises might invite different sorts of ethical re-imagination, marriage gives us a novel perspective on how people live with, and through, times of crisis. And marriage emerges as a crucial if often overlooked practice by which social change is not only managed but sought and produced.

Optimized Zn substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles for high efficiency magnetic hyperthermia in biomedical applications

This study presents a systematic study on the structural, magnetic, and hyperthermia properties of Zn-substituted cobalt ferrite (ZnxCo1−xFe2O4, x = 0.0–0.7) nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed a pure spinel structure, with Rietveld refinement revealing cation redistribution and lattice distortions. Magnetic measurements showed a transition from ferrimagnetic (x ≤ 0.2) to superparamagnetic behavior (x ≥ 0.5), accompanied by a peak in saturation magnetization at x = 0.2 and a continuous decrease in coercivity. These changes were attributed to Zn-induced modulation of cation distribution and superexchange interactions. Magnetic hyperthermia studies demonstrated that Zn0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 exhibited the highest specific loss power (SLP) and intrinsic loss power (ILP) under alternating magnetic fields (65–125 Oe) and frequencies (250–350 kHz). The observed quadratic dependence of SLP on field amplitude confirmed adherence to linear response theory, with experimental conditions remaining within clinical safety limits. These findings highlight Zn0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 as an efficient candidate for magnetic hyperthermia applications, demonstrating tunable structural and magnetic properties for biomedical use.

Enhanced Digital Acoustic Perception in Hearing Aid Device Using Reconfigurable Filter Bank Structure: A Systematic Review with Recommendation

Background and Aim: Untreated hearing loss can severely impact quality of life, mental and physical health, and cognitive performance. Digital hearing aids can mitigate these effects, with the filter bank being a crucial component. It divides signals into frequency bands, compresses, amplifies, and processes speech based on the user’s hearing profile. This study focused on optimizing filter bank architecture in terms of hardware cost, processing speed, and adaptability to enhance the efficiency of digital hearing aids. Recent Findings: Each filter bank in digital hearing aids relies on Finite Impulse Respons (FIR) filters, and optimizing their architecture is crucial for optimal device performance. Literature suggests that reconfigurable digital FIR filters are preferred for filter bank structures. However, their performance may vary based on specifications such as filter length, bandwidth, sampling frequency, and coefficients. Therefore, this review aimed to identify an optimized reconfigurable FIR filter design that improves hearing aid performance while ensuring its parameters remain independent of these specifications. Conclusion: A hardware-efficient, optimized, and adaptable parallel computing architecture for hearing aid filter banks has been identified from the literature survey. This proposed architecture features reconfigurable sub-band frequencies tailored to the user’s specific hearing loss, utilizing a Coefficient Scanning Mechanism (CSM) and Floating Point-Computation Sharing High-speed Mechanism (FP-CSHM). The CSM dynamically adjusts sub-band selection and reorganizes the FIR structure in each filter bank to reduce multiplication counts based on coefficient matching. The FP-CSHM enhances computation speed by eliminating redundant calculations through parallel processing. Keywords: Hearing aid; hearing loss; audiogram; hearing threshold

GEMDiff: a diffusion workflow bridges between normal and tumor gene expression states: a breast cancer case study.

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge due to its complexity, which arises from multiple genetic and epigenetic mutations that originate in normal breast tissue. Traditional machine learning models often fall short in addressing the intricate gene interactions that complicate drug design and treatment strategies. In contrast, our study introduces GEMDiff, a novel computational workflow leveraging a diffusion model to bridge the gene expression states between normal and tumor conditions. GEMDiff augments RNAseq data and simulates perturbation transformations between normal and tumor gene states, enhancing biomarker identification. GEMDiff can handle large-scale gene expression data without succumbing to the scalability and stability issues that plague other generative models. By avoiding the need for task-specific hyper-parameter tuning and specific loss functions, GEMDiff can be generalized across various tasks, making it a robust tool for gene expression analysis. The model's ability to augment RNA-seq data and simulate gene perturbations provides a valuable tool for researchers. This capability can be used to generate synthetic data for training other machine learning models, thereby addressing the issue of limited biological data and enhancing the performance of predictive models. The effectiveness of GEMDiff is demonstrated through a case study using breast mRNA gene expression data, identifying 307 core genes involved in the transition from a breast tumor to a normal gene expression state. GEMDiff is open source and available at https://github.com/xai990/GEMDiff.git under the MIT license.

Magnetic anisotropy investigation of grain-oriented electrical steels for a wide range of temperatures

Grain oriented electrical steel (GOES) has the advantages of high permeability, low iron loss and high saturation flux density in the rolling direction (RD). In practical, the magnetic field is not ideally in the direction of RD when the GOES is really operating. Therefore, a comprehensive insight into the magnetic anisotropy of GOES can help researchers to better utilize GOES. In addition, energy losses in electrical equipment and ambient temperatures can cause GOES to operate over a variable temperature. In order to design electrical equipment precisely, it is necessary to investigate the effect of temperature on the magnetic anisotropy of GOES. In this paper, the magnetic properties of GOES such as magnetic flux density, specific core loss, permeability, etc. are investigated at different temperatures and magnetization angles by experimental and theoretical analysis. The results show that the temperature has a significant effect on the magnetic anisotropy of GOES. The increase of temperature will increase the magnetic flux density and permeability in the unsaturated state, which is the most obvious in the range of easy magnetization angle. In the saturated state, an increase in temperature causes a decrease in flux density and permeability at the easy magnetization angle, i.e., in the range of 0°–30°, and the opposite law occurs at the difficult magnetization angle, i.e., in the range of 50°–70°. Similar to the properties of non-grain oriented electrical steel, an increase in temperature causes a decrease in iron loss, and their pattern of change is minor in relation to the magnetic anisotropy, and the reason for the decrease is the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss reduction. This paper reveals the relationship between magnetic anisotropy and temperature, and proves that the sensitivity of magnetic flux density and permeability to temperature is related to magnetization. The research content is not only of great significance to the cognition of material properties, but also can guide the design and performance prediction of electrical equipment.

Building a Geospatial Archive of Species Loss as Response to Local Caribou Extinction

This article offers a critical assessment of Storying Extinction: Responding to the Loss of North Idaho’s Mountain Caribou, a public-facing digital environmental humanities project produced by a team of University of Idaho Library researchers following the 2019 extirpation of mountain caribou from the South Selkirk Mountains of the Inland Northwest (the last caribou to inhabit the contiguous United States). The project has been conceptualized as a community response to the specific species loss, and it takes the form of a deep map, or geospatial archive, where users can inhabit and explore the region’s multispecies landscape in the aftermath of caribou extirpation through trail camera footage, nonfiction narrative, and georeferenced oral history videos of North Idaho community members narrating mountain caribou encounters. This article begins by offering a critical assessment of Storying Extinction’s methodology and formal architecture as it relates to representing human and more-than-human dimensions of species loss within a public and virtual setting. It then explores the importance of material practice for the environmental humanities and the specific contributions that performative cartographic processes can offer traditional EH scholarship. The article concludes by arguing that a multidisciplinary synthesis of GIS, digital, and narrative approaches is critical for communicating and exploring shifting spatial relations in the era of the Anthropocene and sixth mass extinction, and that Storying Extinction’s formal and methodological approaches can serve as a model for environmental humanities projects concerned with extinction geographies and environmental justice.

The glycoprotein GPNMB protects against oxidative stress through enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling in epidermal keratinocytes.

The glycoprotein GPNMB protects against oxidative stress through enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling in epidermal keratinocytes.