ABSTRACT Gypsy, Roma and Traveller communities experience the poorest outcomes across multiple domains, including over-representation in the Criminal Justice System. Despite several government publications, limited research explores their specific experiences within criminal justice services. This scoping review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the prison experiences of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller individuals, particularly regarding the extent to which their cultural needs are met. The review included qualitative studies published in English from 1994 onward, focusing on Gypsy, Roma and Traveller individuals’ prison experiences. A search of three academic databases and grey literature was conducted, and screening followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Variables were extracted to assess inclusion criteria, summarise findings, and chart demographic data such as gender and country of origin. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Core themes identified included discrimination, limited understanding of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller culture and relationships, and inadequate opportunities to meet cultural needs in custody. Although the small number of studies limits generalisability, the recurrence of these themes across different contexts indicates systemic issues. Overall, the findings suggest that Gypsy, Roma and Traveller prisoners have predominantly negative experiences, with key cultural needs unmet and poorly understood. The findings suggest more focused research and policy development are needed to address these systemic shortcomings within custodial environments.

Reliable epidemiological data about the prevalence, age-of-onset, and correlates of suicide-related outcomes are critical for effective suicide prevention. The present study aimed to investigate the lifetime and past 12-month prevalence of suicidal thoughts, plans, attempts. We then investigated whether these outcomes were associated with socio-demographic variables and mental disorders among first-year university students in New Zealand. Data were collected between 2021 and 2023 through online self-report surveys as part of New Zealand's contribution to the World Mental Health International College Surveys initiative. The final sample consisted of n = 3,702 first-year university students (overall response rate: 24.2%). Suicide-related outcomes were assessed using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated and data were analysed using multivariable statistical methods. Overall, 54.1% of respondents reported experiencing suicidal thoughts across their lifetime, with 29.6% having made a suicide plan, and 10.1% making at least one suicide attempt. Twelve-month prevalence of these outcomes was 37.4% (thoughts), 29.5% (plan), and 2.9% (attempt), respectively, and 12-month persistence among lifetime cases for these outcomes ranged from two-thirds for ideation to one-quarter for attempts. Non-heterosexual orientation and experiences of Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder were associated with greater likelihood of suicide-related outcomes. Suicide-related outcomes are highly prevalent and persistent among first-year university students in New Zealand. Our findings demonstrate that specific demographic characteristics and experiences of mental disorder are associated with greater likelihood of suicide-related outcomes and highlight the need for effective initiatives to support first-year university students.

Purpose Self-awareness is an essential ingredient of leader performance. However, existing research has not unpacked the specific experiences and practices supporting the development and maintenance of self-awareness. This study establishes a framework to study self-beliefs and a dedication to leader self-development, which we understand to be the antecedents of self-awareness, using examples of mid-level administrative leaders. Design/methodology/approach The interview-based study first developed narrative case studies of 12 administrative leaders. In a second step, a cross-case analysis identified shared themes of individual sense-making linked to self-awareness and leadership practices. Findings The study develops a sequential model of leader self-development clarifying the types of personal experiences and self-study practices that may foster the development of self-awareness. This framework identifies self-study and other personal leadership practices as possible antecedents of self-awareness, including self-beliefs, receptiveness, reflective practices, and personal challenges experienced. Practical implications This study establishes a framework of self-development practices to integrate with dominant institutional formal leadership training programs. This complementary approach helps advance a research program on how self-study and other self-leadership practices can support public leadership development. Originality/value Prior research has highlighted self-awareness and reflective practices as essential to leader development and performance. However, how self-beliefs and a dedication to self-development is perceived by leaders in practice remains poorly understood. This research develops a framework of possible antecedent practices supporting individual self-awareness in a public sector context.

There is a growing focus on ensuring research is accessible and inclusive to individuals traditionally not represented. To be truly inclusive, the broader context needs to be explored, as barriers might not only be linked to population characteristics but also to the complexity of their environment, and limited research opportunity within certain healthcare professions. The SCHEMA trial is a randomised controlled trial evaluating whether interpersonal art psychotherapy is effective at reducing aggressive behaviour in individuals with learning disability or borderline intellectual function in secure care. The trial illustrates the challenges and solutions to conducting research in secure care settings, a challenging environment, with an underrepresented patient population and healthcare professionals unfamiliar with conducting research. To better understand the challenges, a survey was circulated to understand site staff's general experience with research and their specific experiences of the SCHEMA trial. Difficulty of balancing research with other responsibilities and a fear of making a mistake were the most common barriers. The top two facilitators were working with collaborators and the presence of clear guidelines and protocols. Site setup was identified as the most challenging stage of the trial, while follow-up data collection was identified as the least challenging. In response to these challenges, the central trial team worked closely with site staff to provide tailored support to address the unique needs of the healthcare professionals and participant population.

ABSTRACT This theoretical paper critically unpacks the racialized experiences and emotions that Black children experience while using Black Language in a Spanish/English dual language bilingual program (DLBE). Employing Critical Race Theory, Raciolinguistics, and Emotions as Entanglements as theoretical lenses, this article interrogates the nuanced phenomena of Black children’s racialized experiences that are shaped by interconnected dynamics in bilingual programs. In this article, a composite counterstory details how raciolinguistic ideologies influence the specific racialized emotions and experiences of Black children that often place them on the margins in bilingual education spaces, such as performing respectability politics. In this counterstory, we argue that these racialized emotions are unique to Black children with Black Languaging practices in DLBE programs, highlight how their emotions are racialized differently from other participants in bilingual programs, and explain how DLBE programs become an extension of spaces that promote Whiteness for Black children. In sharing these tensions, we demand careful attention to the framing of Black children’s linguistic practices in DLBE programs and offer recommendations toward justice for Black children in DLBE programs.

User experience plays a crucial role in the interaction with virtual reality systems, especially in rehabilitation games for patients with brain injuries, who often face cognitive and motor challenges. User experience influences factors such as acceptance, engagement, and, importantly, the effectiveness of the intervention, all of which are key to achieving optimal recovery outcomes. While previous studies have examined the experiences of neurological populations, they have often focused on a single construct and used instruments that include irrelevant or confounding items. The objective of this study was to assess the perceived usability, presence, flow, competence, pleasant and unpleasant sensations, and utility of non-immersive virtual reality-based rehabilitation games targeting motor and cognitive functions in patients with stroke and traumatic brain injury. Thirty adults with stroke or traumatic brain injury interacted with three non-immersive virtual reality games targeting motor and cognitive skills, and then completed standardized instruments assessing the above constructs. The results revealed high usability, strong presence, and a positive flow experience. Participants also reported high levels of competence and pleasant sensations, with low levels of unpleasant sensations, indicating a generally favorable user experience. Utility was positively perceived. Analysis of demographic and clinical factors showed no significant impact of sex on most constructs, although women reported higher flow and enjoyment. Etiology, however, had a significant effect, with patients with traumatic brain injury reporting more positive experiences across all constructs compared to patients with stroke. Neither age nor time since injury significantly influenced the results. These findings highlight the importance of understanding specific user experience constructs and the influence of demographic and clinical factors in designing effective and engaging virtual reality rehabilitation games.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present the autoethnographic experiences of family members in a multiracial family. The unique aspect of this article is that four family members of a multicultural and multiracial family present insights into their experiences and interpretations of a police intervention in a public space in post-apartheid South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a collaborative intercultural positive autoethnography (IcPosAE) perspective. The authors present an autoethnographic case vignette of their experiences from a systemic family viewpoint. Findings Findings show how family members deal with racial prejudices in South Africa within a multicultural and multiracial family and how the family members transform the dividing experiences into multicultural and multiracial learning and self-development. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to a selected theoretical and methodological research framework and the selected case vignette. It reflects specific autoethnographical experiences, which may not be generalised. Practical implications The study provides insight into the experience of racial prejudice of family members from different racial categories in post-apartheid South Africa and offers a unique view of different family member perspectives on how to transform racially biased experiences into intercultural learning and individual transformation. Social implications Autoethnography can be used for reflection on how individuals, multicultural and multiracial families can deal constructively with racialised prejudices in public spaces and use them to create intercultural learning and self-development in a racially divided society. Originality/value This article contributes to collaborative IcPosAE from a systemic multicultural and multiracial family perspective.

Dalit students’ anti-caste and gender struggles against the dominance of the caste Hindus at the university have been examined extensively. However, while studying acts of resistance in higher education, dalit girls’ subjectivities are often overlooked or merged with dalit men’s narratives. Additionally, research on dalit women tends to focus on their conflicts concerning caste Hindu males or more generally. Their specific experiences and agency deserve more scholarly attention. This article draws on semi-structured interview data from a study of dalit women pursuing higher education at a university in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Through the narratives of 30 women in higher education, it explores how they support and empower each other to survive and succeed and questions their invisibility in everyday interactions with peers and teachers at the university.

ABSTRACTBackgroundMeasuring patient experiences has become a key initiative for improving healthcare quality worldwide. Since patient experiences are inherently shaped by sociocultural context and healthcare system structures, developing locally relevant measurement tools is crucial for reflecting patients' needs and expectations. South Korea has developed a patient experience questionnaire for hospital inpatient care within its National Health Insurance system through a systematic process involving patient engagement. In outlining the development process of the questionnaire, this study assesses its psychometric properties, focusing on validity and reliability.MethodsThe Patient Experience Assessment (PXA) questionnaire was developed through a three‐phase process: (1) item generation via a literature review and qualitative research with patient and caregiver groups, (2) expert review using the Delphi method, and (3) validity and reliability testing through a pilot test. After stakeholder feedback, the current version of PXA includes 21 items across 6 domains. Psychometric properties were assessed using data from 629 inpatients in four general hospitals, split into two subsamples for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to ensure robust construct validation. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe PXA questionnaire includes globally recognised patient‐centred themes while addressing unique issues that matter to patients in the Korean healthcare system. EFA identified a four‐factor structure: (1) Information, dignity, and autonomy; (2) Communication with nurses; (3) Communication with doctors; and (4) Hospital environment. CFA confirmed this structure, demonstrating high convergent validity (standardised loadings > 0.70) and satisfactory model fit (CFI and TLI > 0.950, RMSEA = 0.036, SRMR = 0.046). The instrument showed excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha: total = 0.95; subscales = 0.89–0.93).ConclusionThe PXA questionnaire, currently being implemented in South Korea, demonstrates robust psychometric properties. This work also exemplifies the process of developing a locally relevant patient experience questionnaire, grounded in global knowledge on patient‐centred care.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and caregivers participated in focus group discussions during PXA development. Their opinions directly informed the identification of culturally specific patient experience dimensions relevant to the Korean healthcare system. These findings emphasise engaging target patient populations in developing locally relevant patient experience instruments.

Telemedicine is a key component of Digital Health (e-Health) and constitutes a key tool capable, through information and communication technologies, of broadening access to care, providing continuity of assistance, and improving the monitoring of patients with chronic diseases. This study investigated clinicians' perspectives on the use of telemedicine in ophthalmology, analyzing the results of an e-consensus conducted with the RAND/UCLA method, to evaluate the appropriateness of potential clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for these technologies. Two rounds of questions have been administered between June and October 2024 to a panel of 28 clinicians out of 70 invited (40%) and an engineer with specific experience in telemedicine for the first round and 27 for the second plus the engineer. The outputs - albeit based on small numbers - suggest that, in Italy, telemedicine is judged most appropriate for non-strictly clinical phases (such as medical history collection, reporting, defining patient-satisfaction goals, and follow-up). By contrast, considerable uncertainty persists regarding its use for diagnostic procedures or for identifying diseases.

Half alive but still longing for death: Exploring the experiences of patients waking up in the intensive care unit after a suicide attempt-a qualitative study.

This article presents the main conclusions of a master’s dissertation on the specific experiences of women in a cultic context. Only a few studies have been conducted on this subject. Nevertheless, the cultic context seems to provide an opportunity for leaders and their groups to use psychological and sexual violence against women. Violence, gender inequalities, power relations, and stigmatization that women have suffered for decades in society are found in cultic contexts. These groups often maintain a patriarchal system that views women as inferior to men. Eight in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with female former cult members using a qualitative methodology. The participants’ testimonies were analyzed from a feminist perspective, based on Stark’s (2007) theory of coercive control. The results show that women are subject to coercive control by the leader, which is reinforced by other group members and sometimes family members involved in the group. Participants are locked into roles that often stem from a patriarchal vision of women’s place in society, forcing them to respond to the requirements of the leader and the group. Women also encounter difficulties when they leave the group, particularly in relation to seeking formal help. Considering the data collected, awareness, training, and research on understanding the specific cultic experiences of women to help them while respecting what they have experienced are needed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the retail industry, particularly shopping malls, which have experienced a 30% to 40% decline in customer footfall in the first quarter of 2021 compared to previous years. Despite the growing body of research on retail recovery, there remains a gap in understanding specific customer sentiments and experiences within mall environments during this period. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing customer feedback extracted from Google reviews to identify key attributes influencing the shopping experience. The research employs text-mining techniques to convert unstructured data into structured formats, eliminating irrelevant words and concepts. Following data cleaning, the Naïve Bayes Classifier method is utilized to analyze the sentiments, achieving an accuracy of around 92.86%. The findings will be visualized through word clouds and bar charts to highlight the top ten positive and negative sentiments expressed by customers. Ultimately, this research contributes to enhancing the customer experience at shopping malls by collaborating with relevant stakeholders to create a comprehensive Customer Journey Map based on the analyzed data. This map will serve as a strategic tool for mall management to implement targeted improvements and foster a more engaging shopping environment.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health concern among U.S. service members/veterans (SM/Vs) who experienced military sexual trauma (MST). Higher exposure to IPV is associated with worse psychological outcomes, but most studies focus on female survivors and overall experiences of IPV in place of IPV subtypes of psychological aggression, physical assault, and sexual coercion. The current study examined whether sex moderated the association of SM/Vs' experiences with IPV subtypes with outcomes of suicide risk, depression symptom severity, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, and alcohol use in a mixed sex sample of MST survivors. This study is a secondary analysis of 346 SM/V MST survivors (50.9% male) who completed measures of IPV experiences, PTSD symptom severity, depression symptom severity, suicide risk, and alcohol use. Each outcome was regressed on IPV experience subtype, sex, and their interaction to determine if sex moderated the association of IPV subtype and behavioral health outcomes. Sex moderated the association of sexual coercion and suicide risk such that the interaction of male sex and higher sexual coercion scores was associated with higher suicide risk (B = 0.08, SE = 0.04, p = .05). Sex also moderated the association of physical assault and depression symptom severity such that the interaction of male sex and higher physical assault scores were associated with higher depression severity (B = 0.13, SE = 0.05, p = .01). Sex did not moderate the association of PTSD or alcohol use with any IPV subtype. Male MST survivors may be at increased risk for suicide and depression symptom severity depending on IPV experience relative to females, which is especially important given higher rates of suicide in males. These results demonstrate the importance of screening for different subtypes of IPV experiences among male MST survivors, who are typically under-represented in the literature.

The article is dedicated to the engagement of a person without an attorney status as a defense counsel in a criminal procedure. The article substantiates that such a defense counsel does not necessarily need any specific legal knowledge or experience, as his involvement is aimed at exercising the right of the accused that differs from the right to obtain qualified legal assistance in the narrow sense exercised by an attorney.

The fields of neurophenomenology, psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI) and epigenetics provide innovative and complementary perspectives on understanding the positive effects of art and aesthetic experiences on human well-being and health. Neurophenomenology integrates subjective experiential reports with neuroscientific data, offering valuable insights into how aesthetic experiences elicit positive emotional responses, alleviate stress and enhance cognitive and emotional development. PNEI, by contrast, examines the bidirectional communication among the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, providing the basis for investigating how specific psychological experiences, including positive ones, influence physical health. Epigenetics, in turn, can serve as a bridge between these domains, as the biological translator that connects environmental and experiential factors to gene expression. This paper presents a conceptual perspective as it proposes an integrative framework linking neurophenomenology, PNEI and epigenetics, aimed at elucidating how art and aesthetic experiences can promote health and well-being. By examining the shared mechanisms and pathways across these fields, we aim to outline their collective implications for scientific research, health promotion/disease prevention and clinical applications.

Bihormonal fully closed loop (FCL; "artificial pancreas") reactively manages glucose levels by adjusting insulin or glucagon delivery based on sensor readings. Previous quantitative research has demonstrated FCL group-level efficacy in terms of glycemic and person-reported outcomes. Less is known about specific user experiences and the impact on different life domains. To qualitatively examine motives and user experiences related to this bihormonal FCL system among adults with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting. This included (a) reasons for considering FCL use, (b) positive or negative impact of FCL, (c) the process of adjusting to the system, and (d) the perceived benefit-burden trade-off. After close of a 12-month single-arm trial (FREE 1), a subsample was interviewed (n = 12). Eight ongoing users were selected based on change patterns in the quantitative trial data. Four people who discontinued the system were selected based on duration of FCL use and discontinuation reasons. Data were analyzed using thematic and narrative analysis. Participants voiced a combination of personal and altruistic considerations in the decision to start FCL. While there was a variety in individual impact, benefits (improved glycemic outcomes, feeling more like a person without diabetes) mostly outweighed burdens (e.g., hassles related to glucagon replacement, multiple components, alarms). FCL was a positive life changer for ongoing users, despite continued effort required for technology management. Finding a working relation with the system was challenging and took time, with participants reporting different coping strategies. Discontinuation reasons presented early, with an accumulation of negative experiences leading up to the decision to stop. FCL users experience improvements mostly in glycemic and often also person-reported outcomes, with continuation of use depending on reconcilability of technology hassles. To facilitate FCL adoption and long-term use, expectation management and continued support from the manufacturer and trained diabetes care teams seem key.

Background: Fire-related respiratory injury is a complex clinical condition caused by thermal trauma to the respiratory tract, chemical irritation from combustion products, and systemic toxicity from hazardous gases. This injury is a critical predictor of mortality in burn victims, increasing the risk of death by up to 24-fold. Despite its severity, disaster management often faces significant challenges, including delayed rescue services, limited access to medical supplies, and initial assessments by medical personnel who may lack specific experience in treating burn and inhalation trauma. Methods: This study was conducted as a comprehensive literature review by searching and selecting relevant, up-to-date academic sources from databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. The selection focused on scientific journals, textbooks, and articles published within the last five years. Each source was evaluated for quality and relevance, then organized into key themes to provide a comprehensive perspective on the etiology, pathogenesis, and management of fire-related respiratory injuries. Results: The findings indicate that inhaled particles reaching the terminal bronchioles trigger intense inflammatory reactions, leading to mucosal edema, decreased alveolar surfactant activity, bronchospasm, and pulmonary edema. Pathophysiological changes also include the release of chemical mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase vascular permeability and cause widespread tissue hypoxia. Assessment relies on clinical indicators such as facial burns, carbonaceous sputum, and hoarseness. While initial thoracic radiographs may appear normal, diagnostic tools like fiberoptic bronchoscopy and CT scans are essential to determine the severity of the injury and identify distal airway damage. Conclusion: Fire-related respiratory injury remains a leading cause of fire-related morbidity and mortality. Prompt initial assessment using primary and secondary survey, followed by immediate on-site stabilization and prioritized hospital referral, is essential. Failure to provide immediate and appropriate treatment—including airway management and fluid resuscitation—frequently results in severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure requiring prolonged ventilator support.

ABSTRACT Youth homelessness and involvement with the criminal justice system (CJS) are deeply interconnected in Canada, with Black youth disproportionately affected due to systemic and structural inequities. While research on race, gender, and the CJS is growing, the specific experiences of Black youth facing housing precarity remain underexplored. This paper investigates the relationship between Black youth homelessness and CJS involvement using data from the 2019 Without a Home: National Youth Homelessness Survey – Canada’s largest study of youth experiencing homelessness. The survey (n = 1,375) was conducted in 49 communities through 98 youth-serving agencies. Data were collected on demographics, housing history, education, income, health, and CJS involvement. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare group differences, and logistic regression assessed the relationship between race and recent CJS contact. Our findings demonstrate that Black youth experiencing homelessness were significantly more likely than white youth to report recent CJS involvement and tended to experience homelessness at a younger age. Problematic substance use was associated with higher CJS involvement across all groups. These findings indicate that Black youth experiencing homelessness are overrepresented in the CJS, reflecting entrenched systemic inequities. Culturally responsive, equity-oriented, and prevention-focused strategies are urgently needed to address the intersecting challenges of homelessness and criminalization.

This article investigates the dot-jari (traditional Korean floor mat) as a cultural artefact, examining its role in shaping spatial boundaries and perceptions within Korean floor-based culture. It explores how the dot-jari , through everyday use in interior and exterior environments, facilitates the conceptualisation of spatial and social relationships. Furthermore, it highlights the dot-jari as a significant, yet underexplored element of Korean cultural identity, reflecting the phenomenology of domestic life and floor-based living culture. The research adopts a phenomenological approach, incorporating content analysis with 119 visual documents, including Korean genre paintings, contemporary images, personal archives and text-based documentation. By analysing its diverse usages and cultural significance, the article examines how spatial boundaries are delineated within Korean floor-based culture. Theoretical frameworks, such as Henry Lefebvre’s concept of social space as a product of everyday practices and Mary Douglas’s notion of dirt as a socially charged boundary marker between inside and outside, contextualise the dot-jari ’s role in shaping culturally specific spatial identities and experiences. The dot-jari embodies a distinctly Korean approach to defining and experiencing spatial boundaries. Three cultural practices shape its role in spatial perception: (1) removing shoes, (2) materiality and (3) cleanliness. These interconnected elements highlight how habitual activities are deeply embedded in Korean spatial culture and contribute to construction of cultural identity. This article repositions the dot-jari as a key cultural artefact that shapes spatial identity through everyday practices of floor-based living, providing fresh insights into spatial boundaries, everyday rituals and cultural identity, within a phenomenological understanding of Korean spatial culture.