This paper presents the methodology developed to calculate the Self-Rescuing Index for communities downstream of mining tailings dams. An initial calculation formula was developed based on consultations with specialists in engineering, safety, geotechnology, geotechnics, geography, social work, and social sciences. This formula consisted of twenty-two indicators and five indices that make up the final index. The initial results were revised after a new round of consultation using the Delphi method, as well as considering the data available from official sources, Dam Break studies, and primary data collection from communities located in risk areas. The results were georeferenced, enabling a detailed analysis of people's location, their vulnerabilities, as well as of the territory, making a consistent geostatistical tool available for decision-making in managing disaster risks related to mining dams.