Specific Economic Problems Research Articles

PECULIARITIES OF OPTIMIZATION OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS TO STUDENTS OF ECONOMIC SPECIALTIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

In the article, the author studies the peculiarities of optimizing the teaching of mathematics to students of economic specialties in higher education institutions. It has been found that teaching mathematics to students of economic specialties is accompanied by a number of problems, in particular, the subject area, the peculiarities of the modern educational environment and the social context. Some students do not show sufficient interest and do not realize the importance of mathematics in professional activities. Low motivation leads to the lack of concentration in the classroom and worsening the outcomes. The quality of mathematics education is negatively affected by the lack of a sufficient level of students’ basic mathematical knowledge. They may not understand real economic scenarios of future professional activities and have difficulty using mathematical concepts to model and analyze real economic situations. Some mathematical concepts and categories, such as differential equations or statistics, can be difficult to understand and apply in the context of complex economic models.Optimization of teaching means bringing this process to a state that ensures the achievement of goals in accordance with the requirements for the content and level of professional training of students, taking into account their interests and capabilities in conditions of limited use of time and effort resources. The main ways to optimize mathematics teaching are: use of specific economic examples and tasks to explain mathematical concepts, because learning can be more effective if students see how they can use mathematics in their future economic activities; integrating teaching with economic models and mathematical concepts so that students can see the use of math in analyzing economic phenomena; use of computer and specialized programs for visualization of mathematical concepts and their use in economic issues; introduction of interactive online resources to facilitate the learning process; active use of applied tasks, inclusion in the curriculum of tasks that require the use of math skills to solve specific economic problems, etc.

The Danish Economy, 1973–2009: From National Welfare State to International Market Economy

ABSTRACT A number of long-term trends in the Danish economy changed around 1973. The decades before were characterized by the establishment of a welfare state with a high level of social security and an optimistic attitude to public planning. Many periods during the subsequent decades have witnessed a struggle against different specific economic problems, including how to pay for the welfare state. But the whole period since 1973 has been characterized by an overall movement from a national welfare state to a more international and market-oriented economy. The development can be divided into four separate phases based on changes in government and different policies: 1973–1982 is characterized by escalating economic problems, 1982–93 with an improvement in the macroeconomic balance except in employment, and 1993–2001 with a highly successful improvement, including in employment. During the period 2001–2009 the government did not show the same willingness to make reforms, but this period’s liberal-conservative government is the symbol of the transformation to a market economy.

Providing software support for economic analysis

Today, modern software and hardware of information technologies are used to automate production processes, starting from modeling of technical developments and automated computer systems. This study is aimed at describing the process of implementing software support for economic analysis of the enterprise, which will calculate the main economic indicators and informatively display the calculated data. The object of the study is an automated system for calculating and maintaining the main economic indicators of the enterprise. The subject of research is methods of database design and development, data visualization and web applications. A review of literature sources allowed to conclude that most often to assess the economic performance of the enterprise, standard technologies are used, which the authors adapt to specific economic problems. In addition, the analysis of modern research has not identified a single software product that would collect, accumulate, analyze information and calculate the main indicators of economic activity of the enterprise, as well as monitor changes in such indicators in the dynamics. Automation of calculation of economic indicators, statistical analysis and visualization of data gives the chance to carry out effective management of the enterprise in modern economic conditions. The developed system allows to analyze the use of fixed assets; working capital analysis; analysis of the use of labor resources; profitability analysis; analysis of financial stability of enterprises. The paper shows the process of developing a functional model of a web application for the automated calculation of key economic indicators, and presents the advantages and disadvantages of working with the PostgreSQL database management system. The structure of the developed database, which consists of four tables, is given. An example of the work of the developed web application is presented.

Цифровые инструменты визуализации в подготовке студентов экономических вузов

The study is devoted to the issue of improving the quality of training of students of economic universities using visualization tools for educational material. The importance for future economists of the ability to formalize economic problems is emphasized. An important role is given to graphical models as a means of visualizing quantitative data. t is noted that within the framework of mathematical training, students of economic universities study the basics of differential and integral calculus, which, in turn, allows them to explore, analyze and interpret a wide range of graphical models. The advantages of digital technologies for the visualization of educational material and the study of dynamic economic and mathematical models in the process of mathematical training of students of an economic university are considered. The capabilities of the MS Excel spreadsheet processor and the Python programming language are demonstrated, which make it possible to formalize specific economic problems and perform an intra-model solution. An online survey of students of economic universities in the city of Omsk was conducted on the problematic aspects of using digital tools for visualizing economic and mathematical models. The findings indicate the need for further development of integrative links between the disciplines of the subject areas “Economics”, “Mathematics”, “Computer Science and Information Technology” in the context of the digitalization of modern society.

Economic-mathematical methods and models in management of economic activity of agricultural enterprises

The paper summarizes the most common mathematical methods used in the analysis, planning, organization, and management of economic activities of agricultural enterprises. It is determined that mathematical methods in combination with qualitative, logical methods of analysis contribute to the correct assessment of production efficiency or assessment of individual economic phenomena. It is a set of methods that turns analysis into truly scientific means of production management. It is proved that the most important universal method of research of economic activity of the enterprise is the method of modeling and construction of mathematical model of economic object. The study of economic processes in agricultural enterprises with the help of economic and mathematical modeling allows to assess the level of efficiency of the enterprise for the past period and to predict the effect of the implementation of certain management measures. Particular attention is paid to the principle of classification of economic and mathematical models on various grounds used in agricultural production during management decisions. The optimization models which make the widest group of models are considered and are intended for a choice of an optimum variant which will provide the maximum efficiency of the enterprise. Different approaches to the choice of basic parameters for building models to determine the resource potential are presented. It is revealed that during modeling it is necessary to follow the system approach, considering not only separate components and their interrelations, but also all system as a whole. It is advisable to use a system of models of parameters, characteristics, condition, and behavior in the external environment of interconnected economic processes, taking into account the complex structure of the organization, which will increase the adequacy and accuracy of results obtained in management decisions by managers of agricultural enterprises. It is established that economic-mathematical modeling allows to effectively solve specific economic problems and practical problems in the field of enterprise management in order to minimize the negative economic consequences.

Concept, Essence and Characteristics of Aviation Personnel in the System of the Aviation Component of the Internal Affairs of Ukraine

The scientific research is focused on studying the concept and essential characteristics of aviation personnel in the system of aviation component of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The relevance of the article is due to global trends, which are associated with the fact that aviation is becoming a key element in the development of many countries. The use of airspace for various purposes is becoming an increasingly important and sometimes a priority direction in the political, military and social strategy of most countries, including Ukraine. Legal issues of interaction between the Ukrainian system of internal affairs and the aviation system are important for Ukraine in addition to specific domestic economic, technical and legal problems in this area. A legal issue in regard to the organization of the movement of aircraft is a systemically interconnected group of special legal principles of air law. A special place in the system is occupied by the regulation of labor relations of aviation personnel. Accordingly, addressing the problems that arise in the framework of labor relations in the field of aviation is one of the important components of the analysis of aviation as a component of the internal affairs system. The concept of aviation personnel in both civil and state aviation has been studied in the framework of this article. The purpose of theoretical research is a systematic review and clarification of the concept of "aviation personnel for further analytical work and in-depth study of existing problems that may arise in the system of aviation component of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Certain concepts were generalized; key differences between aviation and aviation ground personnel were identified; and basic conceptual imperfections were identified through the synthesis and analysis.

ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES AND METHODS OF OVERCOMING THE 2011
 MAN-GENERAL DISASTER IN JAPAN

Annotation: the work is devoted to the study of the economic consequences of the earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011 off the eastern coast of the Japanese island of Honshu and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant. The features of the disaster of 2011 and the specific economic problems that the country faced, as well as the methods by which the government resolved them were considered. They touched upon the attitude of mankind to nuclear energy in the context of such man-made disasters. The work is valuable both for considering both the economic and cultural features of the "Land of the Rising Sun".

ЕКСПОРТНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ІНЖИНІРИНГОВИХ КОМПАНІЙ

Currently, engineering is a field of human intellectual activity, a process whose task is to design, create, use, maintain, process and / or refine the concept, model, product, process, solving specific economic problems. Thus, the relevant area of study is the market of engineering services, or the market of engineering consulting services. Due to the fact that such a market includes technical research and services related to the preparation of the production process, as well as general technical assistance that ensures the optimal production process at facilities, including consulting and author's supervision of design structures, buildings, facilities, equipment, etc., economic and financial advice, etc., such a market has its own range of services, which is especially relevant for study in the global market of engineering services, as well as in the market of engineering services in Ukraine. Prospects for further research in the direction of diversification of engineering services should be the development of methodological approaches to the essence of engineering in the national economy and the development of methodology for managing engineering business based on the experience of leading foreign corporations. The article considers the issues of export development of Ukrainian companies in the field of engineering services, peculiarities of their functioning, formation of international competitive advantages and innovative requirements for the development of engineering companies. The authors reveal the peculiarities of the principles of participation of companies in the market of engineering services, critically analyze the potential and reflect the main problems regarding the export of Ukrainian engineering companies. The essence of the Ukrainian engineering market and its difference from the European and American markets of engineering services is revealed. The directions of diversification of Ukrainian companies in entering the world market are determined, the factors that negatively or positively affect the realization of the export potential of domestic engineering companies are analyzed. Based on the generalization of the experience of the largest corporations, the main factors determining the competitive advantages of Ukrainian companies entering world markets have been identified.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКО-МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНУ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА НА ЧЕРКАЩИНІ

The article deals with peculiarities of application of mathematical methods and models in management of agrarian enterprises. Mathematical modeling is found to be a universal and effective tool for studying the internal laws of certain phenomena and processes. It has been stated that since the solution of economic and mathematical models it is necessary to take into account certain system characteristics and a close connection of qualitative system parameters and how they are resolved. It is noted that a specialist who develops a particular model should have a thorough knowledge of agrarian economics and modeling theory and perfect to have mathematical tools. It is proved that the application of mathematical modeling methods economic and manufacturing processes make efficient use existing resource base in the process of achieving the agrarian strategic goals businesses and take into account significant sources of uncertainty and minimize them negative economic consequences. The arsenal of economic and mathematical methods and models has been systematized used in marketing management decisions business processes. The features by which the economic and mathematical models are classified are presented used in agricultural production. The ways of constructing the optimization models used in agriculture. The process of making managerial decisions on business processes is considered agricultural production using the optimization model fertilizer application. It is noted that, from a mathematical point of view, some economic processes in agribusinesses are the same and can be described using typical models. It is established that by means of economic-mathematical modeling it is possible to solve specific economic problems and practical problems in the field management of agricultural production and economic activity enterprises. It is concluded that the application of mathematical tools methods and models make it possible to substantiate the adoption process better management decisions when planning and finding promotion reserves efficiency of agricultural enterprises in crisis conditions and dynamic changes in the environment.

Neoliberal Algorithm of Higher Economic Education as the Instrument for Deformation of Strategic Thinking

Neoliberal paradigm of higher education, which is dominating in today’s global world, orients everyone who studies economic science for compliance with standards of self-regulating free market and recognition of its key role in social economy. Such educational algorithm, in our opinion, significantly narrows the range for comprehension of strategic solutions in specific historical economic problems. In particular, limiting the horizons of professional economists and focusing their attention on the capabilities of only one economic ideology significantly restricts freedom of thought and freedom of choice for strategies of economic behavior. Also we should say that mixed types of economic evolution in developed countries are not practically determined by the theoretical postulates defended by neoliberalism. Thus, critical analyses and significant transformation of implemented in the 1990’s ideological platform are long ago actualized not only in theory, but mainly in the level of socio-economic practices. In our opinion, modern Ukraine needs a fundamentally new approach for organization of educational process in the field of higher economic education. And the main focus of transformation in educational sphere should be namely strategic vectors of comprehension for the future of the country. That is, we must clearly define which kind of professional economists we are educating and for what purpose: should they create and implement effective strategies of socio-economic development or just to reproduce borrowed economic scenarios, formed by external global actors? Our answer to this question requires providing of an academic condition for creating self-sufficient professionals who will be able to take responsibility for development and implementation of productive socio-economic strategies.

The khat dilemma in Jimma area: The socio-economic analysis of benefits and harms associated with kath use

This study aims to come up with empirically based evidence concerning the dilemma of khat (Catha edulis Forsk, a natural green leaf used as a stimulant. This study carried out in selected areas in the Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, South West Ethiopia, in order to clarify the dilemma to use it based on empirical evidence concerning its socio-economic benefits and harms. To this end, 397 samples selected randomly using a probability sampling method from the study areas and a survey undertaken using closed and open-ended questionnaires. Moreover, key informant interviews and focus group discussions carried out in order to collect qualitative data to supplement the survey study. Descriptive statistics like percentages mean and inferential statistics, such as chi-square used to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, the thematic analysis used to analyze the qualitative data. The result showed that the respondents had experienced various types of problems they attributed to khat use. As far as the specific economic problems experienced by the respondents were concerned, they were unable to be punctual on work, absent from work, and exposed to unnecessary costs. Moreover, the respondents said that they were unable to save money daily, weekly, or monthly due to expenses attributed to khat chewing. As far as its social harm is concerned, the study participants said that they experienced conflict between themselves and their families due the fact that khat use costs interfered with their families’ basic needs expenses. Some of them also mentioned that they conflicted with their bosses because they were not punctual and absent from work due to khat chewing. Similarly, the FGD participants from the community argued that khat chewing has become forcing the jobless segments of the community, mainly to engage in anti-social behaviors such as theft and robbery.

The use of IT technologies in the implementation of the “economic cross” methodology in the “Breakthrough” project of Rosatom

Abstract The article analyzes the economic barriers that slow down the development of the Rosatom “Breakthrough” project and reduce its economic efficiency. The foreign experience of implementing projects of similar scale and significance is considered, the reserves for adapting foreign experience with respect to solving specific economic problems of the development of the Breakthrough project are identified. The necessity of increasing the use of the scale of digital technology in the framework of the development of the Breakthrough project and its more complete adaptation to the digital economy format is substantiated. Much attention is paid to the use of digital technologies to maximize positive and minimize negative external economic effects associated with the implementation of the project, especially in the long term. The proposals formulated based on the results of the study are built taking into account the current practice of using IT support in the framework of the Breakthrough project.

Methodology for assessing the competitiveness of space services

The main components of the competitiveness of space services are their price and quality, as well as the ratio of these parameters. These indicators are determined by the values of technical and economic parameters of the service. The competitiveness of a space service refers to its ability to meet the requirements of a particular consumer in a given market and period of time in terms of quality and consumer costs for the acquisition and operation (or consumption) of this service. In order to increase the competitiveness of space services and their commercialization in the domestic and international markets, it is necessary to have an objective assessment of their competitiveness and ability to solve economic problems with a high accuracy. The article contains developed methodology for assessing the competitiveness of space services that used to solve specific economic problems in the interests of various sectors of the economy. Based on the assessment of the competitiveness of space services aimed at solving sectoral economic problems, the growth trends of economic sectors can be identified, and economic growth scenarios due to the emergence of highly competitive space services can be formed, replacing traditional methods of solving problems.

Approaches to Neo-Marxist Synthesis in Political Economy [regarding the monograph by V.T. Ryazanov, «Modern Political Economy: Prospects for Neo-Marxist Synthesis»

The article is a review of a new monograph by the famous Russian theoretician-economist V.T. Ryazanov, «Modern Political Economy: Prospects for Neo-Marxist Synthesis». The focus is on the possibilities and content of neo-Marxist synthesis in political economy. Its new subject field, reflecting major changes in modern capitalism, is revealed. The scientific potential of classical political economy and the accumulated theoretical developments of heterodox schools that oppose the mainstream in modern economic theory are also shown. All this taken together makes it possible to lay the foundations of neo-Marxist synthesis as a new version of Marxist political economy. The review reveals specific theoretical, methodological and concrete economic problems studied in the monograph, and some critical remarks are made. According to the reviewer, this monograph can be an important step in contributing to the full revival of political economy in the public, scientific and educational space.

The Structure and Internal Logic of the Economic Thoughts in Ancient China: A Case Study of Confucius in Terms of Political Power and Ethics

Recently, the research paradigm of the economic thoughts in ancient China mainly emphasizes the concepts in western mainline economics, such as market, exchange and division of labor, but ignores the other factors, like political power and morality. In that case, it is widely believed that the economic thoughts in ancient China are scattered and unstructured, which means there is no clear logical chain between the relevant concepts. However, political power is a vital consideration for economic problems in ancient China, and the moral concepts proposed by different schools in China are the foundation of economic analysis at that time. Then how could we understand these ideas more precisely and comprehensively, and how should we consider the difference in economic concepts between China and the West? Are there any unique and structured ideas in ancient China? To answer these urgent problems has certain significance to fully understand the economic thoughts in ancient China, and also can provide some enlightenment for revaluating those ideas.In a bid to deal with these problems, this paper would, as an example, analyze the economic thoughts of Confucius with a paradigm including the political and moral factors. First of all, we summarize the essential economic problems the society facing in the West-Zhou Dynasty and the Spring-Autumn Period, especially the problems about how the rulers having political power intervene in the institutional change. Then, according to the historical materials during these periods, we try to find out the measures ancient thinkers took to tackle the specific problems with moral concepts, and the whole progress in which they create an economy institution design. In the end, we analyze Confucius’ ideas about the morality and institutional design, and thereby try to summarize the basic structure and inner logic of the economic thoughts in ancient China.It comes to the following conclusions: Firstly, the core of Confucius’ economic thoughts is about how to deal with the economic problems with the discussion of moral concepts being prevalent during that period. His planning about economic institutions, such as the land system and tax system, is based on his argument for political legitimacy. Secondly, the basic structure of the economic thoughts in ancient China may include three considerations: the knowledge of sociopolitical and economic problems, the knowledge of social legitimacy in terms of morality, the design of economic institutions. Thirdly, there is a consistent logic in ancient economic thoughts. The discovery of objective facts including specific political and economic problems would influence the value judgment reflected by the change of moral concepts’ definition, and thereby these kinds of change in moral concepts would lead to a new institutional design.The conclusions of this paper provide some enlightenment for the study of ancient economic thoughts. We provide a new study paradigm of ancient economic thoughts, which include some neglected factors, such as political power, moral concepts and economic institutions. Except for Confucius, this paradigm can be also used in others’ economic thoughts in ancient time. What’s more, emphasizing the link between ancient economic thoughts and specific economic problems would be beneficial to understand the development of economy in modern society, like the moral issues caused by the development of market-oriented economy in China.In short, this paper provides a new angle of view to understand the economic thoughts in ancient China more precisely and comprehensively, compared with the previous study paradigm which follows Western mainstream economic theories. Additionally, it also deeply analyzes the important role of power and ethics in the formation and development of ancient economic thoughts and their internal relations, and on this basis gives the basic logic that the ancients followed in discussing economic issues.

Russian banking system: searching for trust

The article is devoted to the study of trust, as an economic resource, contributing to the reduction of transaction costs. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, the authors define trust, as the transaction participants’ conviction that they can rely entirely on the counterparties’ promises. After that, the character of the damage that the society experiences from the disappearance of the relationship of trust is determined. These losses are caused by the switching of resources from the productive area to the scope of transaction management. Then the authors formulate the conditions that are necessary for the emergence of trust as such and for its spread in the Russian economy. There are two such conditions. The first is the impossibility of changing the contract unilaterally, without taking into account the interests of the counterparty. The second condition is the ability to control the execution of the transaction at any time by the counterparty. Later, the authors set out the reasons why trust has not spread in the political and economic life of contemporary Russia. The second part of the article explores the specific economic problems that arise in connection with the lack of trust between the parties to the contract. As an example, the banking sector, that is, perhaps the most important branch of the modern economy is considered. The second part begins with a short historical overview of the development of the banking sector of modern Russia. It is noted that real interaction between commercial banks and the Russian households began only in the 21st century, when the ruble exchange rate stabilized and the household incomes began to grow rapidly. At the same time, the practice of opportunistic behavior of commercial banks in relation to households was formed. This practice manifests itself in the systematic provision of false information to the customers or withholding truthful information from them. The opportunism of banks, along with high real interest rates, has caused the extremely small role played by Russia’s banking system in shaping consumer demand and, accordingly, overcoming the economic crisis. The passive position taken by the Bank of Russia in confronting banks and households is noted.

Ukraine's fiscal adjustment in European context

This paper examines fiscal stance in the EU as controversial issues for economic research and policy debates; it also investigates the underlying fiscal and debt positions of Ukraine's government as a legacy of global crisis and the outcome of country specific economic problems. Author calculates the cyclically adjusted fiscal balance of Ukraine and provides evidence of a highly pro-cyclical and restrictive fiscal policy since 2014. Ukraine is proved to be a champion in recent international rank of countries with largest cyclically adjusted primary surpluses. Author assesses Ukraine's fiscal consolidation package from the point of view of its compatibility with economic growth and social equity targets and distinguishes beneficial and harmful for economic growth fiscal policy instruments in Ukraine. The paper highlights factors affecting the size of fiscal multipliers and computes the short-term and medium-term multipliers in Ukraine, which proved to be 0.4 and 1.3, respectively. Next, the impact of fiscal adjustment on output has been estimated to be as high as a 8.9% fall in real GDP over the medium-term. On the basis of qualitative conclusions and quantitative estimates thereby derived, author draws policy recommendations which cover a mix of fiscal consolidation instruments, a pace of fiscal adjustment, the tools for government debt management, as well as a design and enforcement of the fiscal rules.

Suicide Risk and the Economic Crisis: An Exploratory Analysis of the Case of Milan.

In the past five years, several scientific articles have claimed that the increase some countries have registered in suicide rates since 2008 is somehow related to the economic crisis. Other research has suggested that the impact of specific economic problems on the probability of suicidal behavior is often mediated by other individual-level factors, mainly psychological and physical, whose negative influence is exacerbated by reductions in the availability of health and social care during an economic crisis. On the basis of almost 1,000 cases of suicide collected by the Institute of Forensic Medicine in the province of Milan, this article aims at testing whether suicidal probability during an economic crisis is influenced by the interaction between an individual’s employment status and the presence of psychological or physical disease. Using a binary logistic regression model, this article demonstrates that the likelihood of suicide during an economic crisis is three times higher for persons affected by a severe disease, either physical or psychological, than for people who are not affected (OR = 3.156; 95% CI = 1.066–9.339; p = 0.38). Neither employment status nor the interaction between employment status and health status contributed to the difference between the suicide rate before and during the economic crisis.

Improving Local Governance without Challenging the State: The Middle-Class Protest in Urban China

The first decade of the new century had seen an increase in rights-protection protests in urban China. The main participants of these protests were local middle-class residents who initiated protests to raise issues on specific economic and social problems as opposed to abstract sociopolitical issues. They have started to claim rights which were granted to citizens by law in principle but never actually delivered. The sociopolitical changes facilitate the emergence and success of middle-class protests, which in turn have contributed to the improvement of local governance and positively reshaped local politics. However, their influence on the macro political structure of China remains to be seen.

Small sample-oriented case-based kernel predictive modeling and its economic forecasting applications under n-splits-k-times hold-out assessment

In most situations, we can only collect small samples for modeling specific economic forecasting problems. Thus, the availability of accurate predictive model for small samples is vital for solving these problems. This research makes an early investigation on the small sample-oriented case-based kernel predictive method (SSOCBKPM) by integrating support vector machine in case reuse of case-based reasoning, and conducts an early application of SSOCBKPM in binary economic forecasting under the n-splits-k-times hold-out method. After business cases consisting of small samples are represented, the most similar cases from small samples to the current problem are retrieved from small case base. The most similar cases retrieved from small samples are then mapped into a higher dimensional space by kernel function to be candidate support vectors, in which dimension a hyper-plane of support vector machine is constructed by reusing the most similar cases. Two datasets for firm failure prediction and one dataset for loan failure prediction were used to test performance of SSOCBKPM. 100 times' random selection of each of the 20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 80% of the total samples are respectively used in training to simulate the availability of samples. The results indicate that SSOCBKPM improves accuracy, stability and sensitivity of the classical CBR significantly; and improves performance of SVM significantly when the volume of the training samples becomes smaller. The SSOCBKPM is more useful in economic forecasting than case-based reasoning and support vector machine since the proportion of available samples is commonly small and less than 50% of the population.