Specific Commodities Research Articles

Rate of cross-commodity discounting of substances varies by substance type for individuals in recovery from substance use disorders.

The extant literature hints at the existence of substance-specific differences in rates of cross-commodity discounting (CCT). However, direct examinations are currently lacking. The present experiment aimed to replicate previous studies examining CCT of substances and to extend their findings by examining potential substance-specific relationships with discounting. Participants (n = 122) on recovery pathways from substance use disorders indicated the substances they were still actively using and then ranked these substances from most to least preferred. Participants then completed four discounting tasks: (a) money now-money later, (b) money now-drug later, (c) drug now-drug later, and (d) drug now-money later. Monetary and drug amounts were always equated. In these tasks, the drug commodity was always the participant's most preferred except if participants indicated they used multiple substances, in which case they completed additional discounting tasks with their second most preferred substance. Results revealed that discounting rates across substances did not differ significantly in conditions where the same commodity was both the immediate and the delayed option. In contrast, in the drug now-money later condition, we found that rates of discounting varied significantly according to the specific drug commodity. Further, this relationship was inverted in the money now-drug later condition. Overall, results from previous examinations of the CCT of alcohol and stimulants were replicated. In addition, we provide the first direct evidence that rates of CCT may differ across different substances. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Health sector advocacy for repurposing agricultural investments affecting fruits, vegetables and legumes.

Increasing population intake of fruits, vegetables and legumes could reduce diet-related mortality. The World Health Organization recommends that countries adopt fiscal tools to address the relative affordability of healthy foods, including through taxes and subsidies. Most global agricultural subsidy support has been tied to the production of specific commodities, predominately grains. Heavily embedded financial and regulatory focus on a narrow range of commodities has encouraged monocropping and intensive farming at the expense of dietary diversity. To address this issue, the United Nations recommends that countries phase out distortive policies and subsidies, and repurpose these with more efficient and equitable measures. This would provide an opportunity for the health policy community to engage on the investment needed to promote production, supply and demand for fruit, vegetables and legumes. This article supports this engagement, by describing the current policy context for agricultural subsidies and some of the specific policy options for increasing fruit, vegetable and legume production, supply and demand. The article outlines ways through which the health policy community can support the development of a repurposing policy agenda for fruit, vegetables and legumes by building awareness of the benefits of such an agenda; strategically engaging across sectors to develop a cohesive package of policy measures for increasing fruit, vegetable and legume production, supply and demand; and engaging with agriculture and other sectors to navigate the complexities of a repurposing agenda, ensuring a range of sectoral concerns are addressed.

AI-imputed and crowdsourced price data show strong agreement with traditional price surveys in data-scarce environments.

Continuous access to up-to-date food price data is crucial for monitoring food security and responding swiftly to emerging risks. However, in many food-insecure countries, price data is often delayed, lacks spatial detail, or is unavailable during crises when markets may become inaccessible, and rising prices can rapidly exacerbate hunger. Recent innovations, such as AI-driven data imputation and crowdsourcing, present new opportunities to generate continuous, localized price data. This paper evaluates the reliability of these approaches by comparing them to traditional enumerator-led data collection in northern Nigeria, a region affected by conflict, food insecurity, and data scarcity. The analysis examines crowdsourced prices for two staple food commodities, maize and rice, submitted daily by volunteers through a smartphone application over 36 months (2019-2021), and compares them with data collected concurrently by trained enumerators during the final eight months of 2021. Additionally, the crowdsourced dataset is compared to AI-imputed prices from the World Bank's Real-Time Prices (RTP) database. Data from the alternative methods reflected similar price inflation trends during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pearson's correlation coefficients indicate strong statistical agreement between crowdsourced and enumerator-collected prices (r = 0.94 for yellow and white maize, r = 0.96 for Indian rice, and r = 0.78 for Thailand rice). Furthermore, the crowdsourced data shows a high correlation with the AI-imputed prices (r = 0.99 for maize, and r = 0.94 for rice). The results from additional statistical tests of normality and paired means shows that the discrepancies between price datasets are consistent with measurement error rather than differences in actual price dynamics. Further tests of equivalence confirmed that enumerator and crowdsourced prices represent the same underlying market processes for specific commodity subtypes, and connotes that crowdsourced price data is a credible reference for validating AI-imputed estimates. The results support the use of AI imputation and crowdsourcing methods to improve price data collection and track market dynamics in near real time. These data innovations can be particularly valuable in areas that are underrepresented in national aggregate data due to limited monitoring capacity, and where high-frequency local data can aid targeted interventions.

Interlinkages Between Agri‐Food Trade and the SDGs at the Global, Regional and Local Level

ABSTRACTThis study is a structured review on the interlinkages between agri‐food trade and the SDGs in the environmental, social and economic dimensions to identify any missed opportunities that agri‐food trade could positively impact the SDGs and provide policy guidance for the missed opportunities at the global, regional and national levels. A great deal of diversity in the papers at the global level, and papers at the regional level are similar, but there is additional analysis on promoting regional markets and value chains. Papers at the local level are product‐specific to emphasise how the trade of specific agricultural commodities would affect the achievement of particular SDGs in question. There is a concern regarding whether agri‐food trade can promote sustainability and the attainment of the SDGs. This is particularly important given that gains from trade are not entirely equitable. Questions relating to concrete innovations, policies and behavioural changes that can ensure systemic transformations remain critical and need to be addressed.

ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ РИНКІВ ВИРОБНИЧИХ РЕСУРСІВ

The article is devoted to the issue of the functioning of markets for production resources. The essence of the market as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon is revealed, which is a set of relations associated with the purchase and sale of goods and services. Market relations are regulated by the ratio of demand and supply, as well as the method of interaction between producers and consumers, which is based on the price component. The market is an intermediate link between production and consumption and the sphere of entrepreneurial activity. The possibilities of enterprises to achieve economic goals are resource-limited in physical, economic and legal aspects. A market system is a set of interconnected markets that cover various areas of human activity. The commodity market functions through the interaction of producers, traders, and consumers through the determination of the price of raw materials that underpin the global economy. A resource used to produce a certain amount of economic goods for profit is capital, which exists in various forms: material (physical capital) and monetary (financial capital). The demand for capital, as for any factor of production, depends on its marginal profitability. Land as a factor of production differs from capital in that it does not have the ability to reproduce. The legal basis for the creation of a land market was laid by the adoption of the new Land Code in Ukraine. The labor market is a specific commodity market, one of the most complex, as it encompasses not only the goods offered, but also a whole complex of social and labor relations, the quality of which will determine the efficiency of using the goods themselves. The course of processes in the labor market determines the level of wages. The demand of an enterprise for a productive resource is a derived demand and depends on the consumer's demand for its final product. Such productive resources as land, labor, and capital are productive and interdependent. The supply of resources in the market changes under the influence of price and non-price factors. In the modern world, the use of more progressive and expensive resources, such as innovative entrepreneurial abilities, digital resources, is becoming more relevant, which causes an increase in the role of intellectual capital in production activities. Ukrainian digital markets are developing extremely rapidly and have great potential to ensure the growth of the country's economy and competition, including at the international level.

Assessing the transmission of global market volatility to Moroccan food prices: a VECM-based analysis with forecast error variance decomposition

PurposeThis paper examines the transmission of global food (GF) and global energy (GE) volatilities to the Moroccan food market, focusing on both aggregated and specific commodities such as dairy, meat and oils and fats.Design/methodology/approachUsing monthly data from September 2009 to June 2024, a vector error correction model (VECM) was estimated to capture short-run and long-run dynamics. The analysis is complemented by impulse response functions (IRFs) and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) to provide insights into the transmission mechanisms.FindingsThe results indicate an increased sensitivity of the Moroccan food market, particularly following the 2021 price spikes. The study identifies energy input costs, particularly related to fertilizers and transportation, as primary transmission mechanisms. Additionally, the real effective exchange rate (REER) also significantly influences the Moroccan food market.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research could explore the transmission from oil derivatives, such as gasoline and fuel, which are directly used in agricultural activities, to provide a more comprehensive understanding.Social implicationsUnderstanding the transmission of global shocks to domestic markets can help in developing strategies to enhance food security and protect consumers from price volatility.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by comprehensively analyzing the direct and indirect transmission mechanisms from global food and energy markets to the Moroccan food market, with policy implications to enhance price stability.

ANALYZING SOCIAL MEDIA SENTIMENT TOWARD SPECIFIC COMMODITIES FOR FORECASTING PRICE MOVEMENTS IN COMMODITY MARKETS

This study adopts a systematic literature review to analyze social media sentiment towards specific commodities to enhance the accuracy of price movement forecasts in commodity markets. Drawing from the field of applied mathematics, the research gathered literature from Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. A rigorous search strategy yielded 66 journal articles, with 30 being selected for their close relevance to keywords such as "social media sentiment," "commodity markets," and "price forecasting." Results indicate that social media sentiment significantly influences commodity prices, with particular variations based on commodity type and geographical context. Specific sentiment factors—especially intensity, polarity, and timing—were found to have a pronounced impact on price dynamics, with sentiment polarity being particularly influential in volatile markets. Additionally, advanced analytical methods, like Bayesian Dynamic Linear Models and LSTM neural networks, enhance predictive accuracy when applied to sentiment analysis in this context. These findings underscore the value of social media sentiment in refining forecasting models, while also highlighting gaps in understanding regional sentiment variations and their effects on different commodity types. By synthesizing these insights, this study emphasizes the importance of considering social media sentiment for more accurate price predictions and identifies key areas for future research to explore the multifaceted impacts of sentiment in commodity markets.

Korea–China Trade Dynamics: Exploring the Role of Crude Oil Prices

ABSTRACTThis research examines the short‐ and long‐term impacts of macroeconomic variables, such as real income levels and exchange rates, on Korea's trade flows with China, focusing on 33 specific commodity groups. By employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology, this study incorporates oil‐related factors – namely crude oil prices and their volatility – into traditional export and import models. The results demonstrate that real income levels in Korea and China considerably influence trade dynamics, affecting exports and imports across various periods. The bilateral exchange rate has a significant impact, with its effects being more pronounced on exports in the long term and imports in the short term. Furthermore, the research highlights that crude oil prices and their volatility significantly, yet varied, affect trade flows, contingent on the trade's nature and duration. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, particularly in understanding the recent shifts in Korea's trade balance with China and in formulating economic and trade strategies to manage fluctuations in the trade balance.

Policy coherence of price controls on food and noncommunicable disease prevention, WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions.

Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death and disability globally, with suboptimal diet being a significant risk factor. Fiscal policies that promote nutritious foods have been identified as part of a best-practice package of interventions and are a focus for governments in the current context of rising food prices. Price controls are a strategy that governments commonly apply to limit mark-up on prices of specific foods, with the aim of protecting consumers and promoting food security. To date, which specific foods are being placed under price controls is unclear. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the use of food price controls in 10 Member States of the World Health Organization South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions, which have price controls on specific food commodities. The types of foods and beverages under price controls differed considerably. Many of these foods and beverages (for example, sugar-sweetened beverages and instant noodles) were not aligned with global recommendations for healthy diets and the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Price controls are being implemented by government agencies for finance or commerce, which are generally separate from the agencies overseeing the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Therefore, an opportunity exists for policy-makers to strengthen policy coherence of price controls on food and the prevention of diet-related noncommunicable diseases.

Strategising the behavior of exporters in target global markets

International trade is an important component of economic growth, so it is important to find an effective way to enter international markets that will bring positive results in both the short and long term. The study provides recommendations on how exporters should enter international markets, as exports enhance economic development and a country’s position in the global economy. Nowadays, the issue of entering the international market is closely related to the tools for supporting and promoting exports, as the market is highly competitive. The article identifies economic and additional incentive instruments for export promotion. Economic instruments include financial and tax instruments, while additional incentives are based on the use of administrative and marketing measures. An important part of the work is the analysis of global trends in commodity exports, which make it clear the importance of specific commodity sectors. The study also includes methods and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the export support system, which allows countries to measure the impact of export support and promotion activities, as the effectiveness of instruments for one country will not always have the same effectiveness in another country. Since the start of the full-scale invasion, Ukrainian exporters have faced many challenges, which is why effective strategy is of paramount importance for the country’s development. One of the biggest problems in Ukraine’s exports is the high volume of raw material exports and the high number of imported value-added products, which is why the issue of export support and promotion is a relevant topic of research. The key regions for Ukrainian exports were selected in this study: European, Asian, American, African, Australian and Oceania. The choice of regions is based on the strategy of diversifying export markets. Ukraine already needs to minimise risks in international trade in order to avoid risks that may arise when it joins the European Union, as our national economic interests closely overlap with other countries of this integration association. The recommendations provided to Ukrainian exporters have been adapted to specific parts of the region that have certain peculiarities. At the end of the description of important aspects for entering the market of a particular region, promising sectors have been suggested based on the importance of this industry for the country or region.

Yield growth patterns of food commodities: Insights and challenges.

Understanding global food production and productivity patterns is crucial for policy and investment decisions aimed at addressing poverty, food insecurity, and climate change. This paper develops comprehensive calorific-based production and yield indices for 144 crops, covering 98% of global agricultural land and food output. These indices provide standardized measures across various crops and varieties, facilitating comparison of agricultural productivity and consolidating country and regional contributions to global food production. Utilizing a Box-Cox transformation, we find that a linear model best approximates yield growth. Our findings reveal that, at an aggregate level, there has been no discernable slowdown in global yield growth over the past six decades. This translates into an average annual yield increase equivalent to nearly 33 kilograms of wheat per hectare. These results suggest that any observed deceleration in specific commodities, regions, or countries, has been offset by gains in others. While these findings are reassuring from a global food supply perspective, caution is warranted about the sustainability of production and the affordability of food. These concerns are particularly relevant as global food demand increases due to population and income growth, and as the pressures from climate change intensify. The study underscores the importance of adopting strategic and sustainable agricultural practices to ensure continued food security in the face of evolving global challenges.

Labour, Enclosure, and Form in World Literature

For Sarah Brouillette, “recent accounts of world literature have preferred to highlight works with congenial political tendencies rather than grounding their analysis in the sociology of high art and the shifting fortunes of literature’s social effects”. In this essay, I attempt to bring together the textual analysis of combined and uneven development as it manifests “in both […] form and content”, and Brouillette’s “sociology” of culture. In its representation of the uneven development of Haiti, Dany Laferrière’s 2006 novel Vers le sud (translated as Heading South in 2009 by Wayne Grady) constitutes a critical engagement with the process of cultural enclosure, whereby ecologies, cultural artefacts and practices, and “intangible heritage” are privatized and marketed. The novel is attentive to the multiple forms of enclosure obtaining in Haiti – corporeal, cultural, and spatial. I analyse one peculiar feature of the cultural enclosure, namely its conception of culture as a natural phenomenon rather than a product of labour, which can be repeatedly reframed as an inexhaustible source of value. Similarly, Laferrière’s representation of sex work in Haiti shows how young men’s bodies are racialized and fetishized as desirable objects within a shadowy neoliberal sex tourism industry, but fetishized in such a way as to evacuate this most embodied form of labour of any corporeal reality. This highly uneven economic settlement – whereby workers whose labour is obfuscated sit in close proximity to wealthy tourists and the elite hotels and tennis clubs of Haiti – is registered, I suggest, at the level of form in Heading South. In this way Heading South dramatizes the specific commodity logic obtaining in a ruthlessly restructured postcolonial economy such as Haiti’s, and the relationship between this and the regime of cultural enclosure.

Global Freight Transport Emissions Responsibility.

The transportation of freight by land, sea and air underpins the complex network of global trade in physical commodities. Greenhouse gas emissions from freight transportation are a significant component of global emissions and are predicted to grow in coming decades. However, the inclusion of freight transport in emissions accounts and environmental impact studies is often incomplete. Both data availability and difficulties in allocating freight emissions to specific commodity trades contributes to this. In this study, international freight movements by transport mode are estimated from the bottom-up by imputing global freight transport routes. Emissions are estimated from these freight movements and integrated with a global multiregional input-output model. This enables the calculation of carbon footprints that are complete with respect to freight emissions. We estimate that global freight transport emissions contributed 2.8 Gt CO2-equiv in 2012, or about 41% of total transport emissions. In general, freight footprints contribute about 9% to national emissions footprints. While trade in physical commodities (such as construction materials, food and fossil fuels) are associated with the largest embodied freight emissions, services (such as public administration, education and health) also require significant freight transport. Using a consumption-based allocation of freight transport emissions allows the decarbonisation of other sectors to be complementary to the decarbonisation of transport through reduction in demand, for example through material efficiency strategies. To drive decarbonisation in maritime transport it is critical to include bunker emissions in national emissions inventories, thereby completing the system boundary.

Impact of various fairness-based distribution models on supply chain networks from the perspective of customer satisfaction

This study investigates the effectiveness of two fairness-based distribution approaches—type I and type II—in enhancing the resilience of supply chain networks (SCNs) during disruptions. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on supply chain management by offering insights into how fairness principles can be applied to improve the restoration of disrupted networks. A mixed-integer programming model was developed to simulate these fairness-based distribution strategies, focusing on a water supply chain network of a privet company in Saudi Arabia. The SCN consists of a single supplier and ten demand nodes, each requiring multiple commodities. The model was tested under 100 random disruption scenarios, each reducing the capacity of randomly selected network segments. The performance of each fairness-based distribution approach was evaluated based on how quickly and effectively the SCN returned to its required service levels (SLs) across all demand nodes. Results indicate that Fairness Distribution Type I, which aims to minimize unmet demand across the entire network, generally outperformed Type II in terms of speed and efficiency. Type I was more effective at restoring SLs quickly at most nodes, while Type II showed localized advantages, particularly in restoring SLs for specific commodities at select nodes. The study concludes that while Type I is more suited for overall supply chain recovery, Type II may be beneficial in scenarios requiring focused recovery at specific demand nodes. These findings provide actionable insights for supply chain managers seeking to enhance network resilience through fairness-based distribution strategies, and suggest avenues for future research on hybrid and context-specific approaches.

Agricultural Productivity and Climate Mitigation

Agriculture will play a central role in meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets, as the sector currently contributes ∼22% of global emissions. Because emissions are directly tied to resources employed in farm production, such as land, fertilizer, and ruminant animals, the productivity of input use tends to be inversely related to emissions intensity. We review evidence on how productivity gains in agriculture have contributed to historical changes in emissions, how they affect land use emissions both locally and globally, and how investments in research and development (R&D) affect productivity and therefore emissions. The world average agricultural emissions intensity fell by more than half since 1990, with a strong correlation between a region's agricultural productivity growth and reduction in emissions intensity. Additional investment in agricultural R&D offers an opportunity for cost-effective (<US$30 per ton carbon dioxide) and large-scale emissions reductions. Innovations that target specific commodities or inputs could even further reduce the cost of climate mitigation in agriculture.

The Potential for High‑tech Exports from Selected EU Member States to China and the Related Opportunities Arising from the Belt and Road Initiative

The EU’s economic relations with China are characterised by a significant trade deficit. Enhancing EU exports of high-tech products, in particular, to China is the best way out of this imbalance. In doing so, EU countries can take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) that intends to improve connectivity between Europe and Asia. Objective: This study aims to identify the untapped potential for high-tech exports of selected EU countries in trade with China and to evaluate the opportunities arising from the BRI in utilising this potential. Research Design & Methods: To assess the overall high-tech export potential of selected EU countries to China, the export gap was calculated using the concept of revealed comparative advantages. Findings: Among the examined EU countries, Hungary and the Czech Republic were found to have the greatest high-tech export growth potential to China. The largest export gaps were recorded in electrical machinery and equipment. Implications & Recommendations: The findings of the study can be used by European businesses to adjust their export strategies. It can also be used by government institutions of the studied countries when designing their economic and trade policies, particularly vis-à-vis China and the BRI initiative, within the field of supporting infrastructure projects, as well as high-tech industries. Contribution & Value Added: The study contributes to the literature on the potential of EU export growth to China that has not been sufficiently explored yet. The novelty of the study is in identifying specific high-tech commodities with the highest potential for export to China.

Unlocking Kenya's Export Potential: Opportunities in the African Continental Free Trade Area

Regional trade agreements enhance export market prospects by providing preferential access. Since 1986, Kenya has embraced an export-led growth strategy, unswervingly executing trade liberalization through bilateral, regional, and multilateral trade agreements. This study assesses Kenya's export potential within the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) framework, intent on its bilateral trade prospects with six AfCFTA member states namely Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Mauritius, Tanzania and Tunisia. Utilizing the stochastic frontier gravity model, the analysis discloses that Kenya’s average export potential is strong, with potential rates of 94% for Cameroon and Tunisia, 66% for Mauritius, 93% for Egypt, 66% for Ghana, and 56% for Tanzania. The findings show that African states possess considerable export potential in agricultural and value-added products. To capitalize on this potential, it is critical to identify specific commodities that align with markets where Kenya's strengths are positioned. The study concludes that a targeted strategy focusing on specific goods for specific markets, along with increased export of agro-processed products through value addition and diversification, can effectively harness this potential.

Пазарните сътресения при електрическите автомобили и проблемите, които причиняват на пристанищата и веригите за доставки

Cars are a specific commodity: on the one hand, they represent an independent product that is delivered in individual units, but on the other hand, their dimensions do not allow them to be stored in conventional warehouses of any style. The precipitous decline in sales of electric vehicles has far-reaching consequences that are not apparent at first glance. In Europe, more new cars are currently imported than sold, and this leads to major financial and logistical problems. Just one car takes up to ten square meters of space when not in use. This creates huge problems at car port terminals. In Germany, these are two terminals – those in Emden and Bremerhaven. The one in Bremerhaven is one of the largest car ports in the world. Changed ratio Terminal operator BLG Logistics Group annually handles more than 1.7 million vehicles, with the port having capacity for around 70,000 vehicles. But in recent years,the processing of cars has changed, with 80% export and 20% import observed for many years. Now that ratio is 50:50.

Application of ARIMA Model to Forecast Corn Prices in Mexico

Corn is an essential grain in the Mexican culinary, cultural and social heritage. However, the volatility in corn prices brings uncertainty to agricultural farmers and has caused an increase in imports of the grain from other countries. The purpose of this study is to use time-series models regularly applied in finance to an agricultural commodity and forecast corn prices in Mexico. The study employs autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to forecast prices in 2024 and 2025 using data on average rural prices of grain corn from the period 1980 to 2023 The results contribute to a theoretical discussion on employing statistical tools to reduce market uncertainty on agricultural commodities and provide empirical practical results on corn prices for decision making. The results are innovative in using the ARIMA statistical tool to analyze a specific commodity (corn) in a specific market (Mexico). The conclusions of the study suggest an upward trend in corn prices for 2024 and 2025, however, price stagnation and uncertainty is observed. Although government policies have introduced price guarantees for corn in Mexico, they only cover less than 3% of total production. Future studies should analyze price divergence by regions or states in Mexico.

Understanding and classifying the raw water transfer invasion pathway

AbstractRaw Water Transfer (RWT) schemes move large volumes of freshwater between separate waterbodies to supply water as a specific commodity. Water is translocated by complex purpose-built networks of pipelines, tunnels and water supply canals. RWTs form hydrological connections between waterbodies across various spatial scales, and create a pathway of introduction and spread for a diverse range of invasive non-native species (INNS). Though occurring globally in large numbers, RWTs are not currently well represented by the standard pathway classification framework adopted by the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). At present, RWTs are included within the ‘corridor’ category, which denotes the natural spread of organisms to neighbouring regions through transport infrastructure i.e. navigable canals/artificial waterways. However, RWTs are not routes for vehicle transport, and species are translocated between often non-adjoining waterbodies by the intentional transfer of water, not via natural spread. We provide a background for the complex RWT pathway and evidence of INNS spread through RWT schemes globally, and explore several options for improved RWT classification within the CBD framework—we recommend that the current corridor category is modified slightly to accommodate the addition of RWTs as a distinct sub-category, as separate from a clearly defined ‘navigable canal/artificial waterways’ sub-category. Accurate classification will increase understanding and awareness of this high-risk pathway, and support much-needed insight into its distinct stakeholders and drivers. Further, delineating RWTs from navigable canals/artificial waterways will help to identify widespread opportunities for pathway management and policy development, in addition to supporting more accurate future assessments of the risks and economic costs of the corridor pathway category.