Premna Species Research Articles

Premna integrifolia: A Review on the Exploration of its Potential Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties

Abstract: Several Premna species can be found over the entire tropical and subtropical regions of Australia, Asia, and Africa. Many conventional herbal preparations using P. integrifolia (Lamiaceae) have been reported for their potential health advantages. The P. integrifolia is taxonomically ambiguous because of the wide variation in specimens obtained from various geographic locations. The plant is extensively used to treat immune-related disorders, skin conditions, inflammatory conditions, and stomach issues. The root of P. integrifolia is broadly utilized in the manufacture of Ayurvedic pharmaceutical products, such as Dasamula Kvatha and Chayawanprash Avaleha. It has also been identified to have antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antifungal properties. The current study aims to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of P. integrifolia against various cancers, as well as its antiinflammatory activity, antidiabetic, cardiac-stimulant, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antiarthritic, antiparasitic, and wound healing activity, as well as the presence of various secondary metabolites in different parts of the plant used in a variety of formulations.

Phytochemical Analysis and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Three Species of Premna L. from Kerala

Phytochemical Analysis and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Three Species of Premna L. from Kerala

Pesticidal Activities of Callicarpa and Premna Essential Oils From Vietnam

Mosquito-borne diseases are a consistent problem in Vietnam. Additionally, freshwater snail species are agricultural pests and are known to be intermediate hosts for several parasitic worms. There is a need for new and complementary botanical pesticidal agents for controlling these pests and essential oils have shown promise. In this work, essential oils from 2 species of Callicarpa ( C. rubella and C. sinuata) and 4 species of Premna ( P. chevalieri, P. corymbosa, P. maclurei, and P. tomentosa) were screened for mosquito larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus and for molluscicidal activity against 3 freshwater snail species, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Pomacea canaliculata, and Tarebia granifera. Callicarpa rubella essential oil showed exceptional larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with 24-h LC50 of 9.8 μg/mL. In addition to C. rubella, the essential oils of P. chevalieri and P. tomentosa showed notable molluscicidal activities against P. canaliculata with LC90 values ≤ 20 μg/mL. These Callicarpa and Premna essential oils were all rich in sesquiterpenes and should be considered for continued investigation as botanical pesticidal agents.

Taxonomy, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Characteristics to Identify the Authentic and Substitute Botanical Sources Used as Agnimantha

The roots of Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f. is known to be used as Agnimantha in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Whereas literature emerged from various texts reports other species of Premna as Agnimantha that leads to controversies in usage of authentic drug source. Hence the study aims to develop pharmacognosy characteristics to identify the authentic and substitute sources of Agnimantha. The Ayurvedic verses prescribed for Agnimantha compliance with Clerodendrum phlomidis, Premna serratifolia and Premna mollissima. Whereas the vertically fissured stem found prominent in Clerodendrum phlomidis. Likewise cork region is composed of homogenous cells with grouped and scattered calcium oxalate crystals, without oils. Whereas heterogeneous cells with oils and scattered calcium oxalate crystals are found in Premna serratifolia and Premna mollissima. Similarly phytosterols found unique in Clerodendrum phlomidis roots. The developed HPTLC method serves as tool to identify and distinguish the authentic from substitute and adulterants. Enthrallingly quantitative HPLC analysis revealed the presence of verbascoside in all sources of Agnimantha and comparatively more in substitutes. Hence the study concludes that roots of Clerodendrum phlomidis is authentic source of Agnimantha, where Premna serratifolia and Premna mollissima forms the equivalent substitutes.

<p><strong><em>Premna caridantha</em> (Lamiaceae: Permnoideae), a distinct new species from Kachin State, northern Myanmar</strong></p>

A distinct new species of Premna, P. caridantha which was discovered from Putao District, Kachin State, northern Myanmar, is described and illustrated here. It is characterized by having large and intricate paniculiform inflorescences which branch three times with the terminal branch formed by a spike-like thyrse, zygomorphic corolla with a short-incurved tube, and a bright yellowish spot on the middle lob of the lower corolla lip. The species is most similar to P. grandipaniculata but clearly differs in leaf shape and corolla characters. Premna caridantha is the fourth species having spike-like thyrses in Premna and the third new Premna species recently discovered from northern Myanmar.

Premna Species in Vietnam: Essential Oil Compositions and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities.

Essential oils have emerged as viable alternatives to synthetic insecticides for control of mosquito-borne pathogens. The leaf essential oils of eight species of Premna (Lamiaceae) growing in central Vietnam have been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons dominated most of the Premna essential oils, with the notable exception of Premna mekongensis from Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, which had α-pinene as the major component. Larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti have been determined and all of the Premna essential oils showed larvicidal activity with 24-h LC50 < 65 μg/mL. The leaf essential oils of Premna cambodiana from Chu Mom Ray National Park and Premna mekongensis from Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve showed the best larvicidal activities with 24-h LC50 of 16.8 and 18.0 μg/mL, respectively. The essential oil compositions and larvicidal activities of P. cambodiana, Premna flavescens, Premna maclurei, P. mekongensis, and Premna puberula are reported for the first time. Although the larvicidal activities of Premna leaf essential oils are promising, the essential oil yields are relatively low (0.10–0.25%).

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Premna angolensis and Premna quadrifolia, Two Lamiaceae from Côte d’Ivoire

This study was conducted with the objective of contributing to the valorization of aromatic and medicinal plants of Côte d’Ivoire. The essential oil (EO) of the leaves of two species of Premna, P. angolensis and P. quadrifolia obtained through steam distillation process, were analized through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and their antimicrobial activities was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The yields of EO extracted from the leaves of P. angolensis and P. quadrifolia are respectively 0.10 ± 0.02% and 0.40 ± 0.02%. 99.43% of the total chemical composition of the EO of P. angolensis leaves, are composed mainly of hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (71.90%) followed by oxygenates (14.16%) and monoterpenes (13.22%). The main compounds found are β-caryophyllene (33.07%) and Humulene (10.78%). The EO of P. quadrifofia leaves, 99.59% of the composition was identified. It contains hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (89.15%), followed by oxygenates compounds (8.61%) and monoterpenes (1.83%). The major compounds are αbulnesene (23.33%), germacrene D (18.83%) and caryophyllene (18.06%). The antimicrobial tests have shown that EO of P. quadrifolia leaves has no activites on studied strains and P. angolensis oil has a mild activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsielle pneumoneae and a weak sensibility on Staphylococcus aureus CIP 4.83 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. This study highlights chemical composition of the EO from P. angolensis and P. quadrifolia leaves. It shows more similarities of the chemical compositions of these two species of Premna and the interesting antimicrobial activity potential of P. angolensis EO

A Review on Two Endemic Species of Genus Premna and their Conservational Importance

The genus Premna (Lamiaceae-APG IV) consists of about 200 species that are native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the Pacific islands. The species ofPremna are well known for their medicinal properties and have been used in Indian traditional system of medicine especially for diarrhoea, stomach and hepatic disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight two endemic species Premna rajendranii and Premna paucinervisand their importance of conservation. This review also helps to summarize the recent advances in the studies on genus Premna, its endemic status and their distribution in Western Ghats.&#x0D; Keywords: Endemism, Western Ghats, Premna rajendranii, Premna paucinervis

Inhibition of Human Platelet Aggregation and Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Premna foetida Extract and Its Major Compounds

Many Premna species have been used in traditional medicine to treat hypertension and cardiac insufficiency, and as a tonic for cardiac-related problems. Some have been reported to possess cardiovascular protective activity through several possible mechanisms, but not Premna foetida. In the present study, the methanol extract of P. foetida leaves (PFM) and its isolated compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit copper-mediated human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and arachidonic acid (AA)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. Six flavonoids, three triterpenoids, vanillic acid and stigmasterol were successfully isolated from PFM. Of the isolated compounds, quercetin was the most active against LDL oxidation (IC50 4.25 µM). The flavonols were more active than the flavones against LDL oxidation, suggesting that hydroxyl group at C-3 and the catechol moiety at B-ring may play important roles in protecting LDL from oxidation. Most tested flavonoids showed stronger inhibition towards AA-induced than the ADP-induced platelet aggregation with apigenin exhibiting the strongest effect (IC50 52.3 and 127.4 µM, respectively) while quercetin and kaempferol showed moderate activity. The results suggested that flavonoids, especially quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol were among the major constituents of P. foetida responsible for anti-LDL oxidation and anti-platelet aggregation.

Premna grandipaniculata (Lamiaceae, Premnoideae), a remarkable new species from north Myanmar.

A remarkable new Premna species from Myanmar, P. grandipaniculata Y.H.Tan & Bo Li (Lamiaceae), is here described and illustrated. It differs from all known congeneric taxa by having huge complicated panicles which have tertiary branches formed by spike-like thyrses. In Premna, such a spike-like thyrse is found in P. bracteata and P. interrupta, but those species can be easily distinguished from P. grandipaniculata by their habit, indumentum, leaf size and inflorescence structure.

Petiolar Anatomical Characters and its Taxonomic Significance in some Species of Premna L. (Lamiaceae)

Petiolar Anatomical Characters and its Taxonomic Significance in some Species of Premna L. (Lamiaceae)

A new species of the genusPremnaL. (Lamiaceae) from Western Ghats of India

A new species of Premna L., Premna rajendranii, is described from the Kerala and Tamil Nadu parts of Western Ghats. Detailed description, colour photographs, phenology, conservation status, distributional details and relevant taxonomic notes are provided along with a key to the Premna spp. distributed in Kerala.

In vitro antileishmanial effects of antibacterial diterpenes from two Ethiopian Premna species: P. schimperi and P. oligotricha

BackgroundThree antibacterial diterpenes: (5R,8R,9S,10R)-12-oxo-ent-3,13(16)-clerodien-15-oic acid (1), 16-hydroxy-clerod-3,13(14)-diene-15,16-olide (2) and ent-12-oxolabda-8,13(16)-dien-15-oic acid (3) were previously isolated form Premna schimperi and P. oligotricha. Since andrographolide and other structurally related diterpenes were shown to have antileishmanial activity, the aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro effect of premna diterpenes against Leishmania aethiopica; the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.ResultsThe diterpenes showed potent concentration-dependant suppressive effect on the viability of axenically cultured amastigotes of L. aethiopica. The clerodane diterpenes 1 and 2 were most active (LD50 values 1.08 and 4.12 μg/ml respectively) followed by andrographolide and 3. Compounds 1 and 2 appear to be over 20 and 10-times respectively more selective to leishmania amastigotes than the permissive host cell line, THP-1 cells or the promastigotes stage of the parasites.ConclusionThe clerodane diterpenes (1, 2) which were more potent and selective than labdanes (andrographolide and 3) are promising for further studies and/or development.

Flavonoids from Three Ethiopian Species of Premna

Two novel hepta-oxygenated flavonols have been isolated from the aerial parts of Premna oligotricha and identified, primarily on the basis of N M R spectroscopy, as 3,5,5'-trihydroxy- 6,7,3',4'-tetram ethoxyflavone (2) and 3,5,7,5'-tetrahydroxy-6,3',4'-trim ethoxyflavone (3). Known flavonoids, with lower levels of oxygenation were obtained from two other Premna species, P. schimperi and P. recinosa.