๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ง๋ฐฉ์์น๋จ์ฒด๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋จ์ํ๊ต๋ก ์ง์ ์ง์๋ ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ ๋ฑ ๋น๋ฒ์ ์ด์ ์์
๊ธ์ก์ ๋ํ์ฌ ํ๊ต๊ธ๋ณ, ์์ฌ์ง๋ณ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ ๋๋ก ๊ต์ก์ฌ์ ๊ณตํ์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ ํฅํ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ชจ์ํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ํด์ 2014โผ2016๋
๊ฒฐ์ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค ์ง๋ฐฉ๊ต์ก์ฌ์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์ ํ๊ต์๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ ์ด 7,004๊ฐ๊ต์ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ฃผ์ ๋ณ์๋ณ ์ฐจ์ด๋ถ์๊ณผ ๋ณ์ด๊ณ์, ์ง๋๊ณ์๋ฅผ ํตํ ๊ต์ก์ฌ์ ๊ณตํ์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฃผ์ ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ชจ๋ ์ยท๋๊ต์ก์ฒญ์์ ํ๊ต๊ธ๋ณ ๊ณตํ์ฑ ์ง์์ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ ํฐ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋์งธ, ํ์ 1์ธ๋น ๋จ์ํ๊ต ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ์ ํ๊ต๊ธ๋ณ, ํ๊ต ์์ฌ์ง๋ณ๋ก ์ ์๋ฏธํ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ ํ๊ต๊ธ์์ ํน์์ง์ญ(๋์/๋ฒฝ์ง)์ ํ์ 1์ธ๋น ๋จ์ํ๊ต ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ ์์ค์ด ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ๊ณ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ํน์ฑํ ๊ณ ๊ต์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๊ด์ญ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์๋ก ํ์ 1์ธ๋น ๋จ์ํ๊ต ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ ์์ค์ด ๋ฎ์๋ค. ์
์งธ, ํน๋ณยท๊ด์ญ์์ ๋์ง์ญ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถํ์ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ๊ต๊ธ๋ณ ํ์ 1์ธ๋น ๋จ์ํ๊ต ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ์ ๊ต์ก์ฌ์ ๊ณตํ์ฑ์ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ๊ต๊ธ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ ํฐ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ท์งธ, ๋์ผํ ํ๊ต๊ธ์ด๋๋ผ๋ ํน๋ณยท๊ด์ญ์ ๋ฐ ๋์ง์ญ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๊ต์ก์ฌ์ ๊ณตํ์ฑ ์ง์์์ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ํนํ ํน๋ณยท๊ด์ญ์ ๋๋น ๋์ง์ญ์ ๊ต์ก์ฌ์ ๊ณตํ์ฑ์ด ๋ฎ์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค. ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ ๋๋ก ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ ์ ๋์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ์ด ํ๊ตํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋จ์ํ๊ต์ ์ง์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง์ํ ์ ์๋ ์์จ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์ฌ์์ด๋ผ ํ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฐ๋๋ณ, ํ๊ต๊ธ๋ณ, ์ง์ญ๋ณ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋งค๋
ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก ํ๊ต๊ธ, ์์ฌ์ง, ํน๋ณยท๊ด์ญ์/๋์ง์ญ ๊ตฌ๋ถ ๋ฐ ํ๊ต๊ท๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ์ฌ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ํ์ํฌ ์ ์๋ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ๊ทน ๊ฐ๊ตฌํ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค. ๋์งธ, ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ์ด ํน์ ํ๊ต์ ์ง์ค๋์ง ์๊ณ ์ง์ญ ๋ด ํ๊ต ๊ฐ์ ๊ณตํํ๊ฒ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๋ ์ ์๋๋ก ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ฐธ์ฌ์์ฐ์ ๋์ ์ฐ๊ณ์ํค๊ณ ์ง๋ฐฉ๊ต์ก์ฌ์ ๋ถ์์งํ์ ๊ต์ก๊ฒฝ๋น๋ณด์กฐ๊ธ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ ๋ฐ ์ด์์ ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ์ ํ๊ฐํ ์ ์๋ ์งํ๋ฅผ ์ถ๊ฐํ ํ์๊ฐ ์๋ค.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the equity in the educational finance based on the gap of the non-regulated transfer revenue such as the education expense grant, that is directly supported by the local government to each school, between the schools and between the school locations, and seek an improvement proposal. The conclusion drawn from the analysis is as follows. First, in all the Metropolitan and Provincial Offices of Education, the gap between the schools is huge in terms of the equity index. Second, in regard to the education expense grant per student of each school, there is a significant difference between the schools and between the school locations. In all the schools, the education expense grant per student of each school located in the special region(island/remote area) is higher than any other region. In case of the general high school and the specialized high school, the larger the district that the school is located in is, the lower education expense grant per student of each school is. Third, we evaluate the equity in the education finance by analyzing the education expense grant per student of each school after dividing the schools depending on the school location into Seoul metropolitan city, other metropolitan cities and the provinces. As a result of it, there is a huge gap between the schools. Fourth, though respectively different schools belong to a same categorized level, there is a difference in the equity index of the education finance depending on whether the school is located in Seoul metropolitan city or other metropolitan cities or the provinces. In particular, compared with Seoul metropolitan city and other metropolitan cities, the provinces are lower in terms of the equity index of the education finance. Though the education expense grant is the financial resource that the local government can spend at its discretion, namely can directly provide for each school, because the horizontal equality in the education finance is seriously damaged owing to the gap between years, schools, regions, thus based on the findings, this study suggests as follows. It is required that the scheme for stably managing the financial resource for a certain period of time is devised in order to ensure the equity, in addition, it is needed to consider the school category, the school location, the classification such as Seoul metropolitan city, other metropolitan city and the province, and the school size in the process of the finance management.
Read full abstract