The guidelines of the regulations that ensure coverage of health-related services under Argentine law are presented, taking into account the public, social security, and private subsystems. In this regard, the National State has advanced in establishing minimum service baskets for individuals with exclusive public coverage, through prioritized care pathways developed in coordination with the Provinces. For individuals with formal employment or private health insurance, the service basket is defined through the Mandatory Medical Program (Programa Médico Obligatorio, PMO). The Provinces determine the service coverage for their public sector and provincial social security institutions. The analysis also addresses special coverage laws enacted by the National Congress, which broaden coverage but apply varying criteria for defining the obligated parties, the scope of coverage duties, the services involved, and other aspects.

Research methodology This case is solely based on published sources. These secondary sources include company websites and news releases of major artificial intelligence (AI) firms, AI industry reports such as Stanford Artificial Intelligence Index Report, news reports that have special coverage of tech news, such as the Wired, Hardware Corner, Venture Beat and Tech Radar, popular AI platforms at GitHub and Hugging Face and AI research paper repository in AI communities at Cornell arXiv. Case overview/synopsis DeepSeek was an AI startup founded in 2023 in Hangzhou, China. The company was fully funded by a hedge fund HighFlyer, whose co-founder and CEO, Wenfeng Liang, also served as DeepSeek’s CEO. The company aimed to develop large language models (LLMs) and ultimately to build Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Due to US sanctions and embargo on advanced hardware exports to China, however, DeepSeek had to invent novel algorithms and model structures to develop stronger model capability with limited hardware resources. As such, the key to success for DeepSeek was to develop potentially game-changing architectural and algorithmic innovations. On December 26, 2024, DeepSeek launched a chat model, DeepSeek V3, with high performance at very low training costs. The initial benchmark tests indicated that DeepSeek V3 model outperformed Llama 3.1 and was comparable to GPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet. Yet, the company claimed to have trained its models in just two months at a total cost of merely $5.6m. That was the annual salary for one of those AI experts working at Meta. Initializing from the V3 model and sharing the V3 architecture, DeepSeek was planning to release its first chatbot application, the DeepSeek-R1 reasoning model, for iOS, Android, Web and application programming interface on January 20, 2025. Up to the release of the V3 model, DeepSeek’s algorithms, models and training details had been open-source, allowing its code to be used, viewed and modified by others. For the planned release of DeepSeek-R1, the company had to decide whether to continue the open-source policy or to choose closed-source, like most other firms were doing. Complexity academic level This case may be used in upper-level undergraduate and graduate classes in the fields of strategic management, innovation or business ethics. In strategic management classes, it can help students to analyze a firm’s external environment and internal strengths and weaknesses and then learn how to take advantage of the strengths to neutralize the weaknesses to cross industry entry barriers. In innovation classes, the case can help students understand how innovation takes place and how innovation can help to break industry entry barriers. In business ethics classes, students can learn how to balance firm performance and corporate social responsibility in decision-making.

In developing countries, chronic patients face dual challenges: high healthcare expenditures coupled with inadequate utilization of outpatient services. Leveraging an administrative claim dataset and applying a two-way fixed effects approach, this study makes one of the first attempts to examine the impacts of chronic disease coverage, which extends additional insurance benefits for outpatient care, on healthcare utilization and expenditures among enrollees diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes in China. The empirical results reveal a dual effect of chronic disease coverage: (1) enrollees with hypertension or diabetes experienced a substantial reduction in outpatient cost-sharing rates, leading to a significant increase in both outpatient service utilization and associated expenditures; (2) concurrently, we observed decreases in general outpatient visits without this special coverage, inpatient utilization, and corresponding expenditures. Notably, the magnitude of expenditure reduction in these non-targeted services was outweighed by the increased spending on covered outpatient services, resulting in a net increase in total healthcare expenditures. Heterogeneity analysis further demonstrates that the impacts were more pronounced among older adults, those with more comprehensive insurance benefits and residents in areas with better-endowed medical facilities. This study offers empirically validated insights for enhancing chronic disease management within medical security systems and establishing age-friendly medical insurance schemes in China as well as other developing countries.

ABSTRACT A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study evaluated years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in Cali from 2009 to 2020, using death records from the Health Secretariat. Total YPLL and its annual rate were calculated by age at death, and median YPLL values were compared across subgroups. A total of 565 registers of death records were analyzed (71.5% men; median age 56 years, range 38-70), yielding 11,238 YPLL. The highest median YPLL were observed among persons living with HIV, those in socially vulnerable situations, the uninsured or those under subsidized or special coverage, in women, and in those who re-entered after previously discontinuing treatment or experiencing a tuberculosis relapse.

This study aims to explore the awareness of flood victims in Malaysia about home insurance, especially with special coverage for perils. Insuring houses properly against perils is crucial because natural disasters like major flooding regularly hits Malaysia and causes huge losses to the victims and country. This study has prepared some literature describing the impact of regular flooding in Malaysia, which is considered as among the expensive losses in natural disaster. The literature then has explained the importance of insurance as an instrument to mitigate the risk of homeowner during flooding and relate it to a low percentage of special coverage insurance take out in Malaysia. Data collection was conducted quantitatively solely using a survey. The survey was able to get 315 responses, which could give some indications of awareness level among Malaysian towards home insurance. The survey from this study has shown that half of the respondents did not insure their house and only a quarter of the respondents have bought additional coverage for perils like flooding. Based on the results from the survey, this study can mention five reasons contributing to the situation that make people unaware of this insurance coverage. Also, this study has suggested five strategies to encourage people to buy home insurance as protection against flood in the future.

Abstract For special coverage path planning, chaos-based mobile robots present a promising solution. The robot can cover the area of interest rapidly with unpredictable trajectories. However, this unpredictability causes difficulties in trajectory control and the robot often makes sharp turns, affecting motion stability. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a universal chaos-based path planning framework for mobile robots. Firstly, a chaotic system that can generate multi-scroll and multi-wing attractors is designed to verify the effectiveness of the framework. Secondly, an integrated system consisting of mobile robots and chaos is proposed to generate chaotic trajectories. By the control parameters in the integrated system, the formation mechanism of continuous chaotic trajectories is shown, which makes the chaotic trajectory have the advantages of scaling, rotating, straightening, and bending, and the path planning no longer relies on the chaotic system only. Then, a regional path planning strategy is proposed to control the angular velocity and workspace of the robot, making its motion smooth and reducing trajectory redundancy. Experiments conducted under this framework have demonstrated its university, with various chaotic systems capable of generating efficient robot trajectories with high coverage rate. Compared with the state-of-the-art similar memoryless algorithms, the coverage task can be accomplished quickly and efficiently by our approach. Finally, the robot trajectory tracking control verifies the controllability of chaotic trajectories, and the implementation of chaotic trajectories with digital signal processing techniques further validates the feasibility of path planning frameworks.

The northern creative trips of the People's Artist of the USSR Vladimir Alexandrovich Igoshev (1921-2007) represent important and vivid pages in his creative biography. The object of this research is the creative heritage of the artist V.A. Igoshev. The subject of the study is the creative trips of the artist V.A. Igoshev to the North (Sverdlovsk and Tyumen regions) of the 1950s and 1960s. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the overall picture of the northern creative trips of the artist V.A. Igoshev of the 1950s–1960s on the basis of paintings and graphic works of the early "northern cycle", archival materials, exhibition catalogues, Soviet periodicals, individual scientific articles and information from informants. The novelty of the research lies in the most complete and detailed consideration at the moment of the issue of the northern creative trips of the artist V.A. Igoshev in the 1950s and 1960s. Previously, this topic has not received special coverage. Modern researchers of the creative heritage of the artist V.A. Igoshev in their review articles practically did not touch on this problem, limiting themselves to mentioning individual episodes from the creative biography of the master. The author of the study provides historical facts related to specific dates of trips, introduces a list of paintings and graphic works, with all the circumstances of their creation and further exposure at major art exhibitions of the 1950s and 1960s.

Most Korean citizens reside in multi-unit dwellings. In such densely populated and confined spaces, there is a significant risk of accidents, including fires. Accordingly, compulsory insurance coverage is taken out for such incidents, for example, personal injury liability insurance for fires, disasters, elevator accidents, and children's playground accidents. This paper investigates several issues regarding compulsory insurance for multi-unit dwellings and offers measures for improvement. Regulations on liability for damages by owners of special buildings in relation to fire-related disaster compensation and insurance enrollment are examined, with a specific focus on the provisions in the Act on the Indemnification for Fire-caused Loss and the Purchase of Insurance Policies that restrict the handling of bodily injury liability special coverage for fire incidents to insurance companies. Additionally, the justification behind the penalty provisions for non-enrollment in bodily injury liability special coverage for fire incidents is assessed.
 Institutions related to deductibles, like insurance companies, are involved in the administration of various compulsory insurances; however, notably, there are no limitations imposed on these institutions by other laws governing compulsory insurance. Consequently, it is unjust to confine the administration of personal injury liability insurance for fires solely to insurance companies when considering the principles of equity. Furthermore, the punitive measures for non-compliance with insurance requirements seem excessively severe.
 It is necessary to expand the scope of insurance companies specified in the Law on Personal Injury Liability Insurance for Fires to include institutions related to deductibles. Furthermore, it is deemed necessary to align the penalties for non-compliance with compulsory insurance with the sanctions imposed on other forms of compulsory insurance. Therefore, a proposal for legislative amendment is presented to address these concerns.
 This paper also examines the issue of tenants bearing the burden of insurance premiums while being excluded from the benefits of insurance. In the case of fire insurance, amendments to standard terms and conditions have been made to protect tenants. However, these amendments are yet to be incorporated into disaster insurance, leaving tenants without legal or precedential protection should disaster insurance be the only policy obtained. Therefore, a proposal for the amendment of the terms and conditions of disaster insurance is offered that includes provisions for tenant protection.
 In conclusion, this paper identified potential concerns associated with the concurrent reimbursement of liability insurance for multi-unit dwellings and internal medical expense coverage riders that are part of comprehensive medical insurance. These concerns include the potential for an increase in intentional accidents and the facilitation of excessive medical treatment. Given these concerns, this study recommends that the terms and conditions of comprehensive medical insurance be revised and proposes that medical expenses received to cover actual expenses should be compensated proportionally in accordance with insurance contracts.

Digital media have become an integral part of the journalism industry and of audience habits – in 2021 our research registered 2873 active news websites in Spain. First, this paper explores trends facing online news; it sets out the criteria used to identify a news brand as digital-native or non-native; and it presents the results of our classification. This includes: data on the presence of news titles both on proprietary platforms (print, radio, TV or app) in addition to their websites, and on external platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube and Telegram); their geographic scope (hyperlocal, local/regional or national/global); their subject (general or specialized coverage); and on ownership and language used. Almost 70% of the media were regional or local, while 60% covered general news, and one in three were linked to a print product, almost as many as those with their own app for users. Social media uptake is so widespread that more than 95% of the sites are on Facebook, with a similar number on Twitter, while more than 60% can be found on YouTube, and similarly on Instagram. Among specialized sites, sport is the largest category, comprising twice as many digital-native sites (106) than sites with traditional roots (46). The entertainment focus expands in the digital environment, and online-originated culture, business and science and technology outlets also outnumber legacy publications.

There is a need to better understand the drivers of hospital utilization for the large and growing number of adults living alone. The cumulative effect of health drivers can be assessed by initially considering clinically advised information, then considering issues that a general practitioner or the person themselves may know. Logistic regression analyses were conducted on longitudinal data from the Household, Income, and Labor Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey with three time points over four years (n = 1019). The significant predictors of overnight hospitalization were the presence of a long-term health condition (Time 1), hospitalization severity and comorbidity (Time 1), work ability (Time 2), physical functioning (Time 2), being separated/divorced and having one or more health care cards. Health issues were predictive up to four years before the hospitalization window. That baseline risk of hospitalization was modified as symptoms and relatively salient changes in functionality accumulated. Specific sub-groups of hospital users had access due to insurance or special coverage. The impact of living alone on hospitalization may be able to be partly addressed through interventions such as improving access to primary care and using early warning triggers such as decreasing functionality to seek primary care before seeking hospitalization.

In the pre-war period, an active industrial and, as a consequence, demographic growth began in Western Siberia, which continued during the Great Patriotic War. In the same years, there was a steady trend of the social sphere lagging behind the growth of industry, one of the aspects of which was the shortage of qualified personnel in healthcare, the study of the causes and ways of filling which in the post-war fifteenth anniversary is the subject of this article. Solving the problem of personnel shortage, the state used extensive and intensive tools, combining them with each other. If in the first post-war years the emphasis was placed on the quantitative increase in the physical number of medical personnel, then in the late 1940s – early 1950s, the state, within the framework of the undertaken administrative reform, made an attempt to fundamentally change approaches to the organization of work of physicians, changing the order of medical care to the population due to a more optimal use of existing resources. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the flexible innovative policy of the state to solve the personnel problem has significantly mitigated, although not completely eliminated, the shortage of personnel in urban medical institutions in Western Siberia. Unfortunately, the problem of personnel shortage in healthcare in its regional context during the specified time period did not find special coverage in the scientific literature, so the basis for the study was a layer of published and unpublished static data analyzed using general scientific and private scientific methods. Despite the fact that in the early 1970s it was decided to abandon the new model of urban healthcare, the historical experience accumulated during that period is of interest and has not lost its relevance in modern conditions of "optimization" of healthcare.

Perioperative Medicine: Managing for Outcome, 2nd Edition

ObjectiveAlthough the urban emergency workforce is well studied, rural departments are less understood. This study seeks to further define the landscape of rural healthcare and expand on previous studies of the West Virginia (WV) workforce.MethodsDuring the second quarter of 2019, surveys were sent via email to medical directors’ professional IDs as anonymous survey links. Hard copies were also sent to directors at their hospital addresses. Responses were aggregated with hospitals stratified based on annual census and rural classification. Data was interpreted through descriptive analysis.ResultsSurveys were sent to 53 departments with a 55% response rate. Of the responding hospitals, 15 of 29 were identified as rural. The average state-wide annual hospital census was 29,500 visits with board-certified emergency medicine (EM)-trained physicians covering 67% of shifts. Rural departments have a smaller census and less specialized coverage. Full-time physicians are found to have the strongest ties to WV, with 65% attending medical school, residency, or growing up in the state.ConclusionBoard-certified EM-trained physicians provide some level of coverage in most emergency departments in WV but remain underrepresented in rural locations. This specialized coverage has increased by 20% in the last 15 years. Additionally, a majority of hospitals have access to basic consulting services (surgery and primary care); however, other specialists are rare in rural WV.

This two-editor, 27-contributor, 4-section, 11-chapter text touches on the topic of biomaterial mechanics in a mixture of contributions ranging from overview to highly specialized coverage of, for example, biomaterials in cancer research. The book describes the fundamental knowledge of mechanics and its application to biomaterials. An overview of computer modeling in biomaterials is offered and multiple fields where biomaterials are used are reviewed with particular emphasis to the importance of the mechanical properties of biomaterials. The reader will obtain a better understanding of the current techniques to synthesize, characterize, and integrate biomaterials into the human body. This text is primarily a specialty item, it is not written for the generic undergraduate or graduate bioengineer. It is likely best used at the graduate applied biomaterials research level or in industry.

The activity of a teacher of music-pedagogical profile always involves the use of musical works. The latter makes it possible for teachers to use such musical works, the musical basis of which is available both for performance by the teacher and for perception by students. After all, students' perception of a teacher-performer will always be brighter than the perception of technical means for sounding a piece of music. In the classroom there is a kind of creative search for the teacher-performer (performance always requires considerable effort of imagination, creative inspiration). The teacher's verbal preface will help pupils to reproduce in their minds the necessary musical image, which serves to be a special coverage of the individual to whom there is a specific dedication of the cycle. The means of musical expression used by the composer influence the feelings of the listeners, develop their creative imagination, and the school lesson turns into a long-awaited musical meeting with the music of Bohdana Mykhailivna Filts. The piano cycle «Musical Frescoes» is an example of glorifying the musical impressions of the artist, which remained from the meeting with people of previous years, who became her friends and good acquaintances, with whom Bohdana Mykhailivna had to work in the field of Ukrainian musical art. Summing up the review of «Musical Frescoes» by Bohdana Filts, we highlight the general features of the musical language of the composer's works that influence and develop the creative potential of the future specialist, namely: application of traditional forms of musical expression (two-part and three-part musical forms); use of foreslags, soft syncopated rhythmic shifts; use of sound comparisons of polar registers; combination of homophonic-harmonic and polyphonic textures of representing musical material; emphasizing with a dynamic line the wavy development of musical phrases of the work, etc. The national character of the musical language of Bohdana Filts' works is manifested in the whole complex of expressive means of the composer's piano cycle, which provides a basis for the active use of the cycle in the educational process of various levels of musical institutions.

The purpose of the method is to increase the sensitivity of an automatically generated test suite to mutations of a model. Unlike existing methods for generating test scenarios that use the mutational approach to assess the resulting test set, the proposed method analyzes the possibility of detecting mutations on the fly, in the process of analyzing the model’s behavior space, by adding of special coverage goals. Two types of mutants manifestation are considered: deviations in the behavior of paths for (weak case) and in the observed output (strong case). A new algorithm is proposed for efficient search of a path with observable effect of a mutation.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de cobertura jornalística do Carnaval de Ponta Grossa (PR) no ano de 2019 pelos estudantes do curso de Jornalismo da UEPG participantes do projeto de extensão Cultura Plural. O projeto surgiu em 2011 e desde então realiza coberturas diárias da cena cultura de Ponta Grossa. Em 2019 foi decidido que haveria uma cobertura especial do Carnaval da região dos Campos Gerais. Foram realizadas coberturas em Ponta Grossa e em Tibagi (PR). Os resultados aqui apresentados mostram como os estudantes puderam aplicar na prática extensionista novos formatos de cobertura utilizando redes sociais e demais formatos de produção jornalística.

Compared with traditional surgery, minimally invasive surgery has the advantages of less complications and quick postoperative recovery. Therefore, modern surgery is developing towards the direction of minimally invasive. while minimally invasive pancreatic surgeries are rather challenging and develop slowly, due to the limits with different operation techniques, long operation time and different operation outcomes, which are only carried out in high-volume pancreatic surgery centers. This special coverage topic will elaborate our long-term experience and the key points to overcome the operational difficulties in laparoscopic and robotic pancreas surgery. In order to promote the development of minimally invasive pancreatic technology and benefit more patients (especially pancreatic cancer patients), some suggestions and prospects with the latest research results at home and abroad are put forward for the future development of this field.

In April and May, Civil Engineering published online a "Special Coverage: COVID-19" series of articles that focused on how civil engineers quickly responded to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three of those articles dealt with how designers approached the call from cities and their health-care providers to rapidly expand the number of hospital beds available for patients. Luckily, fewer of those extra beds were required than initially feared, but the experience offered many lessons on how to create or repurpose structures swiftly to meet the immediate needs of communities in crisis. This feature excerpts those articles.

Special Coverage on COVID-19