Spatial Offsets Research Articles

Both stimulus-specific and configurational features of multiple visual stimuli shape the spatial ventriloquism effect.

Studies on multisensory perception often focus on simplistic conditions in which one single stimulus is presented per modality. Yet, in everyday life, we usually encounter multiple signals per modality. To understand how multiple signals within and across the senses are combined, we extended the classical audio-visual spatial ventriloquism paradigm to combine two visual stimuli with one sound. The individual visual stimuli presented in the same trial differed in their relative timing and spatial offsets to the sound, allowing us to contrast their individual and combined influence on sound localization judgements. We find that the ventriloquism bias is not dominated by a single visual stimulus but rather is shaped by the collective multisensory evidence. In particular, the contribution of an individual visual stimulus to the ventriloquism bias depends not only on its own relative spatio-temporal alignment to the sound but also the spatio-temporal alignment of the other visual stimulus. We propose that this pattern of multi-stimulus multisensory integration reflects the evolution of evidence for sensory causal relations during individual trials, calling for the need to extend established models of multisensory causal inference to more naturalistic conditions. Our data also suggest that this pattern of multisensory interactions extends to the ventriloquism aftereffect, a bias in sound localization observed in unisensory judgements following a multisensory stimulus.

Improved Orthorectification and Empirical Reduction of Topographic Effects in Monostatic Mini-RF S-band Observations of the Moon

The Miniature Radio Frequency instrument (Mini-RF) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter obtained widespread synthetic aperture radar observations of the Moon in the S band (12.6 cm), including nearly complete coverage at both lunar poles. The currently archived monostatic data have spatial offsets from the lunar reference frame, making them more difficult to compare to other data sets. To address this issue, we have developed a new algorithm for spatially controlling the Mini-RF S-band monostatic data set and orthorectifying these data onto lunar topography. Additionally, as the influence of incidence angle changes on radar observations is well known, we describe an empirical approach to account for variations in observation geometry and surface topography. Individual radar swaths and mosaics produced using this method more clearly show the variability in scattering behavior due to changes in lunar regolith properties and suppress some of the behavior arising from these topographic effects alone. Once these terrain effects are taken into account, we find that areas of permanent shadow at both poles have a higher median radar reflectivity than nonpermanently shadowed regions, but the polarization behavior of shadowed versus unshadowed areas is largely similar. The higher radar reflectivity in permanent shadow is likely the result of physical or compositional differences in these unique environments, though the precise cause remains uncertain. The results here illustrate how reducing the influence of topography and geometry effects in Mini-RF radar data may enable better characterization of lunar geologic units, regolith structure, and potential areas hosting volatile deposits at the lunar poles.

PCB-DETR: A Detection Network of PCB Surface Defect With Spatial Attention Offset Module

PCB-DETR: A Detection Network of PCB Surface Defect With Spatial Attention Offset Module

GhostingNet: A Novel Approach for Glass Surface Detection With Ghosting Cues.

Ghosting effects typically appear on glass surfaces, as each piece of glass has two contact surfaces causing two slightly offset layers of reflections. In this paper, we propose to take advantage of this intrinsic property of glass surfaces and apply it to glass surface detection, with two main technical novelties. First, we formulate a ghosting image formation model to describe the intensity and spatial relations among the main reflections and the background transmission within the glass region. Based on this model, we construct a new Glass Surface Ghosting Dataset (GSGD) to facilitate glass surface detection, with ∼3.7K glass images and corresponding ghosting masks and glass surface masks. Second, we propose a novel method, called GhostingNet, for glass surface detection. Our method consists of a Ghosting Effects Detection (GED) module and a Ghosting Surface Detection (GSD) module. The key component of our GED module is a novel Double Reflection Estimation (DRE) block that models the spatial offsets of reflection layers for ghosting effect detection. The detected ghosting effects are then used to guide the GSD module for glass surface detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. We will release our code and dataset.

Are JWST/NIRCam Color Gradients in the Lensed z = 2.3 Dusty Star-forming Galaxy El Anzuelo Due to Central Dust Attenuation or Inside-out Galaxy Growth?

Gradients in the mass-to-light ratio of distant galaxies impede our ability to characterize their size and compactness. The long-wavelength filters of JWST’s NIRCam offer a significant step forward. For galaxies at Cosmic Noon (z ∼ 2), this regime corresponds to the rest-frame near-infrared, which is less biased toward young stars and captures emission from the bulk of a galaxy’s stellar population. We present an initial analysis of an extraordinary lensed dusty star-forming galaxy at z = 2.3 behind the El Gordo cluster (z = 0.87), named El Anzuelo (“The Fishhook”) after its partial Einstein-ring morphology. The far-UV to near-IR spectral energy distribution suggests an intrinsic star formation rate of and dust attenuation A V ≈ 1.6, in line with other DSFGs on the star-forming main sequence. We develop a parametric lens model to reconstruct the source-plane structure of dust imaged by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, far-UV to optical light from Hubble, and near-IR imaging with 8 filters of JWST/NIRCam, as part of the Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science program. The source-plane half-light radius is remarkably consistent from ∼1 to 4.5 μm, despite a clear color gradient where the inferred galaxy center is redder than the outskirts. We interpret this to be the result of both a radially decreasing gradient in attenuation and substantial spatial offsets between UV- and IR-emitting components. A spatial decomposition of the SED reveals modestly suppressed star formation in the inner kiloparsec, which suggests that we are witnessing the early stages of inside-out quenching.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: The Black Hole Mass–Stellar Mass Relations at 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.8

We measure the correlation between black hole mass M BH and host stellar mass M * for a sample of 38 broad-line quasars at 0.2 ≲ z ≲ 0.8 (median redshift z med = 0.5). The black hole masses are derived from a dedicated reverberation mapping program for distant quasars, and the stellar masses are derived from two-band optical+IR Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Most of these quasars are well centered within ≲1 kpc from the host galaxy centroid, with only a few cases in merging/disturbed systems showing larger spatial offsets. Our sample spans two orders of magnitude in stellar mass (∼109–1011 M ⊙) and black hole mass (∼107–109 M ⊙) and reveals a significant correlation between the two quantities. We find a best-fit intrinsic (i.e., selection effects corrected) M BH–M *,host relation of , with an intrinsic scatter of dex. Decomposing our quasar hosts into bulges and disks, there is a similar M BH–M *,bulge relation with slightly larger scatter, likely caused by systematic uncertainties in the bulge–disk decomposition. The M BH–M *,host relation at z med = 0.5 is similar to that in local quiescent galaxies, with negligible evolution over the redshift range probed by our sample. With direct black hole masses from reverberation mapping and the large dynamical range of the sample, selection biases do not appear to affect our conclusions significantly. Our results, along with other samples in the literature, suggest that the locally measured black hole mass–host stellar mass relation is already in place at z ∼ 1.

Reconstructing in vivo spatially offset Raman spectroscopy of human skin tissue using a GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo platform

As one type of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), inverse SORS is particularly suited to in vivo biomedical measurements due to its ring-shaped illumination scheme. To explain inhomogeneous Raman scattering during in vivo inverse SORS measurements, the light–tissue interactions when excitation and regenerated Raman photons propagate in skin tissue were studied using Monte Carlo simulation. An eight-layered skin model was first built based on the latest transmission parameters. Then, an open-source platform, Monte Carlo eXtreme (MCX), was adapted to study the distribution of 785 nm excitation photons inside the model with an inverse spatially shifted annular beam. The excitation photons were converted to emission photons by an inverse distribution method based on excitation flux with spatial offsets Δs of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm and 5 mm. The intrinsic Raman spectra from separated skin layers were measured by continuous linear scanning to improve the simulation accuracy. The obtained results explain why the spectral detection depth gradually increases with increasing spatial offset, and address how the intrinsic Raman spectrum from deep skin layers is distorted by the reabsorption and scattering of the superficial tissue constituents. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the spectral contribution from subcutaneous fat will be improved when the offset increases to 5 mm, and the highest detection efficiency for dermal layer spectral detection could be achieved when Δs = 2 mm. Reasonably good matching between the calculated spectrum and the measured in vivo inverse SORS was achieved, thus demonstrating great utility of our modeling method and an approach to help understand the clinical measurements.

Estimating aboveground biomass density using hybrid statistical inference with GEDI lidar data and Paraguay’s national forest inventory

Forests are widely recognized as critical to combating climate change due to their ability to sequester and store carbon in the form of biomass. In recent years, the combined use of data from ground-based forest inventories and remotely sensed data from light detection and ranging (lidar) has proven useful for large-scale assessment of forest biomass, but airborne lidar is expensive and data acquisition is infeasible for many countries. By contrast, the spaceborne Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar instrument has collected freely available data for most of the world’s temperate and tropical forests since 2019. GEDI’s biomass products rely on models calibrated with a global network of field plots paired with GEDI waveforms simulated from airborne lidar to predict biomass. While this calibration strategy minimizes spatial and temporal offsets between field measurements and corresponding lidar returns, calibration data are sparse in many regions. Paraguay’s forests are known to be poorly represented in GEDI’s current calibration dataset, and here we demonstrate that local models calibrated opportunistically with on-orbit GEDI data and field surveys from Paraguay’s national forest inventory can be used with GEDI’s statistical estimators of aboveground biomass density (AGBD). We specify a protocol for opportunistically matching GEDI observations with field plots to calibrate a field-to-GEDI biomass model for use in GEDI’s hybrid statistical framework. Country-specific calibration using on-orbit data resulted in relatively accurate and unbiased predictions of footprint-level biomass, and importantly, supported the assumption underlying model-based inference that the model must ‘apply’ to the area of interest. Using a locally calibrated biomass model, we estimate that the mean AGBD in Paraguay is 65.55 Mg ha−1, which coincides well with the design-based approach employed by the national forest inventory. The GEDI estimates for individual forest strata range from 52.34 Mg ha−1 to 103.88 Mg ha−1. On average, the standard errors are 47% lower for estimates based on GEDI than the forest inventory, representing a significant gain in precision. Our research demonstrates that GEDI can be used by national forest inventories in countries that seek reliable estimates of AGBD, and that local calibration using existing field plots may be more appropriate in some applications than using GEDI global models, especially in regions where those models are sparsely calibrated.

Likelihood of the sky

Catalogs with celestial positions and uncertainties are among the primary data products of observational astronomy. Consequently, the (cross-)matching problem, namely, the question of how many (and which) pairs of positions pertain to the same celestial source, remains a central part of this scientific exploitation. We address the matching problem for two catalogs from a purely geometric point of view by adopting the concept of point processes and nearest-neighbor distributions. Suitable expressions for the nearest-neighbor distributions were derived and used to model the distribution of spatial offsets in the sky. Thus, we are able to estimate a total number of matching pairs, along with individual matching probabilities between sources in any two catalogs of positions and uncertainties. We demonstrate the workings of the model using mock data and apply it to cross-matching the X-ray sources of the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth survey with opticalGaiacounterparts.

FAUST – VIII. The protostellar disc of VLA 1623–2417W and its streamers imaged by ALMA

ABSTRACT More than 50 per cent of solar-mass stars form in multiple systems. It is therefore crucial to investigate how multiplicity affects the star and planet formation processes at the protostellar stage. We report continuum and C18O (2–1) observations of the VLA 1623–2417 protostellar system at 50 au angular resolution as part of the ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) Large Program FAUST. The 1.3 mm continuum probes the discs of VLA 1623A, B, and W, and the circumbinary disc of the A1 + A2 binary. The C18O emission reveals, for the first time, the gas in the disc envelope of VLA 1623W. We estimate the dynamical mass of VLA 1623W, Mdyn = 0.45 ± 0.08 M⊙, and the mass of its disc, Mdisc ∼ 6 × 10−3 M⊙. C18O also reveals streamers that extend up to 1000 au, spatially and kinematically connecting the envelope and outflow cavities of the A1 + A2 + B system with the disc of VLA 1623W. The presence of the streamers, as well as the spatial (∼1300 au) and velocity (∼2.2 km s−1) offsets of VLA 1623W, suggests that either sources W and A + B formed in different cores, interacting between them, or source W has been ejected from the VLA 1623 multiple system during its formation. In the latter case, the streamers may funnel material from the envelope and cavities of VLA 1623AB on to VLA 1623W, thus concurring to set its final mass and chemical content.

The necessity of 3D analysis for open-pit rock slope stability studies: Theory and practice

Geotechnical models developed during the planning stages of open pit mines are three-dimensional so as to capture the spatial variation in lithological, structural, hydrogeological, and geomechanical conditions. Geological models that describe the lithological and structural (faulting and folding) characteristics of a deposit are always 3D. Likewise, boreholes and piezometers used to develop geomechanical properties and groundwater models are drilled at spatial offsets across the deposit to understand the lateral and vertical characteristics. Yet when geotechnical analysis is completed, often the three-dimensional geological, hydrogeological, and structural models as well as geometrically complex 3D mine designs for optimizing economic mineral recovery and overburden removal are simplified to two-dimensional sections. In this paper we demonstrate that this simplification can lead to the wrong failure mechanism being identified, analysed, and/or a conservative factor of safety being calculated and hence an over-estimation of slope stability. Through case studies we show how three-dimensional analysis methods are more suited to rock slopes, particularly those with anisotropic material strength, when singularities such as geological faults are present, and nonlinear slope geometry. When the same slopes are analysed in two dimensions, the failure mechanism calculated is often fundamentally incorrect. The case studies further reveal that the factor of safety calculated in three dimensions is not always higher than the two-dimensional factor of safety.

Understanding aliasing effects and their removal in SPEN MRI: A k-space perspective.

To characterize the mechanism of formation and the removal of aliasing artifacts and edge ghosts in spatiotemporally encoded (SPEN) MRI within a k-space theoretical framework. SPEN's quadratic phase modulation can be described in k-space by a convolution matrix whose coefficients derive from Fourier relations. This k-space model allows us to pose SPEN's reconstruction as a deconvolution process from which aliasing and edge ghost artifacts can be quantified by estimating the difference between a full sampling and reconstructions resulting from undersampled SPEN data. Aliasing artifacts in SPEN MRI reconstructions can be traced to image contributions corresponding to high-frequency k-space signals. The k-space picture provides the spatial displacements, phase offsets, and linear amplitude modulations associated to these artifacts, as well as routes to removing these from the reconstruction results. These new ways to estimate the artifact priors were applied to reduce SPEN reconstruction artifacts on simulated, phantom, and human brain MRI data. A k-space description of SPEN's reconstruction helps to better understand the signal characteristics of this MRI technique, and to improve the quality of its resulting images.

Internal spillover effect of carbon emission between transportation sectors and electricity generation sectors

The exact carbon reduction potential of transportation electrification has not been answered directly from the coupled view of electric power transmission and transportation. To address this issue, the multi-regional input-output model and quasi-input–output model are used. Through simulation results comparison between the baseline scenario and transportation electrification scenario, we can observe that transportation electrification scenario would finally reduce 403 million tons, while the increase of 302 million tons of CO2 from the electricity generation sector due to the spatial spillover effect offsets the reduced 705 million-tons decarbonization benefits of the traffic transportation sector, as well as the decarbonization benefits of cleaner electricity generation. The total reduced CO2 emissions under the combined scenario are 1997 million tons, which is 94 million tons larger than the overall effect of the separate implementation of transportation electrification scenario and cleaner electricity generation scenario. We conclude that to reduce carbon emission transfer, much greater attention needs to be paid to cleaner generation mix construction.

Precise mapping of the Moon with the Clementine Ultraviolet/Visible Camera

The Ultraviolet/Visible (UVVIS) camera on the Clementine spacecraft provided a global, multispectral view of the Moon. Scientists commonly use individual observations and derived products (optical maturity, mineral abundance, etc.) over 25 years later, addressing questions concerning the composition and relative age of surface features. However, since the mission concluded, our knowledge of lunar topography and the locations of features on the surface have improved with results from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) missions. Before this work, cross-mission comparisons were impaired by spatial offsets between the derived products, which are as large as 2.5 km in some regions. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) images, acquired under similar lighting conditions, were used as a cartographic reference. We used image-based feature-matching algorithms to automatically derive control points to improve the positional accuracy of each UVVIS observation with the LROC WAC basemap. From ground control points, we calculate a precise camera model (focal length, optical distortion, etc.) for the UVVIS camera and update the pointing for each UVVIS image. Using the updated geometric information and projecting the UVVIS image to the LOLA global shape model, we map the five-band multispectral UVVIS mosaic, the optical maturity map, and FeO and TiO2 abundance maps. We also analyze pitch observations of the polar regions to investigate the influence phase angle has on the derived optical maturity. The new images are registered to the GRAIL-based LRO geodetic framework within a WAC pixel (Ground Sampling Distance ∼75 m; average UVVIS sigma0 = 0.084), creating a foundational geospatial data product that does not require any manual interpretation or nonlinear warping of map products to align with the current lunar reference frame.

Spatially resolved multimode excitation for smooth supercontinuum generation in a SiN waveguide.

We propose a method of supercontinuum light generation enhanced by multimode excitation in a precisely dispersion-engineered deuterated SiN (SiN:D) waveguide. Although a regularly designed SiN-based nonlinear optical waveguide exhibits anomalous dispersion with the fundamental and first-order multimode operation, the center-symmetric light pumping at the input edge has so far inhibited the full potential of the nonlinearity of SiN-based materials. On the basis of numerical analysis and simulation for the SiN:D waveguide, we intentionally applied spatial position offsets to excite the fundamental and higher-order modes to realize bandwidth broadening with flatness. Using this method, we achieved an SNR improvement of up to 18 dB at a wavelength of 0.6 µm with an offset of about 1 µm in the Y-axis direction and found that the contribution was related to the presence of dispersive waves due to the excitation of TE10, and TE01 modes.

Shockwave-based THz emission in air.

THz emission in air under the irradiation of a pair of tightly-focused femtosecond laser pulses (800nm, 35fs) with nanosecond time delay and micro-meter spatial offsets is studied with polarization-sensitive THz time-domain spectroscopy and time-resolved imaging. The pre-pulse irradiation induces air-breakdown at its focus, which results in the expansion of shockwave front traveling outward. When the main pulse irradiates such shockwave front far from the pre-pulse focus with nanosecond delay, THz emission intensity was enhanced up to ∼13-times and its linear polarization was aligned along the line between the two focus positions of the pre- and the main pulses which is parallel to the expansion direction of the shockwave front. Asymmetric density profiles of the shockwave fronts prepared by the pre-pulse irradiation define the polarization of THz emission. Mechanisms are discussed from the viewpoint of electron diffusion in such asymmetric density profiles.

Landscape patterns and their spatial associations with ecosystem service balance: Insights from a rapidly urbanizing coastal region of southeastern China

Abstract: Assessing ecosystem service (ES) balance and exploring critical drivers are crucial for landscape management. However, a lack of understanding of the determinants of the ecosystem service supply–demand budget, their spillover effects, and spatial variabilities offsets the efficacy of landscape planning and ecosystem conservation. This novel study attempted to close this gap by quantifying ecosystem service budget using an expert knowledge-based supply–demand matrix and explored its dependencies through spatial econometrics and geographically weighted regression approaches instead of using ordinary model simulation and conventional statistical analysis. The overall patterns of ecosystem service balance in the southeastern coast were found to have remained stable in 1980, 2000, and 2017, although remarkable ecosystem service deficits were identified in hotspots of rapid urbanization. The ecosystem service balance was negatively associated with the proportions of built-up land and cropland (p < 0.0001) and exhibited positive associations with the proportions of woodland and grassland (p < 0.0001). Landscape structure and population density were identified as the primary determinants of ecosystem service balance and exhibited spatial variability and spillover effects (i.e., determining ecosystem service balance in both individual and adjacent units). These findings demonstrate the significance of spatial disparities and external effects of determinants of the supply–demand budget in integrative landscape governance. Consequently, localized and targeted strategies for landscape planning are increasingly needed to optimize landscape configuration and alleviate ecosystem service imbalance according to individual socioeconomic conditions and landscape structures. In addition, the spillover effects demonstrate that the maintenance of regional ecosystem service balance and ecosystem sustainability depends not only on individual areas but also on cross-regional collaborations with neighboring regions. These findings have critical implications on strategy formulation for coastal landscape management and ecosystem sustainability.

The Lensed Lyman-Alpha MUSE Arcs Sample (LLAMAS)

Aims. We present the Lensed Lyman-Alpha MUSE Arcs Sample (LLAMAS) selected from MUSE and HST observations of 17 lensing clusters. The sample consists of 603 continuum-faint (−23 < MUV < −14) lensed Lyman-α emitters (producing 959 images) with secure spectroscopic redshifts between 2.9 and 6.7. Combining the power of cluster magnification with 3D spectroscopic observations, we were able to reveal the resolved morphological properties of 268 Lyman-α emitters. Methods. We used a forward-modeling approach to model both Lyman-α and rest-frame UV continuum emission profiles in the source plane and measure spatial extent, ellipticity, and spatial offsets between UV and Lyman-α emission. Results. We find a significant correlation between UV continuum and Lyman-α spatial extent. Our characterization of the Lyman-α halos indicates that the halo size is linked to the physical properties of the host galaxy (SFR, Lyman-α equivalent width, Lyman-α line FWHM). We find that 48% of Lyman-α halos are best fit by an elliptical emission distribution with a median axis ratio of q = 0.48. We observe that 60% of galaxies detected both in UV and Lyman-α emission show a significant spatial offset (ΔLyα − UV). We measure a median offset of ΔLyα − UV = 0.58 ± 0.14 kpc for the entire sample. By comparing the spatial offset values with the size of the UV component, we show that 40% of the offsets could be due to star-forming sub-structures in the UV component, while the larger offsets (60%) are more likely due to greater-distance processes such as scattering effects inside the circumgalactic medium or emission from faint satellites or merging galaxies. Comparisons with a zoom-in radiative hydrodynamics simulation of a typical Lyman-α emitting galaxy show a very good agreement with LLAMAS galaxies and indicate that bright star-formation clumps and satellite galaxies could produce a similar spatial offset distribution.

Estimates of Near-Inertial Wind Power Input Using Novel In Situ Wind Measurements from Minimet Surface Drifters in the Iceland Basin

Abstract The Minimet is a Lagrangian surface drifter measuring near-surface winds in situ. Ten Minimets were deployed in the Iceland Basin over the course of two field seasons in 2018 and 2019. We compared Minimet wind measurements to coincident ship winds from the R/V Armstrong meteorology package and to hourly ERA5 reanalysis winds and found that the Minimets accurately captured wind variability across a variety of time scales. Comparisons between the ship, Minimets, and ERA5 winds point to significant discrepancies between the in situ wind measurements and ERA5, with the most reasonable explanation being related to spatial offsets of small-scale storm structures in the reanalysis model. After a general assessment of the Minimet performance, we compare estimates of wind power input in the near-inertial band using the Minimet winds and their measured drift to those using ERA5 winds and the Minimet drift. Minimet-derived near-inertial wind power estimates exceed those from Minimet drift combined with ERA5 winds by about 42%. The results highlight the importance of accurately capturing small-scale, high-frequency wind events and suggest that in situ Minimet measurements are beneficial for accurately quantifying near-inertial wind work on the ocean. Significance Statement In this study we introduce a novel, freely drifting wind measurement platform, the Minimet. After an initial validation of Minimet sea surface wind measurements against independent wind measurements from a nearby research vessel, we investigate their utility in context of the near-inertial work done by the wind on the ocean, which is important for the ocean’s energy budget. We find Minimet near-inertial wind work estimates exceed those estimated using winds from a state-of-the-art wind product by 42%. Our results indicate that capturing storm events happening on time scales less than 12 h is crucial for accurately quantifying near-inertial wind work on the ocean, making wind measurements from platforms such as the Minimet invaluable for these analyses.

Effects of the Spatial Offsets of Superconducting Coils on the Magnetic Field in SC200 Cyclotron

The SC200 superconducting cyclotron for hadron therapy is developed by collaboration of ASIPP (Hefei, China) and JINR (Dubna, Russia). However, the spatial shift of superconducting coils in a cyclotron will lead to the deviation of the magnetic from the requirements. It has an adverse effect on the acceleration of the beam. This article studies the effect of the tilt and horizontal offsets on the magnetic field in cyclotron. These two offsets can be detected by measuring the first harmonic of radial and axial components of the magnetic field on the midplane, respectively. Additionally, it is proved that the mixed offset of superconducting coils can be decomposed into these three fundamental offsets: vertical offset, tilt, and horizontal offset. Experimental data also indicate that this method can substantially reduce the first harmonic of the radial component of the magnetic field in the required area, which means that the superconducting coils are aligned in space.