Spatial Horizon Research Articles

Images of intertextuality in the novel “The Waste Paradise” by the writer Laila Al-Juhani - an applied structural study

Intertextuality is one of the terms of the structuralism, which indicates the nature of texts, and also refers to the culture of the writer, and enriches the semantic value of the language in the new text and its narrative frameworks, especially in the art of the novel, which extends in its temporal and spatial horizon and the number of pages over a long period, so intertextuality becomes more present. It is clear to both the educated reader and the researcher. Hence this study that explains the forms of intertextuality in the novel “The Waste Paradise” by the Saudi writer Laila Al-Juhani, as her novel has a vast narrative space, containing different types of intertextuality in particular, that are in harmony with the story of the novel and its events on the one hand, and develop semantic depth, or It conveys it in a highly artistic and beautiful way on the other hand, and demonstrates the extension of some meanings historically on the third hand, and explains some human events on the fourth hand. The most common types of intertextuality in the novel “The Waste Paradise” are: historical intertextuality, literary intertextuality, religious intertextuality, and artistic intertextuality. The study was keen to include the original text from which the author quoted the texts of her novel in a clear manner in the text, and by extracting each text in a systematic and transparent manner in the footnotes as well. In order to ensure scientific accuracy and credibility in the research, the study ultimately concluded with many results of great importance, which the study summarized at the end of the research through a separate section, including but not limited to: The writer employs religious intertextuality, calling for ideals and values that are absent from human reality. Contemporary on the one hand, and you made the narrative more realistic and depictive of life on the other hand.

Job Search, Spatial Constraints, and Unemployment Duration: An Empirical Analysis of the Cameroonian Case

The individual transition from unemployment to employment is conditioned by various elements. If some of them concern directly the individual characteristics of workers, while others implicate indeed their environment when searching for a job. The residential location, housing status, and high travel distances to each labor market area are factors that can influence the exit rate of unemployment. This paper aims to integrate, in a job search model with endogenous intensity, the spatial horizon of prospecting. This horizon is introduced through the prospecting distance, which influences both the arrival rate of offers and the search costs. The equilibrium properties of the model lead to an indeterminate effect of the prospecting distance on the unemployment duration. The micro econometric estimation of the structural model allows us to deal with this ambiguity. The method adopted takes into account not only the selection rule on access to employment but also the endogeneity of the choice of spatial mobility. Results highlight that the exit from unemployment is shorter as the prospecting distance increases, but the increase in this prospecting distance does not lead to a decrease in the reserve wage.

Spatio-temporal transferability of environmentally-dependent population models: Insights from the intrinsic predictabilities of Adélie penguin abundance time series

Ecological predictions are necessary for testing whether processes hypothesized to regulate species population dynamics are generalizable across time and space. In order to demonstrate generalizability, model predictions should be transferable in one or more dimensions, where transferability is the successful prediction of responses outside of the model data bounds. While much is known as to what makes spatially-oriented models transferable, there is no general consensus as to the spatio-temporal transferability of ecological time series models. Here, we examine whether the intrinsic predictability of a time series, as measured by its complexity, could limit such transferability using an exceptional long-term dataset of Adélie penguin breeding abundance time series collected at 24 colonies around Antarctica. For each colony, we select a suite of environmental variables from the Community Earth System Model, version 2 to predict population growth rates, before assessing how well these environmentally-dependent population models transfer temporally and how reliably temporal signals replicate through space. We show that weighted permutation entropy (WPE), a model-free measure of intrinsic predictability recently introduced to ecology, varies spatially across Adélie penguin populations, perhaps in response to stochastic environmental events. We demonstrate that WPE can strongly limit temporal predictive performance, although this relationship could be weakened if intrinsic predictability is not constant over time. Lastly, we show that WPE can also limit spatial forecast horizon, which we define as the decay in spatial predictive performance with respect to the physical distance between focal colony and predicted colony. Irrespective of intrinsic predictability, spatial forecast horizons for all Adélie penguin breeding colonies included in this study are surprisingly short and our population models often have similar temporal and spatial predictive performance compared to null models based on long-term average growth rates. For cases where time series are complex, as measured by WPE, and the transferability of biologically-motivated mechanistic models are poor, we advise that null models should instead be used for prediction. These models are likely better at capturing more generalizable relationships between average growth rates and long-term environmental conditions. Lastly, we recommend that WPE can provide valuable insights when evaluating model performance, designing sampling or monitoring programs, or assessing the appropriateness of preexisting datasets for making conservation management decisions in response to environmental change.

The effects of time horizon and guided choices on explore-exploit decisions in rodents.

Humans and animals have to balance the need for exploring new options with exploiting known options that yield good outcomes. This tradeoff is known as the explore-exploit dilemma. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying how humans and animals address the explore-exploit dilemma, a good animal behavioral model is critical. Most previous rodents explore-exploit studies used ethologically unrealistic operant boxes and reversal learning paradigms in which the decision to abandon a bad option is confounded by the need for exploring a novel option for information collection, making it difficult to separate different drives and heuristics for exploration. In this study, we investigated how rodents make explore-exploit decisions using a spatial navigation horizon task (Wilson et al., 2014) adapted to rats to address the above limitations. We compared the rats' performance to that of humans using identical measures. We showed that rats use prior information to effectively guide exploration. In addition, rats use information-driven directed exploration like humans, but the extent to which they explore has the opposite dependance on time horizon than humans. Moreover, we found that free choices and guided choices have different influences on exploration in rodents, a finding that has not yet been tested in humans. This study reveals that the explore-exploit spatial behavior of rats is more complex than previously thought. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Ensouling Agential Praxis in A Secular World: A Sufi Spiritual Turn in Leila Aboulela’s the Kindness of Enemies

ABSTRACT This article explores Leila Aboulela’s novel, The Kindness of Enemies (2015), in light of its protagonist’s attempt to resolve her predicament of belonging through constructing an agential praxis oriented by Sufism. Aboulela crafts her story in two narratives: the first one is set in present day Britain and thematizes Natasha Wilson Hussein’s quest for identity in a largely Islamophobic environment, whereas the second narrative tells the history of Shamil, the 19th century Sufi leader, who lived in a period when the word ”jihad” had a less a stigmatized meaning. Aboulela offers a revisionist reading of history by juxtaposing Islam and political resistance in non-fundamentalist terms but as a dialectic, which through its manifestation of the principles of Sufism synthesizes in challenging and resisting imperial oppression. Relying on a postsecular perspective, this paper highlights how Aboulela presents Sufism as a galvanizing force of agency through which her female migrants resist and overcome marginality and alienation. I argue that Aboulela’s novel maps out a turn toward spiritual traditions of Islam as transformative and liberating forces which endows her characters with a spiritual spatial horizon to ensoul the concept of agency, and by extension cultivate critical grounds from which hegemonic secular formations can be open to analysis from spiritually oriented praxes.

Realization of Eternity and Time in Elia Abu Mazee’s Poetry - Study and analysis

Time is considered as one of the basic pillars in literary construction, and its study occupied a large space in literary studies. The poet considers time a moving element within the spatial horizon, and this movement involves changes and movement. The poet discusses and complains about eternity and what it affects it, or specifies it through their childhood and adulthood, and therefore deals with time as a living being, and this is the realization, which means highlighting inanimate objects through an image in which they appear alive. In this research, we discuss the realization of time and eternity in Elia Abu Mazee's poetry.

Spatial machine-learning model diagnostics: a model-agnostic distance-based approach

While significant progress has been made towards explaining black-box machine-learning (ML) models, there is still a distinct lack of diagnostic tools that elucidate the spatial behaviour of ML models in terms of predictive skill and variable importance. This contribution proposes spatial prediction error profiles (SPEPs) and spatial variable importance profiles (SVIPs) as novel model-agnostic assessment and interpretation tools for spatial prediction models with a focus on prediction distance. Their suitability is demonstrated in two case studies representing a regionalization task in an environmental-science context, and a classification task from remotely-sensed land cover classification. In these case studies, the SPEPs and SVIPs of geostatistical methods, linear models, random forest, and hybrid algorithms show striking differences but also relevant similarities. Limitations of related cross-validation techniques are outlined, and the case is made that modelers should focus their model assessment and interpretation on the intended spatial prediction horizon. The range of autocorrelation, in contrast, is not a suitable criterion for defining spatial cross-validation test sets. The novel diagnostic tools enrich the toolkit of spatial data science and may improve ML model interpretation, selection, and design.

The Geographical Distribution and Causes of the Female Writers during Ming and Qing Dynasties in Spatial Horizon: A Case Study of Songjiang Prefecture

The Geographical Distribution and Causes of the Female Writers during Ming and Qing Dynasties in Spatial Horizon: A Case Study of Songjiang Prefecture

Detecting space\u2013time agglomeration processes over the Great Recession using firm-level micro-geographic data

We analyze the spatio-temporal agglomeration dynamics that occurred in the Italian manufacturing industry during the recent period of the Great Recession. To study this phenomenon, we employ three different statistical methods—namely, Ellison and Glaeser’s index of industrial geographic concentration, the spatial K-function, and the space–time K-function—, and rely on a large sample of geo-referenced, single-plant manufacturing firms observed over the period 2007–2012. First, we demonstrate that different statistical techniques can lead to (very) different results. Second, we find that most Italian manufacturing sectors experienced spatial dispersion processes during the period of the Great Recession. Finally, we show that space–time dispersion processes occurred at small spatial distances and short time horizon, although we do not detect statistically significant space–time interactions.

Reconstructing the time evolution of wall-bounded turbulent flows from non-time-resolved PIV measurements

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) systems are often limited in their ability to fully resolve the spatiotemporal fluctuations inherent in turbulent flows due to hardware constraints. In this study, we develop models based on Rapid Distortion Theory (RDT) and Taylor's Hypothesis (TH) to reconstruct the time evolution of a turbulent flow field in the intermediate period between consecutive PIV snapshots obtained using a non-time resolved system. The linear governing equations are evolved forwards and backwards in time using the PIV snapshots as initial conditions. The flow field in the intervening period is then reconstructed by taking a weighted sum of the forward and backward estimates. This spatiotemporal weighting function is designed to account for the advective nature of the RDT and TH equations. Reconstruction accuracy is evaluated as a function of spatial resolution and reconstruction time horizon using Direct Numerical Simulation data for turbulent channel flow from the Johns Hopkins Turbulence Database. This method reconstructs single-point turbulence statistics well and resolves velocity spectra at frequencies higher than the temporal Nyquist limit of the acquisition system. Reconstructions obtained using a characteristics-based evolution of the flow field under TH prove to be more accurate compared to reconstructions obtained from numerical integration of the discretized forms of RDT and TH. The effect of measurement noise on reconstruction error is also evaluated.

Nationality as an element of identity in musical interpretation. Case study: Romanian performers

Abstract The 20th century is the period of time when the specificities of Romanian culture were identified and theoretically defined by notable authors such as Lucian Blaga (philosopher and poet) or Carmen Petra-Basacopol (musicologist and composer). The concept of “spatial horizon” or “Mioritic space” presented by Blaga in his well-known work The Trilogy of Culture affirms characteristics of Romanian spirituality and culture polished over time, and an author such as Carmen Petra-Basacopol shows us the manner in which these ethnic patterns are reflected in music. This research paper intends to establish to what extent the national ethos is present in the musician-performerʼs identity and which are the technical-expressive abilities that correspond to the elements defined by the above-mentioned authors. The investigation methods are based on the research of the musical chronicles, but also the comparative analysis of the recordings belonging to nationally and internationally recognized Romanian performers. The validation of these premises will start from the case of musicians such as George Enescu or Dinu Lipatti (composers and performers alike), but will also follow the qualities appreciated in contemporary artists; in the case of the latter I will try to find out how perceptible nationality is as an identity element to those who were born in Romania and are living here, those who were born in the country, but continued their activity abroad, as well as of those who were both born and are living outside Romania (coming from a family of Romanian descent). At the same time, the study will try to provide a perspective on the advantages and disadvantages ethnic background might have in composing the interpretative strategy and in the field of artistic recognition.

Property valuation: the market approach optimised by a weighted appraisal model

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an innovative model that can be included within the market approach methods for property valuations. The algorithm takes into account the frequent high level of dissimilarity of the comparables selected for the assessment, thus providing for the use of appropriate similarity and reliability coefficients capable of weighing the data of the comparison sample with respect to the different degrees of similarity and reliability.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model borrows the operative logics of the goal programming techniques, in order to identify the solution, the market value of the subject property and the implicit prices of the different influencing factors, since they are more reliable from the mathematical and empirical points of view.FindingsThe model has been applied to two case studies, relating to samples of residential properties located in the city of Naples (Southern Italy). The results obtained have outlined the high valuation performance of the developed appraisal model, capable of overcoming the applicability limits of classical market approach methods as well as providing solutions that are highly consistent with the expected empirical phenomena.Practical implicationsThe research takes into account the growing need of both professionals and end users (banks, courts, public and private Entities, etc.) for valuation models that are easily repeatable and sufficiently objective. They are required in order to allow for the rapid verification of the elaborations carried out as well as to check the valuer’s appreciation of the contribution of the influencing factors in the market price formation. The outputs of the two applications developed have highlighted the ability of the proposed model to satisfy these market requests.Originality/valueThe proposed model can be easily implemented through a simple calculation program, with the mathematical structure elaborated allowing to overcome some application limits of the classical market approach methods. Furthermore, the introduction in the algorithm of appropriate similarity and reliability coefficients, capable of suitably weighting the data of the comparison sample, allows to widen the spatial horizon for the identification of the comparables as well as select properties characterized by a high level of dissimilarity. This makes it possible to apply the model in territorial contexts characterized by markets that are not excessively dynamic.

Impact of climate change on landslides frequency: the Esino river basin case study (Central Italy)

Researchers have long attempted to determine the amount of rainfall needed to trigger slope failures, yet relatively little progress has been reported on the effects of climate change on landslide initiation. Indeed, some relationships between landslides and climate change have been highlighted, but sign and magnitude of this correlation remain uncertain and influenced by the spatial and temporal horizon considered. This work makes use of statistically adjusted high-resolution regional climate model simulations, to study the expected changes of landslides frequency in the eastern Esino river basin (Central Italy). Simulated rainfall was used in comparison with rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence derived by two observation-based statistical models (1) the cumulative event rainfall–rainfall duration model, and (2) the Bayesian probabilistic model. Results show an overall increase in projected landslide occurrence over the twenty-first century. This is especially confirmed in the high-emission scenario representative concentration pathway 8.5, where according to the first model, the events above rainfall thresholds frequency shift from ~ 0.025 to ~ 0.05 in the mountainous sector of the study area. Moreover, Bayesian analysis revealed the possible occurrence of landslide-triggering rainfall with a magnitude never occurred over the historical period. Landslides frequency change signal presents also considerable seasonal patterns, with summer displaying the steepest positive trend coupled to the highest inter-model spread. The methodological chain here proposed aims at representing a flexible tool for future landslide-hazard assessment, applicable over different areas and time horizons (e.g., short-term climate projections or seasonal forecasts).

(En)gendering exposure: pregnant farmworkers and the inadequacy of pesticide notification

In 2015, the EPA (USA) announced its intention to strengthen farmworker protections against pesticide exposure to include information on the hazards of pesticide exposure during pregnancy and how to reduce take-home exposure. While the new Worker Protection Standard is a laudable and long-overdue effort to enhance farmworker safety, we argue that an informational approach is inadequate, particularly for the women farmworkers who are the focus of the expanded training content. It is particularly deficient given new epigenetic knowledge that suggests a greatly expanded temporal and spatial horizon between pesticide exposure and effect. At the same time it puts an additional moral burden on women farmworkers who are made responsible for protecting future populations. The article draws in part on 55 interviews we conducted with farmworkers as part of a larger project on fumigation use in California's strawberry industry. Analysis of these interviews sheds light on the practical fallacies of an information-oriented regulatory program when most farm workers feel that not working is the bigger risk. We found that farmworker men and women already recognized the potential dangers of pesticide exposure without additional notification, yet farmworker women felt even more limited in their ability to protect themselves from exposure at the workplace. Farmworkers who worked during their pregnancies felt particularly at risk. Since these enhanced protections do not address the socio-cultural and eco-biological obstacles farmworker women face in protecting themselves and their future progeny from pesticide exposure, we suggest that they are primarily performative. Keywords: Pesticide exposure, pesticide regulation, political ecology of the body, epigenetics, gender, responsibilization

Dynamical symmetry enhancement near mathcal{N} = 2, D = 4 gauged supergravity horizons

We show that all smooth Killing horizons with compact horizon sections of 4-dimensional gauged mathcal{N} = 2 supergravity coupled to any number of vector multiplets preserve 2{c}_1left(mathcal{K}right)+4ell supersymmetries, where mathcal{K} is a pull-back of the Hodge bundle of the special Kähler manifold on the horizon spatial section. We also demonstrate that all such horizons with {c}_1left(mathcal{K}right)=0 exhibit an mathfrak{s}mathfrak{l}left(2,mathbb{R}right) symmetry and preserve either 4 or 8 supersymmetries. If the orbits of the mathfrak{s}mathfrak{l}left(2,mathbb{R}right) symmetry are 2-dimensional, the horizons are warped products of AdS2 with the horizon spatial section. Otherwise, the horizon section admits an isometry which preserves all the fields. The proof of these results is centered on the use of index theorem in conjunction with an appropriate generalization of the Lichnerowicz theorem for horizons that preserve at least one supersymmetry. In all {c}_1left(mathcal{K}right)=0 cases, we specify the local geometry of spatial horizon sections and demonstrate that the solutions are determined by first order non-linear ordinary differential equations on some of the fields.

The impact of wind resource spatial variability on floating offshore wind farms finance

AbstractWind resource availability determines the financial performance of wind farms as it is directly related to production. Offshore wind developers require great investments to design, build, operate and dismantle offshore wind farms. Furthermore, the investments in the offshore floating wind sector are expected to increase in the future. Because of that, the assessment of the variability of the investments, mainly because of the wind resource variability, seems to be a crucial step in the design methodology. Consequently, a flexible methodology for supporting offshore floating wind farm optimal location assessment is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology is focused on including the offshore wind resource variability and its influence on the power production of floating wind farms, as well as on the main financial indicators (internal rate of return, net present value, pay‐back period and cost of energy). The methodology is applied to the north coast of Spain, and it allows to identify the most promising sites for offshore wind farms deployment. Differences on the cost of energy up to 100% can be found in the area under study. The methodology proposed has been conceived to be site‐independent and applied at any spatial and time horizon. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Islam, Democracy, and Cosmopolitanism: At Home and in the World

Islam, Democracy, and Cosmopolitanism: At Home and in the World

Exchangeable cations in deep forest soils: Separating climate and chemical controls on spatial and vertical distribution and cycling

The vertical distribution of soil exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) results from the integration of multiple processes: weathering of primary minerals, atmospheric input, leaching, and biological cycling. While weathering and atmospheric input affect the location of cation inputs to the soil system, leaching and biological cycling translocate cations in opposing directions within the profile. Little research has been conducted on deep soil relative to surface soil, and thus attempts to verify hypotheses about the drivers of exchangeable cation vertical distributions have not been possible on a broad scale. This study excavated soils down to 2.5 or 3m at 22 sites across the coastal Pacific Northwest ranging from northern Washington to southern Oregon. Samples were analyzed for soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and exchangeable cations. PERMANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of soil chemical (C, N, and pH), environmental (climate, parent material, elevation), physical (texture) and spatial (horizon, depth) gradients on the distribution of exchangeable cation contents and stocks. The majority of exchangeable cation stocks are located in deeper soil horizons. On average, 66% of Ca2+, 76% of Mg2+, 57% of K+, and 63% of Na+ stocks were below 1.0m. Master soil horizon was the most significant predictor of the distribution of cations within the soil profile with substantial separation between A horizon samples and B and C horizon samples. There was a significant interaction between horizon and soil C, with higher soil C concentrations and stocks corresponding with lower Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents and stocks in horizons of the same type. Between sites, climate and cumulative carbon stocks were the dominant controls over cation distribution, with high C stocks and wet, cool climate leading to low exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+. These results suggest that leaching with dissolved organic matter could be a driver of exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ distributions in the Pacific Northwest. On the other hand, K+ and Na+ were largely uncorrelated with these environmental gradients. Biological uptake is a more important control over the distribution of exchangeable K+, while atmospheric deposition drives the relatively uniform distribution of Na+ both between sites and within profiles.

The shadow: alter-visibility in an empire of the seen

The article interrogates the concept of Multitude in capitalist society and challenges the simple notion of social exclusion as an operative force in contemporary social formations and their spatial dispositions. The Shadow will be offered as a spatial and psychosocial relational horizon of differentiation systemically inscribed into the social architecture, operating under a legitimating discourse of transparency politics. The concept succinctly characterizes the personal and social experiences of political opacity in twenty-first-century biopolitical capitalist society, and the exploitation of living labour by a topological apparatus of ‘alter-visibility’. The piece explores the emergence of various ‘Shadowlands’ in the social materiality generated by spatial technologies of political and social control. By assuming the juxtaposing archetype of the Trickster, and a dialectical politics opened up by the Shadow's technology of alter-visibility, the article argues for the potential realization of the Multitude concept out of a personal ethical praxis and counter-conduct based on the Trickster concept against the consigning and coding power of capitalist Empire and the spatio-temporal shadowlands that it generates. The psychosocial dialectical potential in the figure of the Trickster derives from its enantiodromic confrontation with the Shadow in a critical heterotopic politics of disaster, juxtaposition, and ‘schizophrenic’ rebellion.

Cultural Techniques and Logistical Media: Tuning German and Anglo-American Media Studies

Cultural Techniques and Logistical Media: Tuning German and Anglo-American Media Studies