Image Watermarking In Spatial Domain Research Articles

Robust Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain Utilizing Features Equivalent to SVD Transform

In recent years, digital image watermarking has gained a significant amount of popularity and developed into a crucial and essential tool for copyright protection, security, and the identification of multimedia content. Despite its high computational complexity, singular value decomposition (SVD) is an extensively utilized transformation in digital image watermarking. This research presents a robust and blind image watermarking scheme that directly alters the image pixels in the spatial domain to incorporate the watermark by quantizing the block-wise invariant maximum singular value. Using a distribution rule, pixels from the cover image are redistributed to obtain a new image that is divided into square and non-overlapping blocks to obtain invariant maximum singular values by using the matrix 2-norm in the spatial domain without performing an SVD transform. This modifies the pixels of the cover image such that the outcome is equivalent to the difference between the maximum singular values of the corresponding blocks in covers and watermarked images. The strengths of the proposed approach are highlighted by a comparison of experimental results with the most recent and comparable watermarking approaches.

Entropy based spatial domain image watermarking and its performance analysis

Digital image watermarking technique based on LSB Substitution and Hill Cipher is presented and examined in this paper. For better imperceptibility watermark is inserted in the spatial domain. Further the watermark is implanted in the Cover Image block having the highest entropy value. To improve the security of the watermark hill cipher encryption is used. Both subjective and objective image quality assessment technique has been used to evaluate the imperceptibility of the proposed scheme.Further, the perceptual perfection of the watermarked pictures accomplished in the proposed framework has been contrasted and some state-of-art watermarking strategies. Test results demonstrates that the displayed method is robust against different image processing attacks like Salt and Peppers, Gaussian filter attack, Median filter attacks, etc.

JND-Guided Perceptually Color Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain

Watermarking is an effective solution for copyright protection and forensics tracking via hiding information into the image signal. Recently, spatial-embedding watermarking methods from different transform domain have been proposed rapidly and effectively protect the copyright of the color image. Compared to the individual frequency domain method, it has both advantages of spatial domain and frequency domain. Here, we proposed a novel spatial-embedding watermarking method based on an attended just noticeable difference (JND) model with color complexity, to achieve a good tradeoff between robustness and perceptual quality. In particular, at the spatial embedding level, the direct current (DC) coefficients are selected for embedding and the perceptual JND model is used to guide the amount of pixel modification to improve visual quality. Different from the previous JND model, we proposed an attended JND model that considers color complexity, which is more consistent of the human visual perception model. Compared with the other JND models, the proposed JND model is more suitable for the watermarking framework. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme has better performance than other existing watermarking schemes. This greatly benefits the practical implementations of the spatial-embedding watermarking methods.

Security Authentication of Dual Chaotic Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain with Spatial and Frequency Domain Characteristics Analysis

This article presents an advanced dual chaotic watermarking scheme to improve information security. To ensure confidentiality in digital image transmission, a secure dual watermarking scheme is proposed by applying the chaotic logistic system and hyper-chaotic dynamical system. Chaotic watermarking was conducted in the spatial domain, where suboptimal secure hashing with a variable length was selected in preprocessing stages. The secret key was generated by the chaotic sequence for pixel shuffling using a chaotic logistic map, so that a controlled amount of distortion was inserted into the host digital image. Watermarking was proceeded after the chaotic watermark had been embedded into the shuffled image. To strengthen the security, the hyper-chaotic system was used to generate chaotic blocks for block scrambling in order to achieve dual chaotic watermarking. Characteristics analysis was conducted for multiple examples in both spatial and frequency domains. Potential effects induced by the chaotic driving parameter on processing time and integrity authentication of chaotic dual watermarking were also analyzed in detail.

Variance Based Block Selective Digital Image Watermarking Scheme

With the increasing use of internet and major development in technology, transmission of digital media is being affected by a large number of illegal interventions. As a valuable solution to this, watermarking provides a secure way for channelizing the digital media (image, audio or video). Digital Watermarking is a method of embedding data (watermark) into a host image without degrading its original quality. This paper presents Digital Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain by finding the Mean and Variance of host image and using the well-known method of Least Significant Bit (LSB) to embed the watermark in a secure position. The experimental results analyze the strength of proposed watermarking algorithm against attacks like Salt and Pepper noise and Gaussian noise. KeywordsLeast Significant Bit (LSB), Salt and Pepper Noise, Spatial Domain, Variance, Watermarking

Effects of Spatial Domain Image Watermarking on Types of Printers and Printing Papers

This paper presents the performance investigations of the spatial domain image watermarking for camera-captured images on different types of printers and printable materials. We examine the effects of our previous watermarking method based on the modification of image pixels on three types of printers, i.e. inkjet, laser and photo printers, and four different types of printing papers, i.e. uncoated, matte, glossy and semi-glossy papers. In the experiments, the DSLR camera is used as tool to capture the printed watermarked images, while the image registration technique based on projective transformation is used to diminish the RST and perspective distortions in the captured image. The performances in terms of extracted watermark accuracy at equivalent watermarked image quality on different types of printers and printing papers are measured and compared.

Improving the Performance of Spatial Domain Image Watermarking with High Boost Filter

Authenticating in transaction of digital media becomes an active research field now a day. That is emerging due to the illegal use of digital media and hacking by unauthorized users. Spatial domain based watermarking methods are one of the authentication methods. These methods are not generally robust against intentional or unintentional changes in the images. In this paper, a new method is proposed to recover watermark more precisely in the spatial domain watermarking method. A high-boost filtering is utilized before executing watermark extraction procedure. The watermark information is magnified by preforming this filter. Effectiveness of this filter is proved by several experiment. Experimental results show that extraction performance of correlation based watermarking algorithm is improved by preforming this filter before recovery procedure.

Effect of Different Places in Applying Laplacian Filter on the Recovery Algorithm in Spatial Domain Watermarking

Generally, Laplacian filter is used to make an image more defined and enhanced. In this study, a comparison is toke place between the effects of different places of performing Laplacian filter on the power of the watermark recovery in spatial domain image watermarking. This filter is applied in two different places in the watermark recovery algorithm; before performing the watermark recovery and before take the correlation in the middle of recovery algorithm. The distinction between the watermark and UN water marked parts of the image are increased by this filter. Thus, watermark could recover significantly better by recovery algorithm. We intend to determine which of these places is more appropriate to apply this filter. A typical correlation based method is used as a representative of spatial domain watermarking methods. Several experiment are done to compare the effect of different places in applying proposed filter on quality of extracted watermark in correlation based watermarking algorithm.

Effect of Locations of using High Boost Filtering on the Watermark Recovery in Spatial Domain Watermarking

Generally, High Boost filter is used to emphasize high frequency components representing the image details without eliminating low frequency components representing the basic form of the signal. The dissimilarity between the watermark and unwatermarked parts of the image are increased by this filter. Thus, watermark could be recovered significantly better by recovery algorithm. In this paper, a comparison is taken place between the effects of different places of preforming High Boost filter on the reliability of the recovery methods in spatial domain image watermarking. This filter is convolved in two different places in the watermark extraction algorithm; before running the watermark extraction and before calculate the correlation in the middle of extraction. This paper concentrate to conclude which of these places is more proper to convolve this filter. A classic correlation based method is used as a representative of spatial domain watermarking. Several experiment are done to show which one of this places is more proper for preforming proposed filter.

Effect of Locations of Using High Boost Filtering on the Watermark Recovery in Spatial Domain Watermarking

Generally, High Boost filter is used to emphasize high frequency components representing the image details without eliminating low frequency components representing the basic form of the signal. The dissimilarity between the watermark and unwatermarked parts of the image are increased by this filter. Thus, watermark could be recovered significantly better by recovery algorithm. In this paper, a comparison is taken place between the effects of different places of preforming High Boost filter on the reliability of the recovery methods in spatial domain image watermarking. This filter is convolved in two different places in the watermark extraction algorithm; before running the watermark extraction and before calculate the correlation in the middle of extraction. This paper concentrate to conclude which of these places is more proper to convolve this filter. A classic correlation based method is used as a representative of spatial domain watermarking. Several experiment are done to show which one of this places is more proper for preforming proposed filter.

An Adaptive Data Hiding Technique for Digital Image Authentication

The proposed scheme combines the advantages of cryptographic concept and imperceptibility feature of digital image watermarking in spatial domain. The watermark is first generated based on one-way hash function with the help of user key. Each bit of this new generated watermark is then embedded into respective blocks of the original image, in raster scan order. The embedding is performed by modifying the average value of pixel intensity of each block within a range specified by the contrast value for a given block. This reduces the effects of the modification as perceived by the human eye. The extraction procedure computes and compares the sum of the pixels values for the blocks of the original and watermarked image. The results demonstrates the robustness of scheme against common image processing operations like cropping, modification, low pass filter, median pass filter, scaled down and lossy JPEG compression with various quality index factor. Results also illustrate that the watermark is secure, recoverable and recognizable even after the watermarked image has been tampered, forged and modified by common image processing operations. The comparative study of proposed scheme with existing scheme has also been performed to observe the strength of the scheme.

A New Spatial Domain Image Watermarking Scheme Resisting Geometric Attacks

In order to resist geometric attacks,a novel spatial domain image watermarking scheme (FAQ) using feature point and quantization is presented.The main methods adopted include:1) watermark synchronization is achieved by invariant local circular regions which can be generated using image locally most stable feature points;2) fan-shaped sub-regions are generated in a rotation invariant pattern by partitioning the local region,and the watermark bits are embedded in spatial domain by odd-even quantization;3) an odd-even detector is designed to extract the watermark blindly.Experimental results show that FAQ achieves high image quality,and it can efficiently resist traditional signal processing attacks,rotation/scaling/translation (RST) attacks as well as some combined attacks.

Geometric Attack Resistant Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain

摘要: 当前已有的水印算法多数无法抵抗几何攻击, 而现有抗几何攻击的水印算法大多数只能抵抗一定程度内的几何攻击. 本文提出了一个新的抗几何攻击的图像数字水印算法. 该算法在水印嵌入时, 先对原始图像进行分块, 然后对各个子块图像根据量化策略重复嵌入相应的 1bit 水印信息; 在水印提取时, 先将含水印图像进行分块, 然后对从各个子块图像中提取出的水印信息根据多数原则判定相应子块图像所含的 1bit 水印信息. 该算法简单、快速, 所能嵌入的水印信息量大, 并且在提取水印时无需原始图像. 实验结果表明, 该算法能够有效地抵抗很大程度的几何攻击及其组合攻击, 对常规的图像处理攻击也具有很强的稳健性. 关键词: 数字水印 / 几何攻击 / 版权保护

Adaptive Spatial Domain Image Watermarking Based on Support Vector Machine

Adaptive Spatial Domain Image Watermarking Based on Support Vector Machine