Spatial Accessibility Index Research Articles

도로 네트워크와 통행량 기반의 공간 접근성 지수가 주택가격에 미치는 영향

도로 네트워크와 통행량 기반의 공간 접근성 지수가 주택가격에 미치는 영향

Using a GIS to support the spatial reorganization of outpatient care services delivery in Italy

BackgroundStudying and measuring accessibility to care services has become a major concern for health care management, particularly since the global financial collapse. This study focuses on Tuscany, an Italian region, which is re-organizing its inpatient and outpatient systems in line with new government regulations. The principal aim of the paper is to illustrate the application of GIS methods with real-world scenarios to provide support to evidence-based planning and resource allocation in healthcare.MethodsSpatial statistics and geographical analyses were used to provide health care policy makers with a real scenario of accessibility to outpatient clinics. Measures for a geographical potential spatial accessibility index using the two-step floating catchment area method for outpatient services in 2015 were calculated and used to simulate the rationalization and reorganization of outpatient services. Parameters including the distance to outpatient clinics and volumes of activity were taken into account.ResultsThe spatial accessibility index and the simulation of reorganization in outpatient care delivery are presented through three cases, which highlight three different managerial strategies. The results revealed the municipalities where health policy makers could consider a new spatial location, a shutdown or combining selected outpatient clinics while ensuring equitable access to services.ConclusionsA GIS-based approach was designed to provide support to healthcare management and policy makers in defining evidence-based actions to guide the reorganization of a regional health care delivery system.The analysis provides an example of how GIS methods can be applied to an integrated framework of administrative health care and geographical data as a valuable instrument to improve the efficiency of healthcare service delivery, in relation to the population’s needs.

Quantifying spatial accessibility in public health practice and research: an application to on-premise alcohol outlets, United States, 2013

ObjectiveTo assess spatial accessibility measures to on-premise alcohol outlets at census block, census tract, county, and state levels for the United States.MethodsUsing network analysis in a geographic information system, we computed distance-based measures (Euclidean distance, driving distance, and driving time) to on-premise alcohol outlets for the entire U.S. at the census block level. We then calculated spatial access-based measures, specifically a population-weighted spatial accessibility index and population-weighted distances (Euclidean distance, driving distance, and driving time) to alcohol outlets at the census tract, county, and state levels. A multilevel model-based sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations between different on-premise alcohol outlet accessibility measures and excessive drinking outcomes.ResultsThe national average population-weighted driving time to the nearest 7 on-premise alcohol outlets was 5.89 min, and the average population-weighted driving distance was 2.63 miles. At the state level, population-weighted driving times ranged from 1.67 min (DC) to 15.29 min (Arizona). Population-weighted driving distances ranged from 0.67 miles (DC) to 7.91 miles (Arkansas). At the county level, population-weighted driving times and distances exhibited significant geographic variations, and averages for both measures increased by the degree of county rurality. The population-weighted spatial accessibility indexes were highly correlated to respective population-weighted distance measures. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that population weighted accessibility measures were more sensitive to excessive drinking outcomes than were population weighted distance measures.ConclusionsThese results can be used to assess the relationship between geographic access to on-premise alcohol outlets and health outcomes. This study demonstrates a flexible and robust method that can be applied or modified to quantify spatial accessibility to public resources such as healthy food stores, medical care providers, and parks and greenspaces, as well as, quantify spatial exposure to local adverse environments such as tobacco stores and fast food restaurants.

Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Mechanism of Medical Care Accessibility in Beijing: A Migrant Equality Perspective

Spatial equality of access to basic public services, especially medical care services which are directly related to life safety, is the first step to achieve the goal of equalization of basic public services for all the people proposed by central government of China. Using the spatial analysis and the statistical analysis, this study evaluates the spatial differentiation of medical care facilities accessibility by constructing STT (Shortest Travel-Time) and SAI (Spatial Accessibility Index). And then this study explores the neighborhood effects on the medical care facilities accessibility in Beijing, with a particular focus on the effect of neighborhood migrant proportion by constructing spatial dependent regression model. The spatial accessibility analysis of medical care facilities show that the spatial distribution of medical care facilities was basically consistent with administrative regions but not with population demands. Bivariate LISA cluster maps identify that suburban areas are the overlapped clusters of high percent of migrants and limited medical care services. This is associated with the public service allocation rule in China, which stresses equality within urban areas and within rural areas but overlooks equality between urban areas and rural areas; and stresses local resident demands but overlooks migrant demands. To estimate the effects on medical care accessibility of neighborhood migrant proportion, spatial dependence models are applied due to spatial dependence of accessibility of medical care facilities. The regression results show that neighborhoods with high percent of migrants, even conditioning on neighborhood SES, are related to limited spatial accessibility of medical care services. Besides neighborhood characteristics, another important factor influencing spatial accessibility of medical care services is the process of spatial spillover effects. This indicates that the attenuate accessibility of medical care services for migrants is not only because of their own constraints but also because of their proximity to other disadvantaged neighborhoods. Therefore, it is urgently needed to increase the medical facilities in the suburban areas, to take into account migrants’ demands and to reduce residential segregation between local residents and migrants for local governments to achieve the goal of equalization of medical care service.

Physician Multisite Practicing: Impact on Access to Care.

Physician multisite practicing may affect access to care. However, study measuring the degree of multisite practicing is generally lacking. This study aimed to describe physician multisite practicing patterns in Georgia and to assess its impact on access to care. Using data from the Georgia Medicaid Management Information System, the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile, and the US Census, mean number of practice sites per physician was calculated. Counts of sites per physician were then modeled in a negative binomial regression. Local differences in spatial accessibility were assessed based on single-site verse multisite practice locations. Among 20,116 physicians (mean age, 49.4 years; 30.5% female) in Georgia, 63.2% reported multiple practice sites. The average practice sites per physician was 3.3 overall, 2.6 for primary care physicians, and 3.6 for other physicians. Younger age, male sex, and practicing in group practice setting were associated with a higher number of practice sites per physician. Spatial accessibility index changed substantially when controlling for multiple practice sites. Physician multisite practicing was prevalent and affected geographic access to care. More research and investment into health workforce information infrastructure seem warranted to accommodate changing physician practice patterns in data collection and dissemination.

Accessibility Analysis of Health care facility using Geospatial Techniques

Abstract Health care is one of the most important facility and it helps to improve the quality of life and social welfare of modern society. Recent advances in the field of health geography have greatly improved our understanding of the role played by geographic distribution of health services in population health maintenance. This study presents a two stages methodology to evaluate the existing locations of healthcare facilities in Thiruverumbur block, Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu, India and includes to identify the optimal site for new healthcare facility. Firstly, the Spatial Accessibility index to healthcare facilities are measured using Three Step Floating Catchment Area (3SFCA) in a geospatial framework, considering three variables; namely, attractiveness of healthcare facilities, travel time or distance between the locations of the service centre and the residence, and population demand for healthcare facilities. This index would define the disparity region in the healthcare accessibility in the block. Secondly, the Multi-criteria decision analysis would be developed to find optimal sites for new healthcare facility in the deprived area. The analysis also includes road network analysis, to determine the closest facility and shortest route to these healthcare facilities from the population. The study is thus, recommended as a spatial decision support system for urban policy makers regarding accessibility of healthcare facilities in the urban and rural area.

SPATIAL TRANSIT ACCESSIBILITY MODELING OF INDIAN METROPOLITAN CITY IN GIS ENVIRONMENT

With increase in city size and population in developing country like India, the travel demand is increasing very fast which calls for an efficient and effective transit to fulfill the demand of travelling public. The transit accessibility is one of the most alarming factors of the increased urbanized areas of these cities. The case study presented the spatial transit accessibility index modeling with due consideration factors viz. walking distance and walking time of the study area. The spatial accessibility is measured on the basis of home interview data and as well on GIS base to develop Accessibility Catchments through buffering process for different accessibility scales of radius of 250m, 350m etc. The catchment areas marked provide the scope to identify Accessibility Thirst Areas. The research work further addresses the development of proposed LOS for both distance and time units. The transit accessibility index modeling and proposed LOS of the present study shows the promising results and can apply to the same sized urban cities. These findings presented in the paper are case specific and can be apply as a base for finding the spatial accessibility status for metropolitan cities.

Indoor Spatial Model and Accessibility Index for Emergency Evacuation of People with Disabilities

AbstractAlthough indoor emergency evacuation drills, simulations, and plans are addressed and well covered in literature, little attention is currently paid to the evacuation of people with disabilities (PWD). Routing is a major process in all indoor emergency evacuations, simulations, and plans. Current indoor emergency evacuation routing algorithms find the shortest path or attempt to balance the traffic on exit doors. However, accessibility is more important than travel distance during the emergency evacuation of PWD. A spatial model, an accessibility index assigned to appropriate elements in the spatial model, and a way-finding technique are the major requirements of such routing. Existing spatial models of buildings are general purpose, fall short of efficiently and effectively handling emergency evacuations, and do not take into account the requirements of PWD. This paper proposes a spatial model for indoors which is specifically developed for the routing requirements of PWD during emergency evacuat...