Spark Ignition Engine Research Articles

Performance, Emissions, and Combustion Analysis of Gasoline-Ethanol-Methanol Blends in a Spark-Ignition Engine

Performance, Emissions, and Combustion Analysis of Gasoline-Ethanol-Methanol Blends in a Spark-Ignition Engine

NOx reduction in hydrogen-fueled direct-injected spark ignition (DISI) engine using post-injection strategy: Experimental and chemical kinetics approaches

NOx reduction in hydrogen-fueled direct-injected spark ignition (DISI) engine using post-injection strategy: Experimental and chemical kinetics approaches

Combustion and emissions of a spark-ignition ammonia-hydrogen engine at lean combustion conditions

Combustion and emissions of a spark-ignition ammonia-hydrogen engine at lean combustion conditions

Investigation of an optimal exhaust gas recirculation rate on a four-stroke spark-ignited LPG engine

Investigation of an optimal exhaust gas recirculation rate on a four-stroke spark-ignited LPG engine

Strategies for Optimizing Efficiency and Reducing Emissions Footprint in Spark Ignition Engine Power Plants Using Ethanol and CNG

Strategies for Optimizing Efficiency and Reducing Emissions Footprint in Spark Ignition Engine Power Plants Using Ethanol and CNG

Understanding the role of thermo-diffusive instabilities in hydrogen combustion for lean-burn spark-ignition engine operation

Understanding the role of thermo-diffusive instabilities in hydrogen combustion for lean-burn spark-ignition engine operation

A Review of Swirl Air Intake Effect on the Performance of a Compression Ignition Engine

Compression Ignition (CI) engines are highly efficient power sources compared to Spark Ignition (SI) engines and currently play a significant role in the transportation and industrial sectors. However, the engine has constraints with low engine performance, high fuel consumption and emissions levels which require continuous improvement. There are various designs of air intake systems to meet a specific engine operating range, still, there will be less actual amount of fresh charge entering the cylinder compared to the theoretical value due to the short cycle time available. The application of the existing air intake system becomes the main focus since the air resistance presented in the system is causing more pressure drop, reducing volumetric efficiency. This requires a comprehensive review of the patented or commercial air intake devices in proposing an improved air intake manifold design. Swirl in the intake air is an additional characteristic knowingly able to increase the fuel and air mixing rate for better combustion, thus reducing the exhaust gas emissions. However, the air resistance may also reduce the efficiency of the air swirl formed within the intake manifold, thus restricting the potential for combustion improvement. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of swirl air intake in the compression ignition engine due to the continuous issue of emission quality. Differences in intake designs, flow characteristics, numerical study, and other issues associated with engine performance are also thoroughly discussed in this review paper.

Advancements in plasma technology for circular waste management and green hydrogen production: A review

Plasma-based tertiary recycling offers a profitable solution for converting mixed and contaminated waste into high-grade energy, providing a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels and supporting sustainable development goals. Technological innovations in plasma generation have enabled efficient waste-to-energy conversion without the need for segregation, disinfection, or preprocessing, making integrated plasma gasification viable for mixed waste. This review explores recent advancements in plasma generation methods and various plasma torch configurations for waste management, evaluating their techno-economic feasibility. Case studies highlight successful applications in reducing landfill dependency and enhancing circular economy practices. Plasma gasification of 1 kg of waste requires 0.37–0.5 kWh of electricity and can generate approximately 0.87–0.97 kWh using internal combustion (IC) engines or up to 1.1–1.47 kWh with gas turbines. From the lifecycle assessment of various waste disposal methodologies, plasma-based gasification has a global warming potential of 0.205 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2e) per kg of waste, compared to incineration (0.700–1.2 kg CO2e/kg), open burning (2.9 kg CO2e/kg), and landfilling (0.781 kg CO2e/kg). This review emphasizes the suitability of IC engines (η = 12%–21%), gas turbines, and integrated gas–steam turbines for small-, medium-, and large-scale waste-to-energy applications, respectively. It also explores lifecycle studies and artificial intelligence integration for waste management to achieve sustainable goals by diverting waste from landfills and generating renewable energy and by-products. Additionally, it highlights the potential of mobile plants with 18% overall efficiency using direct current arc plasma gasification combined with spark ignition engines.

The Effect of Hydrogen on Performance of Internal Combustion Engine Fueled by Compressed Natural Gas

The natural gas can readily serve as the replacement fuel for internal combustion engines. This work tested the SI engine when running on a hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (CNG) mixture. The modelling has been implemented at a range of engine speeds from 1000 to 5500 rpm with a full load, direct injection, and a spark-ignited engine with a compression ratio of 10. Engine performance influences were examined, especially regarding brake power, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), in addition to the combustion characteristics like cylinder temperature and pressure. A Lotus Engine Simulation program was used for analyzing and modeling. The results demonstrated that the best performance and combustion characteristics were with mixtures that have increased in the H2 percentage. The results show that the brake power and BTE increased, and the BSFC decreased with the increase of hydrogen in the mixture. It was found that the brake power and BTE increased by 2% and 21% for HCNG 25, and the best reduction in BSFC was 6% for HCNG 20 compared to the CNG. It was also observed that maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax) and temperature (Tmax) increase with increasing percentage of H2 in the mixture.

A novel approach for exhaust gas recirculation stratification in a spark-ignition engine

A novel approach for exhaust gas recirculation stratification in a spark-ignition engine

Simulated-based combustion system development in a direct-injection spark-ignited hydrogen engine

Simulated-based combustion system development in a direct-injection spark-ignited hydrogen engine

Experimental and predictive analysis of knock inducing factors for HCNG-fueled spark ignition engines

Experimental and predictive analysis of knock inducing factors for HCNG-fueled spark ignition engines

Improving the Efficiency of an Energy System with an Internal Combustion Engine Using a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

This paper explores the possibility of using a solid oxide fuel cell as part of an energy system with an internal combustion engine running on bioethanol, incorporating thermochemical waste gas heat recovery. The main goal of the research is to determine the efficiency of energy con-version in energy systems with deep waste gas heat recovery. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: based on experimental studies of a spark-ignition engine running on bioethanol, determine the parameters of the process for synthesizing gas through thermochemical conver-sion; theoretically investigate the efficiency of using a solid oxide fuel cell in combination with a bioethanol thermochemical conversion reactor. The most significant result is the determination of the volt-ampere characteristic of the solid oxide fuel cell and the identification of the poten-tial heat recovery capacity of the internal combustion engine exhaust gases through deep heat recovery. The significance of the obtained results lies in the theoretical and experimental valida-tion of efficient energy conversion of synthesis gas in a solid oxide fuel cell, achieving a high thermodynamic efficiency of the cell (0.95–0.75). The proposed energy system configuration, based on an internal combustion engine running on bioethanol with thermochemical waste heat recovery, allows for a 6.5% increase in the overall system power output. This contributes to re-duced fuel consumption and improved environmental performance. The research findings can be applied in the design and development of highly efficient energy systems with internal com-bustion engines for various applications.

Performance and emissions of natural gas/hydrogen blends in large-bore spark-ignition engines

Performance and emissions of natural gas/hydrogen blends in large-bore spark-ignition engines

Combustion characteristics of a spark ignition engine fueled by high proportion ethanol-gasoline blends: A simulation approach

This research aims to find the effects of ethanol-gasoline blends on the combustion process of an automobile engine by a simulation approach. A comprehensive simulation model was developed based on dedicated AVL Boost and to be validated by experiment data. The engine model was controlled to operate with different ethanol-gasoline blends. In addition, the use of HHO as an additional supplement in the intake system was considered as a solution for the engine's technical performance and combustion process. The simulation process was carried out with various ethanol blending ratios ranging from E100 to E50, as well as conventional gasoline. HHO was introduced into the intake manifold as an additive at a ratio of 0.1% by volume the intake air, with the aim of improving the combustion quality in engines using ethanol-gasoline blends. Combustion characteristics such as in-cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rate (RoHR), and Mass Fraction Burned (MFB) were analyzed and evaluated across different fuel scenarios. The simulation results showed that for high ethanol blends (from E70 to E100), the combustion process tended to be slower, as indicated by a decrease in peak pressure, peak temperature, and RoHR. In contrast, the E50 blend yielded better performance, with improvements in all these indicators. When HHO was added to the intake as an additive, it enhanced the combustion process, reflected in increased pressure, temperature, and RoHR. The impact of HHO became more pronounced with higher ethanol content in the fuel, especially in the E100 blend.

Influence of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Knock in a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Ethanol–Gasoline Blends

<div>Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is widely used in spark ignition engines to reduce throttling losses, decrease exhaust gas temperatures, increase efficiency, and suppress knock. However, the effectiveness of EGR as a knock suppressor is dependent on the fuel type and operating condition. In this study, the effectiveness of EGR to suppress knock was tested with E10, E30, E50, E75, and E100 at a moderately boosted condition. It was found that EGR was effective at suppressing knock with E10, but high EGR rates were required to achieve a knock suppression effect with E30 and E50. No knock suppression effect was observed with E75 and E100 across all tested EGR rates. With E30 and E50, EGR that was passed through a three-way catalyst was more effective at suppressing knock at all EGR rates. Chemkin modeling with neat ethanol revealed that nitric oxide enhanced ignition by increasing the hydroxyl radical concentration in the end gas, resulting in earlier auto-ignition. Directly seeding nitric oxide in the intake system with neat ethanol resulted in an increase in knock intensity, which required a knock-limited CA50 retard of 3.5 crank angle degrees with 660 ppm of nitric oxide.</div>

Experimental study on early flame dynamics in an optically accessible hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine

Experimental study on early flame dynamics in an optically accessible hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engine

Towards an Optimised Lean Burn Operating Strategy for an Ammonia-Hydrogen Co-fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

Towards an Optimised Lean Burn Operating Strategy for an Ammonia-Hydrogen Co-fuelled Spark Ignition Engine

Experimental research of water direct injection in the cylinder for the nitrogen oxides reduction and high load extension of the hydrogen direct injection spark ignition engine

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine (H 2 ICE), along with fuel cells, can play an important role in the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure. However, due to the high-temperature during the combustion process, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are produced, and the low minimum ignition energy of hydrogen can lead to abnormal combustion, such as pre-ignition and backfire, under high-load operating conditions. Therefore, injecting water into the H 2 ICE to reduce the temperature in the combustion chamber can be an effective method to address both issues. However, injecting water into the intake port has the disadvantage of reducing volumetric efficiency after vaporization, so that it is more effective to inject water directly into the combustion chamber. In this study, dual direct injection technology was applied to a hydrogen direct injection system, where water was also directly injected into the combustion chamber, to experimentally implement a method for reducing NOx while improving the highest load. The injection timings and quantities of water injection were varied at 1500 rpm, and the extent of maximum power improvement through water injection was determined under conditions just before knocking occurred. The results showed that the maximum NOx reduction rate through water injection reached 80%, and the highest load could also be improved by 16% with water direct injection.

Comparative Analysis of Engine Efficiency and Emission Using Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in Spark Ignition Engines

The increasing global demand for energy, coupled with growing concerns about climatechange, air pollution, and energy security, has highlighted the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation solutions. Spark Ignition Engines (SIEs), which are widely used in vehicles, are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Therefore, exploring alternative fuels that can reduce the environmental impact of SIEs while enhancing their efficiency is crucial. This study investigates the performance and efficiency of a Spark Ignition Engine (SIE) when powered by Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) separately, evaluating Key parameters analyzed include torque, power output, thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and fuel consumption. Experimental tests and simulations were conducted to compare engine performance under varying conditions. The results indicate that LPG delivers superior thermal efficiency and lower emissions than PMS, supporting its viability for cleaner energy applications. The study underscores the potential benefits of LPG-powered.