To explore stakeholders' perspectives on (1) the cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the Greek, Italian and Spanish versions of the iSupport for Dementia program and (2) strategies to implement the iSupport program in Australia. A qualitative descriptive study was applied. Data were collected from focus groups with family carers of people with dementia from Greek-, Italian- and Spanish-speaking backgrounds and bilingual and bicultural health and social care professionals in community aged care settings in Australia. The reflective thematic analysis method was used to identify themes from the data. The COREQ checklist for qualitative research was followed to report this study. We found that stakeholders would like to see inclusive language used in the iSupport program to empower and engage carers in the program. They also suggested that the iSupport program should meet diverse learning needs and preferences for carers. They would like to see bilingual and bicultural staff deliver the iSupport program to carers and coach carers based on their individual needs. They suggested that the methods used in carer peer support should be socially inclusive in the digital age. In addition, they would like to see the iSupport program integrated into aged care services. Implementing the iSupport for Dementia program in multiple languages that incorporates peer support and coaching activities for carers is an opportunity to address health inequalities for people with dementia and their carers from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Training and supporting bilingual and bicultural health and social care professionals is vital for embedding the iSupport program in aged care services.

Genetic cancer risk knowledge among Mexican pathogenic variant carriers.

Adaptation and validation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in Ecuadorian university students.

ABSTRACT Gambling-related harm (GRH) extends beyond addiction, affecting multiple life domains, yet validated tools for its assessment are currently lacking for the Spanish population. This study adapted and validated a Spanish version of the Gambling-Related Harm Checklist (GRH-CL) and developed a short form (S-SGHS) to quantify GRH and facilitate population-level metrics. A Spanish survey of 800 individuals, with gambling experience in the past year, assessed their gambling behaviors, GRH (via the 72-item GRH-CL), the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), and quality of life (SF-6D, TECVASP). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a unidimensional structure for the 72-item. Using a genetic algorithm and manual Item Response Theory (IRT) selection, a 12-item short form (S-SGHS) was derived, showing strong internal consistency and gender invariance. The S-SGHS demonstrated good predictive validity over the PGSI for quality of life (SF-6D, TECVASP), highlighting its sensitivity to subtle harms. Results underscore the need for culturally tailored instruments. The S-SGHS enables nuanced public health evaluations, informing preventive strategies beyond clinical addiction frameworks. This study provides the first validated Spanish tool for GRH assessment, advancing insights into gambling’s multifaceted impacts.

More than 70% of stroke survivors suffer from upper extremity paresis, which limits the ability to perform activities of daily living. To guide rehabilitation, specific tools that accurately evaluate upper limb function are essential. The Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS) is a stroke-specific assessment tool that evaluates functional capacity of the upper limb. It is quick to administer, requires no specialized equipment, and is a cost-effective option for routine clinical use. The aims of this study were to adapt the SULCS transculturally to Spanish and to examine its clinimetric properties. For cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish, we employed a "translation/back-translation" approach and evaluated its feasibility in routine neurorehabilitation. A multicenter study was conducted in Spanish post-stroke patients (n = 56) to validate the clinimetric properties of the instrument. The translation into Spanish was completed without major difficulties. Reliability analysis, including test-retest and inter-operator, demonstrated almost perfect agreement for the Spanish SULCS, with weighted Cohen's kappa values of 0.8755 (95% CI: 0.5991-1.1519) and 0.8988 (95% CI: 0.7343-1.0632) respectively. The minimal detectable change indicated high sensitivity (0.72 at the 95% confidence level). The SULCS showed excellent concurrent validity with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (r = 0.9533), the Action Research Arm Test (r = 0.9730), and the Box and Block Test (r = 0.9247). No floor or ceiling effects were observed. The Spanish version of the SULCS presented excellent clinimetric properties. Its characteristics make it a useful tool for assessing upper limb functional capacity in the Spanish post-stroke population.

The Eating Disorder-15 (ED-15) questionnaire measures core symptoms of eating disorders (EDs) and is used to track session-by-session symptom change during treatment. The ED-15 was found to have good validity and reliability with a two-factor structure in the original English version, as well as in the Portuguese, Spanish, and Turkish versions. The aim of the current study was to examine the psychometric qualities and factor structure of the Dutch version of the ED-15 (ED-15-NL). Fifty-nine patients with an ED (currently receiving CBT-T treatment) and 513 non-clinical controls completed a set of questionnaires, including measures pertaining to ED-pathology (ED-15-NL, and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; EDE-Q), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9). The ED-15-NL provided evidence supporting the originally two-factor structure, good concurrent validity (i.e., strong correlations with the EDE-Q) and good divergent validity (i.e., differentiated well between EDs, and between symptoms of depression and anxiety). The ED-15-NL also provided evidence supporting excellent reliability (i.e., internal consistency, test-retest reliability) and high sensitivity to change. The findings show preliminary support for the reliability and validity of ED-15-NL scores for session-by-session assessment of changes in ED-symptoms, despite the relatively small clinical sample. The ED-15-NL therefore represents not only a valuable tool for clinical practice, but also a useful instrument for scientific research.

English and Spanish versions of Diego Palacios's review of The Safetyfication of Education, an open access book in which author Marta Estellés examines the dominance of safety discourses in education and its connection with neoliberalism.

To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the short version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire for use in Spanish populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of children aged 3-14 years attending private dental clinics, primary healthcare centers, and a university dental clinic. The adaptation process included forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing. Psychometric evaluation of 334 valid responses was performed. Exploratory factor analyses examined the seven parenting dimensions and Baumrind's three parenting styles, and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The Spanish version showed satisfactory structural validity, replicating the three parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive) and a coherent seven-dimension structure after removing three items (25, 26, 28) to improve reliability. Subscale internal consistency was acceptable (α = 0.84 authoritative; 0.74 authoritarian; 0.63 permissive). The authoritative style was most prevalent (M = 4.35, SD = 0.45). The final instrument included 29 items and showed improved reliability (α = 0.548). The short PSDQ was successfully translated and culturally adapted for Spanish-speaking parents, demonstrating adequate validity and reliability. The validated instrument provides a practical and culturally appropriate tool for assessing parenting behaviors, with applications in research, clinical practice, and pediatric dentistry.

Stigma remains a pervasive barrier to curbing the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents and young adults in Lima, Peru. Social media offers a promising avenue for scalable, youth-centered stigma reduction, but few interventions have been rigorously evaluated in this context. We evaluated the potential of a social media campaign to reduce perceived HIV-related stigma among young adults living with HIV. This involved a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study, including a randomized evaluation, followed by focus groups to understand the findings. 150 young adults (aged 18-29 years) living with HIV (YLWH) were randomized to receive information on social media from one of the following: (1) the control account; (2) the control account and the social media campaign accounts (Instagram and TikTok); or (3) the control account, the campaign accounts, and the accounts of participating influencers. Perceived stigma was measured via pre- and post-campaign surveys using Spanish versions of the abridged Berger HIV Stigma Scale and the Stigma Stress Scale. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of participants to contextualize quantitative results. Qualitative data were analyzed using Framework Analysis. Mean changes in HIV Stigma and Stigma Stress scores were small and not statistically significant. Post-hoc as-treated analyses supported these findings. Fidelity to intervention allocation was low to moderate, depending on the metric considered. Qualitative data suggested that the campaign positively impacted participants' perceived stigma and that personal circumstances, crossover, frequency of exposure to content, and issues related to completing study questionnaires contributed to the lack of meaningful change in stigma scores. While quantitative data did not support that exposure to a social media campaign led to meaningful reductions in HIV-related stigma, qualitative data suggested that the campaign had a positive impact and that limitations in the study design, together with external factors, may have obscured benefits in quantitative analyses.

Complex Care Programs (CCPs) have formed to meet the needs of children with medical complexity (CMC). The effectiveness of CCPs vary for unknown reasons. One explanation for CCP success may involve specific outcomes of the relationships between families of CMC and CCP clinicians. We sought to develop a parent-reported questionnaire, the Relational Outcomes (ReOs) Measure, to assess these relationship outcomes. The ReOs Measure was designed to capture 5 outcomes of relationships between CCPs and families: Interpersonal trust and respect; Trust regarding shared knowledge and responsibility; Understanding and being understood; Confidence and self-efficacy; and Comprehensive perspective suffused with caring. Parents of children receiving care from the CCP at a children's hospital and health professionals assessed whether the items were clear and whether the measure included all important aspects of their relationship with the CCP. We developed 15 questionnaire items based on prior research and clinical experience and conducted interviews with 14 parents: 9 for the English version and 5 for the Spanish version. Parents reported the items were clear and understandable and were able to give examples for each item from their own experience. Parents affirmed that the items captured important aspects of their relationship with the CCP. Based on parent feedback, 14 items were retained without change, 1 item was revised, and 1 new item was added. The ReOs Measure assesses key outcomes of the relationship between CCPs and families of CMC.

This study examines the validity of the Spanish version of the Scientific Epistemic Beliefs (SEB) Questionnaire among university students in northeastern Mexico, considering multiple sources of evidence. The SEB measures four dimensions of epistemic beliefs: Source, Certainty, Development, and Justification. Data from pilot (n = 150) and main (n = 791) samples were analyzed using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (EFA, CFA), Item Response Theory (IRT), and Differential Item Functioning (DIF). The results provided evidence consistent with a four-factor model, with adequate internal consistency (α = 0.85) and acceptable-to-good fit indices (CFI = 0.944, TLI = 0.936, RMSEA = 0.067, SRMR = 0.071) for a 22-item scale. IRT analyses indicated strong item discrimination, with Source and Certainty covering a broad range of the latent trait, while Development and Justification were more informative at lower to moderate levels. DIF analyses indicated negligible differences in item functioning by gender and academic semester, with minor DIF detected across faculties. Non-parametric analyses identified statistically significant but small differences, with females scoring slightly higher across all dimensions and variations also observed across academic semesters and faculties. Descriptive comparisons with published international data provide contextual evidence within a broader cross-cultural framework.

Updating the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ): A new Spanish adaptation and validation

Study DesignMulticenter, cross-sectional study of cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of a patient-reported outcome measure.ObjectiveTo adapt and validate the Spanish version of the AO Spine Patient-Reported Outcome Spine Trauma (PROST) questionnaire for assessing functional outcomes in patients with traumatic spinal injuries.MethodsThe translation followed Beaton's standardized cross-cultural adaptation process: forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and final version development. Adult patients (≥18years) with spinal trauma within the last 13months were recruited from 4 Level 1 trauma centers across Latin America. Exclusion criteria included polytrauma (ISS >15), complete paralysis (ASIA A-B), and cognitive impairment. Participants completed the Spanish PROST and the SF-36. Concurrent validity was evaluated using Spearman's correlation between PROST and SF-36 domains. Internal consistency was assessed via Cronbach's alpha.ResultsA total of 108 patients were included (mean age 46 ± 15.8years; 57% male). The Spanish PROST showed excellent internal consistency (α > 0.96). It showed a strong correlation with the SF-36 Physical Functioning domain (rs = 0.83; P < 0.0001) and moderate to strong correlations with Vitality, Mental Health, Bodily Pain, and Social Functioning (rs = 0.54-0.64; P < 0.0001). Moderate correlations were also found with Role Physical and Role Emotional.ConclusionThe Spanish AO Spine PROST is a valid, reliable tool for assessing functional outcomes in spinal trauma patients. These findings support its use in both clinical practice and research settings within Spanish-speaking populations.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Rapid Prime Diet Quality Score Screener (rPDQS) for Spanish primary care.

Nursing students-including those specializing in mental health and psychiatric care-as well as practicing psychiatric nurses frequently experience elevated levels of psychological stress. Such stress can adversely affect their academic performance, overall well-being, and future professional development. Accurate assessment of perceived stress is essential for identifying individuals at risk and for designing targeted support strategies. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the 14-, 10-, and 4-item versions of the Perceived Stress Scale, evaluating their validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and diagnostic utility using salivary cortisol as a physiological benchmark. Participants completed the Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale, the Sense of Coherence-13 scale, and provided morning salivary cortisol samples. Confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency assessment, measurement invariance testing across demographic subgroups, hypothesis testing, and Area Under the Curve-Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis using cortisol as a criterion standard were performed. The Perceived Stress Scale (14- and 10-item format) demonstrated a stable two-factor structure, high internal consistency, and measurement invariance across gender, educational level, employment status, and living arrangements. It also showed correlations with Sense of Coherence-13 scale scores. While it demonstrated moderate sensitivity relative to physiological stress (salivary cortisol), its specificity was lower. The Perceived Stress Scale-10 emerged as the most psychometrically robust and practical version for assessing perceived stress. Its use in educational and mental health settings may support early identification of individuals under high stress and facilitate the implementation of targeted interventions to promote well-being.

The goal of the study was to establish normative values for the Voice Handicap Index Scale, in its short form of only 10 items (VHI-10) in a Spanish sample without voice problem from a large area of southeastern Spain. The sample consisted of 709 adults, aged 18 to 92 years, of whom 361 were women and 348 were men. Inclusion criteria were to be native Spanish speakers, to be over 18 years of age or older, to be able to complete the VHI-10 independently, and to not have suffered a formally-diagnosed voice disorder before or at the moment of the study. The normative values obtained for the VHI-10 scale were a mean score of 4.70 and a standard deviation of 2.91. The cut-off threshold was established at a score of 10.5. Percentile values were also calculated. The current study presents normative values for the VHI-10 scale that have not previously been available in Spain. It is expected that these values can be used as a reference to detect possible voice disorders and to grade vocal disorders.

Introduction: Workplace mobbing is a psychosocial risk factor associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Accurate assessment of this phenomenon is essential for both research and applied settings; however, validated brief instruments in Spanish remain limited. The Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing Scale (LWMS) is a short measure with sound psychometric properties that allows efficient evaluation of exposure to workplace mobbing. Objective: Translation and validation of the LWMS into Spanish in adults. Methods: A total of 345 adults (51.3% women) participated, completing a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychological instruments. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling and item response theory. Results: The LWMS demonstrated adequate content validity; a unidimensional structure (CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.04 [90% CI: 0.001, 0.092], SRMR = 0.02); and reliability (ω = 0.79, H = 0.86 and rxx = 0.78). In addition, significant associations were found with depressive symptoms (r = 0.37, p = 0.001), generalised anxiety (r = 0.38, p = 0.001), and suicidal ideation (r = 0.27, p = 0.001). Item 2 showed the highest discrimination and information, and the scale proved to be accurate at higher levels of workplace mobbing. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the LWMS shows solid evidence of validity and reliability, supporting its use as a brief and precise instrument for assessing workplace mobbing in adult populations. Its strong psychometric performance and clinical relevance make it suitable for research, screening, and preventive interventions in occupational settings.

In the current digital landscape, ensuring optimal usability is one of the most crucial factors determining the success of any mobile app. Questionnaire-based usability evaluations represent a highly prevalent methodology for this purpose. To date, questionnaires have been developed to assess the general system usability; however, there are hardly any questionnaires specifically designed to assess the usability of mobile health (mHealth) apps. The most widespread, the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ), has been developed in 4 versions according to the type of app (interactive or standalone) and the target user (patient or provider). The objective of this study was to translate and validate the English version of the MAUQ (standalone, for patients) into a Spanish version (S-MAUQ). The methodology used here follows that proposed by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat, which comprises 4 stages. The initial stage of the process entails a translation, harmonization, and adaptation procedure. The second and third entailed content validation (by 10 experts) and face validation (by 12 target users), respectively, which were conducted to evaluate the relevance and clarity of the questionnaire items. The item-level content validity index, scale content validity index (S-CVI), item-level face validity index, and scale face validity index (S-FVI), as well as the modified kappa statistic (κ) were used to evaluate interrater agreement among the raters, considering the probability of agreement by chance (Pc). The fourth and final stage of the process involved the assessment of the questionnaire's reliability. A sample of 61 young adult participants installed an mHealth app (the Yazio app), used it, and responded to the S-MAUQ. The Cronbach α value for the entire questionnaire and its subscales were then calculated. For the second stage, the S-CVI was initially 0.778. We removed items #14 and #15 from the Spanish version as they were unclear and not relevant. The S-CVI changed to 0.881. The third stage had an S-FVI of 0.927, indicating that the items are clear and straightforward for the nonexpert target user to understand. Furthermore, with each κ value >0.74, the validity of the instrument is supported. The fourth stage demonstrated the reliability of the S-MAUQ with a Cronbach α value of 0.87. The final version of the S-MAUQ met the validation criteria, demonstrating reliability and validity that are comparable with those of the original version. Consequently, the S-MAUQ is suitable for evaluating the usability of mHealth apps for young Spanish adults. Further research involving larger and more diverse samples is recommended.

There is considerable variability in the literacy assessments taken in Kindergarten through second grade, across schools and between multilingual learners and other students, and within students over time. This makes it difficult to study changes in students’ acquisition of ELA skills in these formative years, or to evaluate policies and practices meant to support literacy development. Here we examine several popular early grade assessments—the MAP, ACCESS, DIBELS, TRC English & Spanish versions, and apply a novel approach to combining information to develop latent scores of students’ literacy development. We find each assessment provides information that is predictive of students’ development toward third grade literacy outcomes (ELA grades and state assessment scores), with different strengths and weaknesses, and considerable overlap among them. We further provide evidence of strong predictive validity for the combined scale, even in post-COVID-19 years, suggesting that we could leverage existing assessment information to produce metrics for studying school, district, and state policies and practices around literacy development.

The early identification of psychosis risk is critical, particularly within the first 2 years of the at-risk phase, as timely intervention may reduce the likelihood of transitioning to psychosis. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS-S) interview. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 36 individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR), 43 with First-Episode Psychosis (FEP), and 14 matched controls, all of whom were part of the Early Intervention Program in Catalonia. Data collection involved clinical interviews and multiple validated scales, including the CAARMS-S, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II), and the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL). Reliability testing showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93) and inter-observer reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.92]. Construct validity was supported by significant differences in PANSS positive subscale scores among UHR, FEP, and control groups (p < 0.001). Strong correlations were observed between CAARMS-S and PANSS subscales (positive: r = 0.608; negative: r = 0.495; general: r = 0.577). After 6 months, only one UHR participant (3.3%) transitioned to psychosis. Both CAARMS-S and PANSS were sensitive to changes in positive symptoms, with CAARMS-S being more responsive to negative symptoms and PANSS to general psychopathology. These findings confirm that CAARMS-S is a reliable, valid, and sensitive tool for identifying and monitoring individuals at risk of psychosis in Spanish-speaking clinical settings, supporting its use in early intervention programs.