The saturation degree of dietary fatty acids alters the phenotypes of lipoprotein subclasses and plasma metabolome in piglets.

Nutritional alternatives to commercial lipid sources: Impact of the dietary inclusion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil on broiler chicken productivity, breast meat quality traits and caeca microbiome.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of soybean oil nanoemulsion compared with conventional soybean oil under different dietary energy levels on the performance, metabolism, nutrient utilization, and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 360 male Ross 308 broilers were allocated to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising two oil sources (soybean oil nanoemulsion vs. conventional soybean oil) and three dietary energy levels (recommended, −50, and −100 kcal/kg), in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates, and 15 birds per replicate. Across 42 days, growth performance (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality) did not differ among treatments. Carcass yield was unaffected, although breast yield increased at −100 kcal/kg, abdominal fat was elevated at −50 kcal/kg, and digestive tract proportion decreased at −100 kcal/kg (P<0.05). Lipid metabolism showed distinct oil × energy interactions: low-density lipoprotein spiked with nanoemulsion at −50 kcal/kg, triglycerides increased with nanoemulsion at −100 kcal/kg, while soybean oil maintained lower levels. Energy reduction increased high-density lipoprotein but reduced alkaline phosphatase activity (P<0.05). Intestinal morphology revealed elongated villi at −100 kcal/kg without changes in crypts. Nutrient digestibility and metabolizable energy were enhanced by nanoemulsion only at standard energy; these benefits were lost under restriction (P<0.05). Regarding meat quality, nanoemulsion improved oxidative stability under reduced energy, lowering malondialdehyde values (P<0.05), while energy reduction increased pH but did not alter water‑holding capacity or proximate composition. Soybean oil nanoemulsion can enhance nutrient utilization and meat oxidative stability in broilers, but its advantages are strongly dependent on adequate dietary energy supply.

Storage stability of food-grade bimodal oil-in-water emulsions: Effects of emulsifier type and combination

IO-based epoxy composites from epoxidized soybean oil, tannic acid and 2D-layered nanoclays

Resveratrol alleviates lipid deposition, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the livers of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with a soybean oil-based diet.

Effects of composite cross-linked enzyme plus polysaccharide treatment on the textural and flavor quality of high-moisture extruded plant-based meat analogues.

Waterproof and wet-strong cellulose paper via synergistic maleic anhydride/epoxidized soybean oil modification

Oil phase-driven nanoemulsions improve CoQ10 stability, in vitro bioaccessibility and ex vivo intestinal uptake.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a leading biobased thermoplastic, but its brittleness limits broader use. Here, we report a one-pot Poly-100 route combining elastomer synthesis, formulation, and reactive extrusion without solvent removal, purification, or waste generation. Hyperbranched soybean-oil-derived elastomers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization directly in epoxidized soybean oil, which serves as monomer precursor, nonvolatile reaction medium, and formulation component. Poly(acrylated epoxidized high-oleic soybean oil) (PAEHOSO) and poly(methacrylated epoxidized high-oleic soybean oil) (PMAEHOSO) were incorporated into PLA, where residual epoxide groups promote in situ grafting and improve interfacial adhesion. PMAEHOSO showed better compatibility, producing finer dispersions and shifting toughening from interfacial cavitation to matrix shear yielding. At 20 wt % loading, it increased elongation at break from 3% to 30% while delivering the highest tensile toughness. This work establishes a scalable pathway for toughened PLA and demonstrates how reaction media can align polymer performance with sustainability goals.

ABSTRACTPrior to the introduction of the exotic inoculant strain of Bradyrhizobium, South African soils lacked the rhizobia that nodulate soybean. Five decades of soybean inoculation practice resulted in the establishment of the Bradyrhizobium population in many soybean growing fields. However, there is no record of the magnitude of this establishment and its impact on the taxonomic and functional abundance of other microbes. Here we use a shotgun metagenomics approach to elucidate the taxonomic and functional profiles of the soil microbes from selected commercial soybean farms in South Africa. Metagenomics of the total sequences revealed that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Bacteroitedes are the prevalent phyla which differed in their relative abundance. Bradyrhizobium was the predominant genus at all three locations. Predicted functions detected genes essential for nitrogen metabolism, including nitrogen fixation, which have been unveiled in this study at a higher rate in all locations investigated. This study uncovers the microbial communities associated with soybean soils in South Africa. The study also generated vital information on the establishment of Bradyrhizobium spp. in the soils of soybean farms, providing a clue on whether inoculation of soya beans is always necessary. The findings, however, warrant further field investigations before any recommendations are rendered.

Fully portable smartphone-integrated device coupled with nanozyme-based assay for sensitive detection of TBHQ in edible oils.

Sustainable biodiesel production via thermally induced transesterification using Meso-Macroporous silica derived from marine diatom following fucoxanthin extraction.

In the present study, novel amide derivatives of soybean oil fatty acids were synthesized via amidation of hydrolyzed fatty acids with aniline and benzylamine, yielding aromatic amides with structurally distinct amine moieties. These compounds were designed as potentially effective and biodegradable corrosion inhibitors. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of the amides was performed using FT-IR and ¹H/¹³C NMR spectroscopy, while their thermal stability was assessed through thermogravimetric (TG) derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The corrosion inhibition performance of the synthesized compounds was investigated using electrochemical techniques in CO₂-saturated 1 wt% NaCl solution. Linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurements were employed to study the time dependence of the corrosion rate, whereas potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel) curves were recorded to determine the electrochemical parameters of the corrosion process. The LPR results indicated that the inhibition efficiency of carbon steel increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, reaching 93-96% at 100 ppm. The inhibition mechanism was further elucidated by examining the surface morphology of mild steel using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed that inhibitor-treated samples exhibited a smoother and less damaged surface compared to the uninhibited system, indicating the formation of a protective film. Adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the calculated Gibbs free energy of adsorption (- 39 to - 42kJ mol⁻¹) suggested strong and spontaneous adsorption with a dominant chemisorption contribution. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated against sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and coliforms). The benzylamine-derived fatty acid amide demonstrated the highest activity, achieving complete inhibition of D. desulfuricans growth at 50mg L⁻¹. The results indicate that soybean oil fatty acid amides exhibit dual functionality, combining anticorrosive and antimicrobial properties, and may serve as promising environmentally friendly inhibitors for corrosion protection in oil-field environments affected by microbial activity.

Feeds supplemented with L-carnitine and varying oil sources improve the Rhamdia quelen thawed sperm redox balance and sperm movement.

Oils are widely used in arthropod pest control, yet their modes of action remain poorly understood and often differ across studies. To investigate the mechanism of action of a commercial soybean oil formulation, we evaluated its physical and toxicological effects on three arthropod species across several developmental stages: adults and nymphs of Uroleucon sonchi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), adults and eggs of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), and larvae and eggs of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Adults, immature stages, and eggs were either topically treated or immersed in 2% soybean oil, and mortality was assessed alongside morphological and ultrastructural analyses using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Bright-field microscopy, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Immersion caused immediate mortality in U. sonchi and T. urticae, linked to oil penetration through spiracles and tracheal flooding, confirmed by fluorescent oil markers and bright-field, SIM, and CLSM imaging. In contrast, P. xylostella larvae exhibited partial and delayed mortality, likely due to spiracular morphology. Egg susceptibility varied by species and age. Egg hatch was completely inhibited in T. urticae, whereas only recently laid P. xylostella eggs were fully susceptible. SEM revealed extensive oil coverage and obstruction of respiratory structures, although TEM showed no damage to the cuticle. These findings indicate that soybean oil induces mortality by physically obstructing gas exchange structures rather than through chemical toxicity or cuticular disruption, and that spiracle architecture may modulate susceptibility. The implications for pest management programs are briefly discussed.

To evaluate the effects of substituting soybean oil (SO) with soy lecithin (SL) and specialty lipid (CL) on the growth, body composition, and glucose-lipid metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The CL is a composite lipid source formulated by mixing coconut oil, linseed oil, soy lecithin oil, and palm oil in a ratio of 2:2:3:3, with the addition of antioxidants and emulsifiers as fillers. A total of six experimental groups were established: an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic soybean oil (SO) (control group), a 1% soy lecithin supplementation group (1% SL), a 2% soy lecithin supplementation group (2% SL), a 2.5% specialty lipid supplementation group (2.5% CL), a 5% specialty lipid supplementation group (5% CL), and a 7.5% specialty lipid supplementation group (7.5% CL). After a 10-week feeding trial (initial body weight: 12.64 ± 0.02g), the results showed that final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR) in the 2.5% CL and 5% CL groups were significantly higher than those in the SO group. The 5% CL group exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) numerically, though no significant differences were observed among groups. Whole-body crude lipid content was significantly reduced in the 7.5% CL. Compared to other groups, the 5% CL and 7.5% CL showed significantly increased levels of saturated fatty acid (SFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), while PUFA levels markedly decreased. Compared to the control, the 7.5% CL showed significant decreases in plasma serum albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Regarding lipid metabolism gene expression, the 5% CL exhibited a significantly lower expression level of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (pparγ) in contrast to SO. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α (pparα) were significantly upregulated in the 5% CL and 7.5% CL compared to other groups. Furthermore, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (cpt1) expression level in the 5% CL was significantly higher than in all other groups. In conclusion, CL enhanced growth performance, effectively reduced whole-body lipid deposition, improved fatty acid composition, and promoted lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass, without adversely affecting liver function. Based on the comprehensive results, the recommended optimal inclusion level for specialty lipid was 5%.

Elevated LDL-cholesterol concentration is a major risk factor for CVD. Regular consumption of marine fish and seafood is associated with a reduced risk of CVD, although the n-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA have no cholesterol-lowering effect when given in physiologically relevant doses. Recent studies have demonstrated a lower LDL-cholesterol concentration in rodents after intake of cetoleic acid (CA, C22:1n-11), found in pelagic fish species such as herring. The primary aim was to investigate the effect of consuming capsules containing CA on LDL-cholesterol concentration in adults with overweight or obesity. The study was designed as a randomised clinical trial with two arms. Eighty participants were enrolled, and data from 75 participants were included in the statistical analyses. Participants consumed capsules containing either a CA concentrate (CECO group; 1480 mg CA and 232 mg EPA per day) or soyabean oil mixed with a n-3 PUFA concentrate without CA as comparator arm (SOYO3 group; 258 mg EPA/day) for eight weeks. The within-group changes in LDL-cholesterol were compared using ANCOVA with changes in body fat percentage as covariate. The LDL-cholesterol concentration was decreased from baseline to 8 weeks in the CECO group (n 37, median -0.1 (quartiles -0.1, 0.0) mmol/L) in comparison to the SOYO3 group (n 38, median 0.2 (quartiles 0.1, 0.2) mmol/L), with F=19.35, P=0.033 and ηp2 = 0.212, corresponding to approximately 7% reduction in the CECO group relative to the SOYO3 group. To conclude, 8 weeks of dietary supplementation with CECO decreased the LDL-cholesterol concentration in adults with overweight or obesity.

This study investigated the individual and synergistic effects of exogenous emulsifiers and lipase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, lipid metabolism, and gene expression in broilers receiving reduced-energy diets. All diets formulated using identical ingredient ratios except for energy-contributing components, which were adjusted through modification in soybean oil content to achieve target energy levels while maintaining amino acid profiles. Three hundred one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five treatment groups. The experiment consisted of 30 pens, with 10 birds per pen. Each treatment group included 6 replicate pens (n = 60 birds per treatment).positive control (PC) fed standard energy diets; negative control (NC) fed diets with 80 kcal/kg energy reduction; NC + emulsifier (250 g/ton Emulsifier equivalent to (20 g lysophospholipids/ton of feed); NC + lipase (100 g/ton equivalent 1 million lipase unit/ton of feed equivalent); and NC + combined emulsifier and lipase supplementation. Results demonstrated that energy reduction significantly impaired body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to PC birds. However, combined emulsifier and lipase supplementation restored growth performance parameters compared with NC, achieving superior body weight gain (2,222 g vs. 2,053 g in NC group) and improved feed conversion efficiency (1.344 vs. 1.491 in NC group). Crude protein retention increased significantly in emulsifier-supplemented groups (81.4-81.8% vs. 76.3% in NC), while ether extract retention improved across all supplemented treatments. Carcass characteristics remained unaffected, though abdominal fat deposition decreased significantly in all reduced-energy groups compared to PC birds. Serum biochemical analysis revealed beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, with total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations decreasing in supplemented groups. Antioxidant status improved, evidenced by elevated glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced malondialdehyde concentration in liver tissue of treated birds. Histological examination revealed that energy reduction caused intestinal villus atrophy and enteritis in NC birds, while emulsifier and lipase restored normal villus architecture. Gene expression analysis showed significant downregulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) mRNA in NC birds, which was restored to PC levels following combined supplementation. These findings indicate that lysophospholipid emulsifiers and exogenous lipase can effectively compensate reduced dietary energy density in broiler diets.

HighlightsSoybean oil restores cracking resistance in aged rubber asphalt.Rejuvenation reduces rutting resistance due to softening.Space diagrams show that balancing aging, modification, and rejuvenation improves mix performance.Dosage must be optimized to avoid rutting failures.Rejuvenated aged rubber asphalt is viable for recycled mix design.This study evaluates the performance of recycled, long-term-aged rubber-modified asphalt (RMA) mixtures rejuvenated with soybean oil. Crumb rubber is widely used in asphalt mixtures for its ability to enhance elasticity, crack resistance, and durability. However, long-term aging leads to oxidative hardening, increased stiffness, and reduced cracking resistance, creating a need for effective rejuvenation strategies. To simulate extended field aging, plant-produced RMA mixtures were conditioned at 85 °C for five and ten days and subsequently treated with 10% soybean oil by binder weight. Mechanical performance was assessed using the Disc-Shaped Compact Tension test, Indirect Tensile Asphalt Cracking Test, Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test, and Rapid Shear Rutting Test. Rejuvenation effectively reversed aging-related deterioration, increasing fracture energy by 137–211% and improving cracking tolerance indices by 22–104%, thereby restoring or surpassing the cracking performance of unaged RMA mixtures. This improvement in flexibility was accompanied by reduced rutting resistance, with rutting tolerance indices decreasing by 52–70%, consistent with the softening effect of bio-based oils. Performance space diagrams further illustrated the trade-off between enhanced cracking resistance and increased rut susceptibility. Overall, the results demonstrate that soybean oil provides strong restorative capabilities for aged RMA mixtures, but achieving balanced field performance requires optimization of rejuvenator dosage.