Soybean Oil For Production Research Articles

Detection of tropane alkaloid contaminations in unprocessed soybeans and their fate in food and feed processing

Datura stramonium and other nightshade plants commonly occur as weeds and have the potential to contaminate crops with toxic tropane alkaloids. Here, the contamination of soybeans with the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine after co-harvesting with thornapple plants is reported. The potential route of contamination was found to be independent of the thornapple seeds. The further fate of tropane alkaloids in downstream processes was evaluated in laboratory-scale tofu and soybean oil production. It was determined that a relatively small portion of the alkaloids is persistent in the tofu, while the reduction in soybean oil and press cake is less pronounced. No regulation is in place for the maximum amount of tropane alkaloids in soybeans, but the limits for other food crops were exceeded both in the raw and processed goods.

The transcription factors GmVOZ1A and GmWRI1a synergistically regulate oil biosynthesis in soybean.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a major oil-producing crop worldwide. Although several related proteins regulating soybean oil accumulation have been reported, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we characterized vascular plant one-zinc-finger 1A (GmVOZ1A) that interacts with WRINKLED 1a (GmWRI1a) using yeast two-hybrid library screening. The GmVOZ1A-GmWRI1a interaction was further verified by protein-protein interaction assays in vivo and in vitro. GmVOZ1A enhanced the seed fatty acid and oil contents by regulating genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation in GmVOZ1A resulted in a reduction in triacylglycerol (TAG) content in soybean. Protein-DNA interaction assays revealed that GmVOZ1A and GmWRI1a cooperate to up-regulate the expression level of acyl-coenzymeA-binding protein 6a (GmACBP6a) and promote the accumulation of TAG. In addition, GmACBP6a overexpression promoted seed fatty acid and oil contents, as well as increased seed size and 100-seed weight. Taken together, these findings indicate that the transcription factor GmVOZ1A regulates soybean oil synthesis and cooperates with GmWRI1a to up-regulate GmACBP6a expression and oil biosynthesis in soybean. The results lay a foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean oil biosynthesis and will contribute to improving soybean oil production through molecular breeding approaches.

Comparism of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in Optimisation of Soybean Soapstock Biodiesel Production

Soybean soapstock (SS), a lipid rich by-product of soybean oil production is a promising feedstock for the production ofbiodiesel due to its availability and affordability. In the esterification and transesterification reactions involving soyabeansoapstock, sodium hydroxide, methanol and n-hexane were used as catalyst, solvent and co-solvent respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the biodiesel obtained were determinedusing the Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC) and American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) methods. The esterification and transesterification reactions were optimised using both response surface methodology (RSM) under design expert 7.0 platform and Particle swarm technique in ANFIS (ANFIS-PSO) using the MATLAB software. The optimized acid value from the esterification reaction using RSM and ANFIS-PSO were 4.956 and 1.488 while the yield obtained were 97.29% and 99.91%respectively with ANFIS-PSO proving to be the better optimization technique in both cases. Comparison plots made for both reactions shows the ANFIS-PSO curve mirroring the experimental and thus signifying a closer trend when compared to the RSM curve. The suitability of the ANFIS-PSO prediction was further highlighted by the error analysis carried out on both techniques. The Residual sum of squares (RSS), Mean absolute error (MAE), Root mean square error (RMSE), Correlation coefficient (R), Coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>), Adjusted R<sup>2</sup>, Absolute average deviation (AAD) and Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) values for the ANFIS-PSO predictions in both reactions were better than the RSM predictions. It can thus be concluded that soybean soapstock is a viable feedstock for biodiesel production and ANFIS-PSO is a more efficient optimization technique when compared with RSM in esterification and transesterification of soybean soapstock.

Application of Material Flow Cost Accounting to Soybean Oil Production Process: A Systematic Review

Purpose –This study aims to provide an in-depth review of the application of the material flow cost accounting (MFCA) technique. It also provides a detailed account of how the technique can be applied in soybean oil processing, emphasizing its significance, key components, and potential benefits. Methodology - This paper adopts the literature review approach to explain the impact of applying the MFCA technique to the soybean oil production process. It provides insights into how MFCA can be effectively applied and implemented in this context. It aims to identify and quantify the environmental and economic costs associated with material usage, waste generation and management, and energy consumption. Findings - When applied to soybean oil production, MFCA provides insights into process efficiency, waste reduction opportunities and potential cost savings. It is concluded that applying the MFCA technique to the soybean oil production process will bring about cost reduction, waste reduction and environmental sustainability. Implications – The study’s scope and focus did not include a practical application of the MFCA technique to the soybean oil production process. However, if all the steps discussed in this study are diligently followed, it is believed that the technique can be successfully applied in soybean oil production. Originality – The study provides an original insight into the application of the MFCA technique, which is yet to be done to the best of the researchers’ knowledge.

Case study of chemical and enzymatic degumming processes in soybean oil production at an industrial plant

The vegetable oil degumming process plays a critical role in refining edible oil. Phospholipids (PL) removal from crude extracted soybean oil (SBO) by the enzymatic degumming process has been investigated in this work. Enzymatic degumming of extracted SBO with microbial phospholipase A1 PLA-1 Quara LowP and Lecitase Ultra enzymes have also been studied comparatively. The main novelty of our work is the use of the enzymatic degumming process on an industrial scale (600 tons a day). Many parameters have been discussed to understand in detail the factors affecting oil losses during the degumming process. The factors such as chemical conditioning (CC) by phosphoric acid 85%, the enzyme dosage mg/kg (feedstock dependent), the enzymatic degumming reaction time, and the characteristics of the plant-processed SBO have been discussed in detail. As a main point, the degummed oil with a phosphorus content of < 10 mg/kg increases yield. Quara LowP and Lecitase Ultra enzymes are not specific for certain phospholipids PL; however, the conversion rate depends on the SBO phospholipid composition. After 4 h, over 99% of Phospholipids were degraded to their lysophospholipid LPL (lysolecithin). The results showed a significant effect of operating parameters and characteristics of different origins of SBO, fatty acids FFA content, Phosphorus content and total divalent metals (Calcium Ca, Magnesium Mg and Iron Fe mg/kg) content on the oil loss. The benefit of using enzymatic degumming of vegetable oils rather than traditional chemical refining is that the enzymatic degumming process reduces total oil loss. This decrease is known as enzymatic yield. The enzymatic degumming also decreases wastewater and used chemicals and running costs; moreover, it enables physical refining by lowering the residue phosphorus to < 10 mg/kg.

Mapping and identification of QTLs for seed fatty acids in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Soybean is one of the world's most important sources of vegetable oil. The oil content and fatty acid ratio have attracted significant attention due to their impact on the shelf-life of soybean oil products and the consumers' health. In this study, the high-density genetic map derived from Guizao 1 and Brazil 13 was utilised to analyse the quantitative trait loci of palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (LNA) and oil content. A total of 54 stable QTLs were detected in genetic map linkage analysis, which shared six bin intervals. Among them, the bin interval on chromosome 13 (bin106-bin118 and bin123-bin125) was detected as stable QTLs in multiple environments, linked to OA, LA, and LNA. Eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within these QTLs interval were determined as candidate genes according to the joint investigation of parental resequencing, bioinformatics and RNA sequencing data. All these results will be conducive to breeding soybean with the ideal fatty acid ratio for food, and provide the genetic information basis for mining genes related to fatty acid and oil content traits in soybean.

Characterization of the interaction between allicin and soy protein isolate and functional properties of the adducts.

Soybean meal, a by-product of the soybean oil production industry, has a high protein content but the compact globular structure of the protein from soybean meal limits its wide application in food processing. Allicin has been found to have numerous functional properties. In this study, allicin was interacted with soy protein isolate (SPI). The functional properties of the adducts were investigated. Binding with allicin significantly quenched the fluorescence intensity of SPI. Static quenching was the main quenching mechanism. The stability of adducts decreased with increasing temperature. The greatest extent of binding between allicin and sulfhydryl groups (SH) of SPI was obtained at an allicin/SH molar ratio of 1:2. The amino groups of SPI did not bind with allicin covalently. Soy protein isolate was modified by allicin through covalent and non-covalent interactions. Compared with SPI, the emulsifying activity index and foaming capacity of adducts with a ratio of 3:1 were improved by 39.91% and 64.29%, respectively. Soy protein isolate-allicin adducts also exhibited obvious antibacterial effects. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SPI-allicin adducts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 200 and 160 μg mL-1 , respectively. The interaction of allicin with SPI is beneficial for the functional properties of SPI. These adducts can be used in different food formulations as emulsifiers, foamers, and transport carriers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

PROMISING AREAS OF EXPORT DEVELOPMENT IN THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY

It is established that the development of non-primary exports is a priority direction of the strategic development of the Russian Federation and its regions. In order to develop exports in the Khabarovsk Territory, it is proposed to increase the production of soybeans and soybean oil. For the development of foreign economic activity in the Khabarovsk Territory, it is proposed to increase the competitiveness of soybean production in the region by creating favorable, first of all, financial conditions for enterprises to master the production of new types of products competitive on world markets, certification of manufactured goods and services.

Интеграция оценки жизненного цикла в практику выбора перспективной технологии функциональных пищевых ингредиентов

The research involved environmental assessment of technologies for the production of functional ingredients with oncoprotective functions on the basis of different raw materials: secondary resources – by-products of soybean oil production and plant raw materials (extracts from Filipendula ulmaria) in order to determine the environmental impact in their life cycle and to select the environmentally best of the considered technologies. The following biologically active substances were considered as research objects: microencapsulated phytosterols from by-products of soya oil production and nanoencapsulated extracts from wild and farmer Filipendula ulmaria. Life cycle assessment method was used as a research method as a tool to assess the environmental impact of production. Life cycle inventory analysis of technologies was carried out based on SimaPro 9.1.1.1.1 software using EPD (2018) V1.01, ReCiPe 2016 (Midpoint (H) V1.04/World (2010) H), and IPCC 2013 (GWP 500a V1.01) calculation models. Using the life cycle of functional ingredients for cancer prevention as an example, it is shown that the use soya oil production by-products is more environmentally friendly than the use of plant extracts from wild and farmer's labdanum (Filipendula ulmaria). The environmental impacts of the production technologies in the categories of global warming, eutrophication, acidification, and water consumption were quantified, confirming the superiority of phytostyrene from soya oil waste. The results obtained can be used to create a domestic information database for the selection of the best technologies for the production of biologically active substances and functional food ingredients, taking into account the environmental assessment of the life cycle.

Analysis of the Impact of Environmental and Agronomic Variables on Agronomic Parameters in Soybean Cultivation Based on Long-Term Data.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a species of relatively little economic importance in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland. Due to its popularity for the production of soybean oil, livestock feed, and human food, soybeans are a widely cultivated agricultural crop in the world. The aim of the presented research is to determine the most important agronomic and environmental variables in soybean production in Central and Eastern Europe. This work used a dataset from the Polish Post-Registration Variety Testing System in multi-environmental trials from the years 2012-2021. Variables classified for crop management included doses of mineral fertilizers (N, P, and K) and herbicides, sowing, and the type of previous crops. The environment was also included in the analysis through soil and weather characteristics using climatic water balance (CWB). The analysis was performed using multiple linear regression models and regression trees. It found that the variability of the soybean yield depended mainly on water available to plants and physical soil properties. This means that environmental variables have a stronger effect in comparison to crop management variables. The effect of the nutrients applied in the fields was relatively weak and only important in the case of phosphorus. Other variables which characterize crop management (including sowing date, previous crop, and plant protection using pesticides) have a weak effect on grain yield and yield-related traits variability. As there are not many studies on soybean cultivation in Poland, this work might be used as an introduction to research on soybean management in a hemiboreal climate.

Evaluating the soybean oil packaging characteristics in Brazilian Midwest region

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of soybean oil packaging attributes on consumer preferences in Brazilian Midwest region using Multivariate Data Analysis. Four packaging attributes were evaluated: the presence of additional information on label of packaging, brand (popular and non-popular), type of soybean (genetically modified and non-genetically modified) and shape of the packaging (conventional and innovative). Eight images were evaluated by 400 consumers in Midwest region of Brazil. We used the Conjoint Analysis to analyze and measure the impact of each product attribute in consumer preference. The results show that, in general, the consumers were influenced positively by the presence of additional information, innovative package, popular brand and non-transgenic soybeans. Some groups of individuals could not distinguish or did not care about genetically modified soy. Further studies are recommended to evaluate if consumers have difficulties to interpret the symbols on the packaging label (transgenic or organic, for example), as well as it is necessary to extend this survey to other Brazilian states. The food industry will be able to develop packaging and marketing strategies using consumer profiles. The study is useful for the definition, modification and adaptation of soybean oil products.

Process hazard evaluation for the epoxidation of soybean oil with calorimetry techniques

AbstractEpoxidized soybean oil was widely used in industrial production. However, the epoxidized soybean oil production process releases a lot of heat, which could cause a runaway reaction, resulting in fires and explosions. Therefore, the thermal risk of the soybean oil epoxidation reaction process has been studied. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the thermal stability of reaction materials. The parameters such as initial exothermic temperature and reaction heat were obtained based on heat flow diagrams. EasyMax was used to analyze the soybean oil epoxidation reaction under different reaction temperatures and dosing rate conditions. The maximum temperature of the synthesis reactions, time to maximum rate under adiabatic condition (), and adiabatic temperature rise () were obtained by analyzing the epoxidation reaction. An adiabatic accelerating calorimeter was used to study the adiabatic decomposition of reaction products to obtain safety criteria such as adiabatic temperature rise and maximum reaction rate. The results obtained by the risk matrix evaluation method show that the risk level of the soybean oil epoxidation process was unacceptable. According to the results of the runaway scenario analysis method, the risk level of soybean oil epoxidation reaction was level 5. Therefore, the reaction process needs to be improved to ensure safe production.

Stochastic model for setpoint of a rolling mill: an application in the soybean oil production

Stochastic model for setpoint of a rolling mill: an application in the soybean oil production

THE EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND OIL CONTENT OF SOYBEAN GRAINS OF THE ARLETA VARIETY

The article describes promising indicators for expanding the soybean sown area and increasing the production of soybean oil in our republic and highlights the results of field experiments on the effect of the norm of mineral fertilizers on the yield and oil content of soybean grains.

Areas Available for the Potential Sustainable Expansion of Soy in Brazil: A Geospatial Assessment Using the SAFmaps Database

Recently, soybean production almost doubled in Brazil, reaching 122 million tonnes, and it is expected to increase even more. Brazil is the world’s largest producer and is primarily an exporter. From a sustainability point of view, soy production has been strongly criticized mainly in relation to deforestation, albeit for indirect effects. Soybean oil is a potential feedstock for the production of bio-jet fuels, which needs to be sustainable according to international criteria (sustainable aviation fuels—SAF). This paper aims to estimate the areas still available for soy expansion in Brazil, considering conditions that would allow the production of SAF. We used the SAFmaps platform, a geospatial database with information on the most promising bioenergy crops for SAF and their supply chains. Just by displacing pastures and observing a set of constraints, the total area available for expansion was estimated at 192.8 thousand km2, of which 43% is of high suitability. These areas are concentrated in the Center-West region. Assuming a vertical supply chain, the results of the case studies of SAF production indicate potential feasibility, but some hypotheses considered are optimistic. Moreover, the results indicate that there can be sustainable production of soybean oil and contribution to the production of SAF.

More sustainable vegetable oil: Balancing productivity with carbon storage opportunities

Intensive cultivation and post-harvest vegetable oil production stages are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Variation between production systems and reporting disparity have resulted in discordance in previous emissions estimates. The aim of this study was to assess global systems-wide variation in GHG emissions resulting from palm, soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oil production. Such an analysis is critical to understand the implications of meeting increasing edible oil demand. To achieve this, we performed a unified re-analysis of life cycle input data from diverse palm, soybean, rapeseed, and sunflower oil production systems, from a saturating search of published literature. The resulting dataset reflects almost 6000 producers in 38 countries, and is representative of over 71% of global vegetable oil production. Across all oil crop systems, median GHG emissions were 3.81 kg CO2e per kg refined oil. Crop specific median emissions ranged from 2.49 kg CO2e for rapeseed oil to 4.25 kg CO2e for soybean oil per kg refined oil. Determination of the carbon cost of agricultural land occupation revealed that carbon storage potential in native compared to agricultural land cover drives variation in production GHG emissions, and indicates that expansion of production in low carbon storage potential land, whilst reforesting areas of high carbon storage potential, could reduce net GHG emissions whilst boosting productivity. Nevertheless, there remains considerable scope to improve sustainability within current production systems, including through increasing yields whilst limiting application of inputs with high carbon footprints, and in the case of palm oil through more widespread adoption of methane capture technologies in processing stages.

The effect of a country name on consumers' perception and assessment of agricultural products with protected designation of origin

The aim of the paper was to show that Serbia has favorable natural conditions (land and climate) for diverse agricultural production (plant- and animal-based), experienced manufacturers, experts and scientists, as well as world-famous selections of numerous plant cultures. Serbia's major agricultural products are corn, wheat (flour), sunflower (oil and pellets), sugar beet (sugar), soybean (oil and protein products), potatoes, raspberries, apples, plums, sour cherries, grapes, pork, beef and poultry, as well as milk.

Исследование возможностей использования соевого масла как экологической добавки в нефтяное дизельное топливо

One of the most important areas of internal combustion engine improvement is its adaptation to work on alternative fuels. Motor fuels obtained from renewable plant raw materials are considered to be promising alternative fuels. The article considers the possibility of using soybean oil as an ecological additive in petroleum diesel fuel. The features of soybean oil production and the physico-chemical properties of soybean oil and a mixture containing 80 % (by volume) of petroleum diesel fuel and 20 % of soybean oil are researched. Computational studies of the processes of fuel atomization and mixture formation in the D-245 diesel engine operating on mixtures of petroleum diesel fuel and seed oil have been performed. Experimental studies of the D-245 diesel engine operating on petroleum diesel fuel and the specified blended fuel have been carried out. Conversion of a diesel engine from petroleum fuel to mixed one leads to a decrease in integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides by 19.1 %, carbon monoxide — by 10.5 %, unburned hydrocarbons - by 8.9 %.

Comparative 1H NMR-Based Chemometric Evaluations of the Time-Dependent Generation of Aldehydic Lipid Oxidation Products in Culinary Oils Exposed to Laboratory-Simulated Shallow Frying Episodes: Differential Patterns Observed for Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Containing Soybean Oils.

Soybean oil is the second most exported oil from the United States and South America, and is widely marketed as a cooking oil product containing numerous health benefits for human consumers. However, culinary oils with high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents, are known to produce high quantities of lipid oxidation products (LOPs), including toxic aldehydes upon exposure to high-temperature frying episodes. Previous studies have demonstrated causal links between aldehyde ingestion and inhalation with deleterious health perturbations, including mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, along with cardiovascular and teratogenic actions. In this study, aldehydic LOPs were detected and quantified in commercially available samples of soybean, avocado, corn and extra-virgin olive oil products before and after their exposure to laboratory-simulated laboratory frying episodes (LSSFEs) using high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Results acquired demonstrated that PUFA-rich soybean and corn oils gave rise to the highest concentrations of oil aldehydes from the thermo-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-laden avocado and olive oils were much more resistant to this peroxidation process, as expected. Multivariate chemometrics analyses provided evidence that an orthogonal component pattern of aldehydic LOPs featuring low-molecular-mass n-alkanals such as propanal, and 4-oxo-alkanals, arises from thermo-oxidation of the ω-3 fatty acid (FA) linolenic acid (present in soybean oils at levels of ca. 7% (w/w)), was able to at least partially distinguish this oil from corresponding samples of thermally-stressed corn oil. Despite having a similar total PUFA level, corn oil has only a negligible ω-3 FA content, and therefore generated significantly lower levels of these two aldehyde classes. In view of the adverse health effects associated with dietary LOP ingestion, alternative methodologies for the incorporation of soybean oils within high-temperature frying practices are proposed.

Model prediction of herbicide residues in soybean oil: Relationship between physicochemical properties and processing factors

The distribution and processing factors (PFs) of herbicides in cold-/hot-pressed soybean samples (n = 3) were studied on the laboratory scale. The hot-pressing process was found to have a significant effect on herbicide degradation in soybean samples. Specifically, for highly water-soluble pesticides with pKow > 2 in soybean oil, the PF values were generally > 1. Nonlinear curve fitting revealed that the PFs of herbicides in soybean oil were positively correlated with their octanol–water partition coefficients, but negatively correlated with their water solubility and melting points. A principal component analysis confirmed the dominant parameters among the herbicide PFs during soybean oil production. Using the physicochemical parameters of pesticides, the developed multiple linear regression model gave a fitting accuracy of ≥0.80 for predicting the theoretical PF values of pesticides in soybean oil products (0.39 < RMSE < 0.58). Thus, this model may be applicable for safety risk assessments and establishing maximum residue limits for pesticides in processed products.