Southern Odisha Research Articles

An observational study to assess the lipid profile of hypertensive patients in Southern Odisha

Background: Rated among the most common disease worldwide, Hypertension is fast becoming a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Owing to its widespread it has become one of the most common risk factors of serious disease including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) along with other illness like renal malfunctioning, myocardial infraction and even leads to loss of vision. There are various other biomarkers of the hypertensive patients that help in realizing the real threat of the cardiovascular diseases among those who are suffering from hypertension. The discrepancies in the different lipid profile biomarkers like total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), serum levels of triglycerides (TG) pose a great risk for the development of CVDs. Aim: To assess the lipid profile of the hypertensive patients in Southern Odisha. Materials and Methods: It was n observational study undertaken at MKCG Medical CollegeBerhampur, Ganjam (Odisha). One hundred fifty patients were included in the study belonging to both the genders. The duration of the study was from June 2019 to November 2019. The patients were divided into two groups, group 1 with 70 patients who were non-hypertensive and 80 patients in group 2 who were hypertensive. CHOD-PAP was the method used to measure the serum total cholesterol. The GPO-Triender method was used to assess the triglycerides. Results: Sixty per cent of the patients in the non-hypertensive group were males, and 70% of the patients in the hypertensive groups were males. The SBP for the non-hypertensive patients was 1204.12 while the DBP was 80.13.21. On the other hand, the SBP for the hypertensive group was 1699.10, and the SBP was 96.125.06. The mean total cholesterol for the non-hypertensive group was 164.253.99, mean Triglycerides was 129.9 8.3, mean HDL was 47.26 5.54, mean LDL was 93.76 12.06, and mean VLDL was 26.98 2.67. On the flip side, the mean total cholesterol for the hypertensive group was 168.9 6.27

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Identification and futuristic role of novel polymorphism of caprine PrP gene

The Caprine Prion Protein (PrP) gene polymorphism in three different native Indian goat populations of Southern Odisha, namely Ganjam (a registered breed of India), Ghumusari and Raighar was studied. The 876 bp amplified segment of PrP gene contains full length coding sequence of 771 bp. In Ganjam and Ghumusari goats, any difference of nucleotide sequence was not identified. However, the comparison of nucleotide sequences of Raighar goats and goats of other locality revealed a change in nucleotide at five different positions (G190A, G724A, A727T, C775G and C800T) which includes two non-synonymous nucleotide changes. The non-synonymous nucleotide change resulted a change in amino acid at two different positions (Ser234Cys and Lys246Phe) in mature polypeptide which were not reported earlier and therefore, considered as novel. On the basis of these variants of PrP gene phylogenetic tree was constructed which showed that Ganjam and Raighar goats appeared in different clade. Since any occurrence of Scrapie infection in goats of Odisha was not reported, it can be proposed that these changes in amino acid may be responsible as resistance allele.

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Thyroid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a prospective study in a tertiary medical college of southern Odisha

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Globally, an estimated 10.0 million (range, 9.0 to 11.1 million) people infected with tuberculosis (TB). Developing country like India accounts for one fourth of the global tuberculosis burden. TB is associated with diffuse functional impairment of most endocrine organs.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a study to evaluate the thyroid profile status in new sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, aged 12 years and above; attended and admitted to chest and TB, Medicine Department of SLN MCH, Koraput, Odisha from January 2019 to December 2019. Patients with H/o old pulmonary tuberculosis, patient with known neurological, hypothalamic-pituitary or thyroid disorders, kidney disease, malignancies and patients receiving medications known to interfere with thyroid hormone metabolism were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 21.0 software. Results were expressed in average±SD, frequencies and percentages. Continuous data were compared using Student’s t-test. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant and p value <0.001 was considered as statistically extremely significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean age of the study group was 37.31±15.63 years. 54 patients (40.30%) were in 20 to 40 years of age group. We found, 48 (35.82%) pulmonary tuberculosis patients had sick euthyroid syndrome out of 134 pulmonary tuberculosis patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sick euthyroid syndrome occurs commonly in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with increasing incidence with advanced age, and also seen in patients with advanced pulmonary tuberculosis patients; therefore, requires monitoring of thyroid function test for its timely initiation of therapy.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

An audit and analysis of cancer patients attending radiation oncology department: a tertiary care center experience

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and is the second leading cause of death in the developing countries. Among various diseases, cancer has become a big threat to human beings globally. As per Indian population census data, the rate of mortality due to cancer in India was high and alarming with about 8,06,000 existing cases by the end of the last century. In view of these facts, the present article describes the status of various types of cancers in the southern part of Odisha.Methods: A total of 1123 patients were registered in the department of radiotherapy, maharaja krushna chandra gajapati medical college, Odisha, during the period from January to December 2019 and were included for the retrospective analysis.Results: Females outnumbered males with a ratio of 1.32. Highest number of the patients belong to the age group of 60-69 years. Major cancer sites in females were cervix, breast followed by head and neck. Leading cancer sites in males were head and neck, stomach, rectum and lungs. Most of the cases presented in advanced stage of disease (78%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathology (81%). A significant proportion of patients defaulted after undergoing preliminary investigations (27.4%). Out of the total (1123) population 482 patients received radiation and 760 patients received chemotherapy and 425 received supportive care.Conclusions: The outcome of this study will significantly help us to understand the cancer burden in southern Odisha and its distribution to define region specific strategies for cancer management.

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Screening and quantitative estimation of factor VIII inhibitors by Nijmegen-Bethesda assay in hemophilia a patient of Southern Odisha, India

Background: The current treatment of haemophilia is replacement of factor VIII or IX which is effective till development of inhibitor against factors. There has been no study on factor VIII inhibitors in Southern Odisha using Nijmegen–Bethesda assay. This study was planned with objectives to screen factor VIII inhibitors in hemophilia-A patients, to do quantitative estimation of it using Nijmegen-Bethesda assay and to explore factors associated with development of inhibitors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2016 to August 2018 in Department of pathology, MKCG medical college, Berhampur. Haemophilia-A patients coming to MKCG medical college and registered Haemophilia-A cases under Haemophilia society of Berhampur were included. Patients denying consent and having multiple clotting factors deficiencies were excluded. 1.8ml blood was collected. Mixing study was done to screen factor VIII inhibitors and then in positive cases inhibitors level measured by Nijmegen-Bethesda method. All data were analysed using SPSS (version 16.0).Results: 70 cases of Hemophilia-A patients were studied. Majority (50%) were with severe hemophilia-A. 7 patients developed inhibitors where 3 were high and 4 were low responders. Inhibitor level ranged from 0.8 to 64 Nijmegen-Bethesda units. Patients with severe hemophilia A, more than 10 transfusions and who switched to receive recombinant FVIII from other blood products developed inhibitors which were significant.Conclusions: Severity of hemophilia, increase frequency of transfusion and switching of blood products significantly increases chances of inhibitor development and hence intensive inhibitor screening is needed in these cases. Quantification of inhibitor is needed to monitor treatment and to manage bleeding episodes effectively.

Prevalence of Clinical Artesunate Resistance among Cases of Complicated Malaria in Southern Odisha, India

Introduction: Drug resistant malaria represents the most challenging health problem worldwide. The major threat to malaria control is the increasing incidence of complicated and drug-resistant cases. Aim: To determine the prevalence of clinical artesunate resistance among complicated malaria cases by invivo method. Materials and Methods: The study included 241 patients with complicated malaria, which showed trophozoites of malarial parasite Plasmodium in the blood smear. They were administered with artesunate monotherapy. They were then followed-up for clinical response to therapy and quantification of parasitaemia levels on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 7, day 14 and day 28. Clinical examination included core body temperature recording, assessment of associated complications like vomiting, altered sensorium, anaemia, bleeding tendencies and investigation of renal parameters, liver function test and hypoglycaemia. Results: Out of 241 complicated malaria cases showing malarial parasite in peripheral blood smear, 204 cases were of Plasmodium falciparum, 32 cases were of Plasmodium vivaxand five were cases of mixed Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection. Among the 241 malaria positive cases, the most commonly associated complication was severe anaemia in 87 (36.1%) cases. All the 32 cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria and the five cases of mixed infection responded and recovered after administration of artesunate monotherapy. But among the 204 cases of Plasmodium falciparum, clinical artesunate resistance was detected in 6 (2.94%) cases and the rest 198 (97.06%) cases were sensitive to artesunate monotherapy. Conclusion: Clinical artesunate resistance was noticed in 2.94% cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Hence, continuous monitoring of antimalarial therapy is required, especially in complicated cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to prevent the emergence of artesunate resistance.

Chromoblastomycosis: A rare fungal infection from a nonendemic region—Southern Odisha

Chromoblastomycosis, a slowly progressing localized fungal infection confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, is caused by dematiaceous fungi. Dermal lesions are pleomorphic and can range from small nodules to large papillary like eruptions. Herein, we report a case of chromoblastomycosis in a 26-year-old male caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The patient was immunocompetent and had thorn injury 4 years back and developed a nonhealing ulcer on the medial aspect of his right leg, which was clinically suspected as tuberculous or carcinomatous lesion. Punch biopsy was done and sent in normal saline for the histopathological examination. Microscopically, sclerotic bodies, characteristic of chromoblastomycosis, were noticed on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Potassium hydroxide mount of the punch biopsy also revealed dematiaceous branching septate fungal hyphae. The fungal culture produced typical black colonies of Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The case is of interest because to the best of our knowledge it has so far not been reported from our region—southern part of Odisha.

First record in 129 years of the Tamil Treebrown Lethe drypetis todara Moore, 1881 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from Odisha, India by fruit-baiting

The first record of a butterfly species, the Tamil Treebrown Lethe drypetis todara Moore, 1881 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) is described from Deomali Hill range of southern Odisha, in Eastern Ghats of India, collected by fruit-baiting. This is the first record from Odisha almost 129 years after its first report from Khurda in coastal Odisha by Taylor & de Niceville in the year 1888. The ecology and sampling of the species are described in this study.

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Spectrum of Hemoglobinopathies in Pediatric Population in Southern Odisha- An Institutional Study

Spectrum of Hemoglobinopathies in Pediatric Population in Southern Odisha- An Institutional Study

Perception and practice of occupational safety measures against HIV infection among health care personnel in a tertiary health care facility of Ganjam district, Southern Odisha, India

Background: Globally, 36.7 million people were living with HIV. The prevalence in India is estimated to be 0.26% and it is in the range of 0.21-0.25% in Odisha. The objectives were to assess the perception on HIV and the preventive practices among the health personnel in a tertiary level health facility of South Odisha.Methods: This study was hospital based cross-sectional study. Place of study was OPDs, indoor wards, emergency Department of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, India. Study period was from December 2017 to February 2018. Study participants were all the health care workers present during the visit were interviewed using semi structured questionnaire. Sample size were 174 health personnel. Those who didn’t give consent for the study were excluded from the study. Statistical tests used were percentage and proportion. Statistical software used-SPSS 16 version.Results: Out of 174 respondents 67.8% were doctors, 14.9% staff nurses and 17.3% other professionals. Among safety measures, gloves, mask, apron and cap were used by 69%, 11.5%, 13.8% and 5.7% respectively. The patient’s HIV status was enquired by 78.9% male health personnel during treatment. 90% female health personnel had come across HIV positive patients during treatment procedure. The knowledge about basic PEP regimen was present in 54.4% male and 80% female health personnel.Conclusions: The study participants were not aware about all the mode of transmission. There is gap in knowledge and practices of safety gears. Perceptions and practice of doctors were no way better than other health personnel. Knowledge and practice of safety gear should be enforced by the hospital authority to keep its work force safe and healthy.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Southern Odisha

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a life- threatening health problem throughout world, infecting more than two billion people. While blood transfusion and unsafe therapeutic injection continue to be major risk factors, the role of vertical transmission remains under- estimated. Hence, this study was done to find out the prevalence of HBV infection and associated risk factors among healthy pregnant ladies in Southern Odisha. The present study was a prospective, observational study conducted, in the department of Microbiology, with collaboration of department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of MKCG Medical college from 1st March 2017 to 28th Feb 2018. Methodology: After collection of three to four millilitre of venous blood from the clients, sera was separated by centrifugation. They were then tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by Enzyme linked Immunsorbent assay (ELISA). Serological status of the subjects and correlation with their socio-economic characteristic was noted using a preset proforma. Babies born to HBsAg positive ladies were administered Hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin. Results: Total 3,230 in non-duplicating serum samples were screened among which 150 (4.64%) were tested positive for HBsAg. Ladies with multiple sexual partners (57. 14%) followed by intravenous drug users (7.88%) were mostly positive for HBsAg. Conclusion: Exposure to risky social behavioural pattern, lack of awareness could be suggested as possible means of acquiring the infection. Immunization is the most effective and only way of preventing development of chronic carrier state. Hence all neonates were administered with hepatitis B vaccine and 0.5 ml of hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 12 hours of birth.

Liver pathology: An autopsy based study from Southern Odisha

The liver is vulnerable to a wide variety of metabolic, toxic, microbial, and circulatory insults. Most of the chronic liver diseases, even in advanced stages, may cause no prominent clinical signs or symptoms. Autopsy remains one of the most useful tools to validate the clinical diagnosis. A total of 152 consecutive medico-legal autopsy cases were included in the present study, among which 107 cases were males, and 45 were females. Age groups involved in the study were from the third decade to the eighth decade. Out of the 107 cases among the males, 32.89% were of normal histology, 32.29% were steatosis, 13.16% were chronic venous congestion liver, 11.89% were due to steatohepatitis, 2.63% were cirrhosis, 5.27% showed features of chronic hepatitis and 1.97% showed features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Out of the 45 female cases, 18% were of normal histology, 15% were steatosis, 11.1% were steato-hepatitis, 8.9% showed features of chronic venous congestion, and 6.7% showed features of chronic hepatitis. There was no case of cirrhosis and cancer among females.

Bacteriological profile of post-operative orthopedic implant infections and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital of southern Odisha

Context: Prosthetic replacements and implants are becoming common in orthopedic operations for successfully alleviating the pain and improving the mobility in damaged joints. This sometimes leads to microbial infections contributing to high morbidities and prolonged hospital stay. Aims: This study was aimed to find out (1) the prevalence of bacterial infection in orthopedic implant surgeries; (2) to isolate and identify the bacteriological agents responsible for causing post-operative orthopedic implant infections; and (3) to perform their antimicrobial sensitivity. Methods: This was a prospective study carried out at a tertiary care hospital of southern Odisha, over a period of 24 months. The study was conducted on 112 cases of infected implants from orthopedic wards, from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2018. Pus samples were collected using three sterile swabs. One was used for Grams stain, one for inoculation on MacConkey and Blood agar, and the 3rd one for inoculation in Robertson's cooked meat (RCM) broth. Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates were processed for culture of aerobic bacteria, while the RCM inoculate was processed for anaerobic bacteria. Biofilm production and Susceptibility testing was performed. Results: Out of the 112 samples processed, culture positivity was observed in 90 specimens. Among them, 78 were aerobic, while 12 were anaerobic infections. Staphylococcus aureus (35.89%) was the predominant aerobic isolate followed by Pseudomonas spp. (28.2%). Among anaerobes, Bacteroides spp. (7.7%) was the most common isolate. Conclusion: The appropriate pre- and post-operative care should be taken to prevent such infections. Staphylococcus spp. was the commonest isolate and its ability to produce biofilm stresses the need for an appropriate antibiotic policy to put in place to eradicate the infection.

Impact of soil physico-chemical properties on distribution of earthworm populations across different land use patterns in southern India

BackgroundThe distribution of earthworms is usually diverse and their population fluctuates in relation to the different physico-chemical properties and land use patterns of the soil of southern parts of India. This particular study examined distribution and relative abundance of earthworms under different land use patterns and their influence on the physico-chemical properties of the soil. We measured the species composition of earthworm communities across the three different land use ecosystems and effect of abiotic factors on them from various ecological regions of southern India (southern Odisha).MethodsThe linear relationship between different physico-chemical parameters of soil across three land use types and earthworm density is obtained by Pearson correlation analysis in the months of June to September. The association of physico-chemical parameters of different habitats with earthworm populations is analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Principal component analysis is (PCA) used to characterize the effect of different soil properties on the distribution of earthworm populations across three different habitats.ResultsA total of ten species of earthworms belonging to five families were identified. Four species of earthworms are identified, i.e., Pontodrilus bermudensis, Parionyx excavates, Pheretima alexandri, Lampito mauritii, most abundantly in forest lands, while the other six species are mostly found in agriculture and grass land. The earthworm density is significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with the availability of organic OC, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and water holding capacity across the three habitats, the forest land in particular. Both ANOVA and PCA results revealed a significant impact of habitat conditions on the soil physico-chemical properties as well as earthworm density.ConclusionsThis particular study has provided new information regarding the influence of different earthworm population on abiotic factors of soil across three land use patterns. It is also noticed that the distribution of earthworm was higher in forest lands and followed by grasslands having high organic manure rather than agricultural land.