Source Of Trouble Research Articles

Can emerging markets be a source of global troubles again?

After two turbulent decades (1980s and 1990s) when emerging-market economies were frequent victims of financial crises, in the first two decades of the 21st century their macroeconomic performance improved. Nevertheless, there were three crisis episodes that hit some of these countries: (i) the spill-over effects of the global financial crisis in 2008–2009; (ii) the consequences of the decline in commodity prices in 2014–2016 for their exporters; (iii) the turbulence in Argentina and Turkey in 2018. Currency crises in Argentina and Turkey in 2018 underlined again the key role of prudent domestic policies. Early policy correction can help to prevent a crisis and avoid its economic, social and political costs. If crisis cannot be avoided, the comprehensive anti-crisis package, including up-front monetary and fiscal adjustment, should be adopted as quickly as possible to arrest market panic and reverse negative expectations.

Instrumental Variables and Simulation of Bias. Online Appendix for Controlling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Repeat Sales Models: Application to the Anchoring Effect in Housing

This is the Online Appendix for: Controlling Unobserved Heterogeneity in Repeat Sales Models: Application to Anchoring to Purchase Price Stocks, art, automobiles, housing, corporate bonds and other assets are often studied in a repeat sales framework in order to control unobserved heterogeneity. But unobserved variables that influence both first and second sales remain a troubling source of omitted heterogeneity for a large group of two-stage repeat sales models. We develop a simulation algorithm to correct omitted variable bias. Our algorithm is based on a function of the variance of the unobserved as a proportion of a measurable value: the total variance of unobserved plus random noise associated with the first sale. We illustrate our model with an application to seller anchoring to the price paid for a house. Our simulation results suggest that premiums on expected losses are reduced by about 50% compared to conventional models, as expected if our algorithm reduces unobserved heterogeneity. We use property tax assessed value data to control endogeneity and to validate our simulation algorithm. Our algorithm can be estimated with standard hedonic data and it is relevant to many two-stage studies, including boundary effects models, studies of credit spreads in bond markets and firm acquisitions.

Well-Prefacing in the Organization of Self-Initiated Repair

ABSTRACTThis report describes the use of well as a preface to repair solutions in self-initiated repair segments. It extends our previous work on repair prefacing, which showed that repair prefaces cast a relationship between a projected repair solution and its trouble source, with each preface type casting this relationship in a distinctive way. Based on analysis of our collection of 135 recorded instances of the phenomenon, we find that well-prefacing is a practice speakers use to overtly cast a repair solution as a noteworthy revision of the inadequate (but not wholly wrong) formulation it is moving away from. We then compare well-prefacing to no-prefacing and introduce the practice of double prefacing by describing well+no-prefacing. We conclude by describing three kinds of repair common among the well-prefaced repairs in our collection. Data are in British and American English.

Other-Initiated Other-Repair: Repair Organization While Playing a Place-Based Augmented-Reality Game

Building on research on repair (Schegloff et. al. 1977) and repair among groups with varying levels of language proficiency (Brower et. al., 2004; Hosoda 2000, 2001, 2006; Kuhilla 2005; Theodórsdóttir 2018), this paper investigates how small groups organize other-initiated other-repair while playing an augmented reality (AR) game. Typical other-initiated other-repair organization follows a six-step trajectory which includes pauses to allow for self-initiation and self-repair (Schegloff et. al. 1977). The ability for participants to have the opportunity to perform self-initiated self-repair or other-initiated self-repair is important, because other-initiated other-repair is inherently face threatening (Brown & Levinson, 1987; Svennevig, 2008). My data includes 180 minutes of video recordings of small-group interactions of intermediate to expert speakers of German playing a mobile AR game. Through the game, the participants walk to five destinations on a university campus that feature different types of green technology. They are then given information about the type of green technology that is featured and are tasked with recording a report about it on their phone. Conversation analytic methods are used to analyze the other-initiated other-repair that occurs in the data. Analyses show that the other-initiated other-repair follows a three-part organizational structure. Trouble source – other-initiated other-repair – post-expansion. This three-part organization dispenses with pauses that would allow for self-initiation or self-repair and in doing so disregards the preference for self-initiated self-repair. These results have implications for curriculum development with regards to using AR games to augment lessons. The use of other-initiated other-repair by the participants whose conversations I analyze shows that participants are aware of non-standard language use by the other members of their group and that they are willing to repair that language.

Troublesome Objects: Unpacking Ocular-Centrism in Urban Environments by Studying Blind Navigation Using Video Ethnography and Ethnomethodology

This article reports on research into the navigational practices of blind and visually impaired people in urban environments. The members of this community encounter many types of obstacles, but this article focuses on ‘unpredictable inanimate moveable objects’. The analyses are based on recorded video material from ‘naturally occurring’ walks in a Danish urban area and are informed by ethnomethodology, with a focus on how blind or visually impaired people navigate and deal with trouble sources. This research unpacks the detailed features of navigation and obstacle-detection in the urban environment and demonstrates the value of using ethnomethodology to analyze the skilled character of everyday navigation in spaces in which the walker-with-cane is a kind of assemblage in harmony or at odds with other surfaces and objects. The findings have implications for space design and technology developments which can assist blind people with obstacle detection. The article uses empirical cases to discuss an ocular-centric bias and suggests the need for a more granular understanding of physical objects and tactile experiences in future developments of a sociology of space.

REKONSTRUKSI PENDIDIKAN PERPAJAKAN: SUATU KAJIAN KRITIS TENTANG ETIKA PROFESI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KRITIS KI HADJAR DEWANTARA

Quality education is needed for the improvement of human resources. The contribution given by the education world will color society's behavior. For that education should be able to give birth to the learner in accordance with the needs of the era and have the ideal values ​​of science. Taxation education should not only be technical to give birth to a person capable of calculating taxes according to Law, but also need to have ethical based tax personality aspects. Ethics have an enormous influence and their absence will have a negative impact on the educational outcome own. Tax issues at various levels of interest have shackled the practice of taxation in the country, it appears not apart from the moral problems that ditenggarai be a source of trouble. Therefore, it is necessary to have ethical content in tax education as a moral principle and guidance of learning. There are 5 informants in this research, all involved in the field of taxation education such as students, teachers, head of taxation department and tax consultant. This research uses the critical paradigm of Ki Hadjar Dewantara as the Father of National Education. The results of this study indicate that the material taxation provided does not have ethical elements. Teaching is only technical skill without taking into account the importance of ethics. In the perspective of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, this model of education is not in accordance with the essence of science itself, where in the educational process it is necessary to plant Budi Pekerti attached to ethics in relation to taxation education as implied in the thought of Ki Hadjar Dewantara

The Post-Dictatorship Memory Politics in Portugal Which Erased Political Violence from the Collective Memory

Former clandestine militants’ voices and stories have been recurrently silenced in the Portuguese “battle over memory”, because their activities were linked to events, such as the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which have themselves been politically and socially depreciated in mainstream political narratives. Only recently did the traditional political narratives start to be questioned and debated by Portuguese scholars. Such political narratives took root in the country in the decades that followed the April Revolution, with various scholars and politicians denying the fascist categorisation of Estado Novo and adopting an authoritarian, non-totalitarian and non-fascist perspective, while recurrently depicting the Revolution as highly negative (namely as the source of the economic troubles of the country). Thus, for a long time, Portuguese conservatives opted to avoid debates on the 48 years of the Estado Novo’s regime which, among other things, maintained a very repressive and violent political police force, a camp of forced labour in Cape Vert known as Tarrafal, and a Colonial War on three African fronts. This article examines the existent academic publications which counter such oblivion of memory regarding armed struggle in Portugal. It also explores the reasons behind, on the one hand, the whitewashing of Estado Novo and the historical revisionism typical of the 1970s and 1980s, and, on the other hand, the “rebellion of memory” which emerged in the 1990s.

DANCE COSTUMES IN ABUJA CARNIVAL: THE CONTRADICTIONS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL INTEGRATION

Nigeria is a culturally diverse nation. This has always been a source of trouble for the country. The challenges that have been faced in the country have been mostly as associated with cultural diversity. Differences in political ideologies, religion and traditional festivals are also derivatives of differences in culture. As a mechanism to bridge socio-cultural differences many “Unity Projects” have been created with a view to working on the Unity of the Country. Some of these projects are National Arts Festival (NAFEST), National Sports Festival and Abuja National Carnival. However, a keen observation of the National Carnival has revealed that one of its very visible elements – The Dance Costume has a paradoxical effect on the carnival. The paradox consists in the argument that; while the carnival is expected to make Nigerians celebrate together as a people those things that bring them together, instead they celebrate those things that highlight their differences and tend to tear them apart. For instance the participating states bring to the carnival dance costumes with motifs that are peculiar to their cultural environment. The details of this paradox and its implication on the aesthetic value and effectiveness of the carnival, as a true unity-building mechanism, form the focus of this paper, using the social Identification Theory as an instrument.

Derivation of Operation Rule for Ilisu Dam

Tigris River water that comes from Turkey represents the main water resource of this river in Iraq. The expansion in water river implementations has formed a source of trouble for the workers in the water resources management field in Iraqi. Unfortunately, there is no agreement between Iraq and Turkey till now to share the water of this international river. Consequently, the optimal operation of water resources systems, particularly a multi-objective, multi-reservoir, is of the most necessity at the present time.
 In this research two approaches, were used the dynamic programming (DP) approach and simulation model to find the optimal monthly operation of Ilisu Dam (from an Iraqi point of view) through a computer program (in Q. Basic language) to find the optimum monthly release and storage by adopting an objective function that minimizes the release and storage losses (penalty). The historical inflow data of 588 months from (Oct. 1961 to Sep. 2009) formed the input data to the optimization models. Storage rule curves for the reservoir at (lower, mean, upper) of (10%, 50%, and 90%), respectively, were found according to the results of the optimized operation. A simulation model was developed to operate the system using these rule curves.

Acellular Human Dermal Allograft as a Graft for Nasal Septal Perforation Reconstruction

Nasal septal perforations pose a troubling source of morbidity for patients and a difficult problem for the otolaryngologist. Multiple surgical techniques have been tried, with inconsistent success. Prosthetic nasal buttons also have limitations, including patient intolerance and dissatisfaction. Acellular human dermal allograft (AlloDerm) has been described as an alternative material for septal perforation repair. The authors studied objective and subjective outcomes, including quantification of the patient's symptoms in septal perforation repair with AlloDerm. The authors performed a prospective cohort study of 12 patients with 1- to 2-cm anterior septal perforations who were recruited from a tertiary care practice. Patients with admitted smoking or cocaine use in the previous 3 months or vascular or granulomatous diseases were excluded. Subjective scores on the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22, along with objective nasal endoscopy and acoustic rhinometry measures, were collected at baseline and 2, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Patients were followed for reperforation 9 to 20 months postoperatively. Data were normalized to baseline values and analyzed using analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction. Successful closure of the septal perforation was obtained in 10 of 12 patients and confirmed with rigid nasal endoscopy. Nasal symptom scores (Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 ) were significantly reduced to 52.8 percent (95 percent CI, 35.1 to 70.5 percent; p < 0.01) of baseline symptoms at 4 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks postoperatively, symptoms were measured at 26.6 percent (95 percent CI, 10.9 to 42.1 percent; p < 0.01) of baseline symptoms. Acoustic rhinometry confirmed perforation closure, demonstrating a reduction in cross-sectional nasal area from baseline of 55.1 percent (95 percent CI, 37.7 to 66.8 percent; p < 0.01). This is the first study to use objective and subjective measurements to confirm success with acellular dermis allograft as an adjunct for septal perforation repair, demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in patient nasal symptoms following repair. Therapeutic, IV.

Causes, Contingencies, and Consequences of Disengagement at Work: An Integrative Literature Review

Disengagement at work is proving to be a source of continued trouble for business organizations. Various estimates suggest that in excess of 70% of the workforce is either passively or actively disengaged, which in turn subjects the organizations to enormous financial burden. Regretfully, this problem has not found sufficient intellectual resonance in the academia. Therefore, employing conservation of resources (COR; Hobfoll, 1989) as the guiding theory, in this research, we conduct an integrative literature review to consolidate the extant approaches to disengagement at work. Apart from explaining the construct, we also identified its antecedents, moderating influences, and outcomes. Implications for human resource development (HRD) research and practice have been discussed. We believe that such an attempt is likely to encourage an informed debate on the subject in the academic domain, while helping practitioners identify actionable interventions.

Other-Initiated Repair Strategies in Solving Understanding Problems in EFL Learners Conversations

The aims of this study were to investigate the employment of Other-Initiated Repair Strategies (OIR Strategies) in solving understanding problem in EFL learners’ conversation and to examine the kinds of trouble sources that prompt the employment of OIR Strategies. The participants were nine EFL learners participating in a speaking class in small university in Indonesia. To elicit the learners’ conversations two communicative tasks, Spot the Difference and Desert Island were used. The learners’ conversations during task performance were video-recorded, then, transcribed using the conventions proposed by Markee (2000) and analyzed qualitatively using Conversation Analysis method. The results showed that EFL learners managed to employ eight types of OIR Strategies comprising of 62 instances in total. The strategies are unspecified repair, interrogative repair, partial repeat plus a question word repair, partial repeat repair, understanding check repair, request for repetition, request for definition, and correction repair. Three different types of trouble sources triggered the use of OIR Strategies, namely linguistic-related problem, interactional-related problem, and meaning-related problem. The study demonstrated that by employing different OIR Strategies, even EFL learners with limited proficiency in English managed to take initiatives to overcome the understanding problem in conversations as part of their learning process. Therefore, the EFL teachers need to consider incorporating the teaching of OIR Strategies as part of their speaking class to improve the students’ fluency.

Work management as a means to adapt to constraints in farming systems: a case study from two regions in Morocco

Two investigations were carried out to characterize how farms manage work as a means to cope with several constraints. The investigations were based on the application of the “Work Assessment” method in 44 farms, located in two regions in Morocco. A first investigation protocol was applied in 30 farms in a rainfed agricultural area with possibilities of groundwater irrigation. The study showed that very small-scale farms specialize in cattle rearing. By contrast, farms with more land and capital tend to diversify their activities, mainly toward cash crops (vegetables and fruit trees), resulting in an increased use of off-farm staff. The second research protocol consisted in the use of the “Work Assessment” method in a sample of 14 diversified family farms in a large scale irrigation scheme. Work times in each agricultural activity (livestock and crops) were quantified, distinguishing the contributions of family members and those of the off-farm workers. Altogether, the results of the two investigations confirm the crucial role of livestock production for smallholder farms’ resilience, given they have almost no options in investing in cash crops. However, the limited gross margins received from cattle rearing may imply that it could have limited attractiveness for the young generations. By contrast, in larger farms, livestock is kept as a means of diversifying the sources of incomes, farmers criticizing its very limited gross margins and its relatively high needs in work. Finally, in a context of growing tensions on workers availability, it appears that work, whether assumed by family members or hired workers, is becoming an increasing source of troubles in Morocco. This may add constraints for the achievement of ambitious increases in the staple food production in the coming years.

Politicization of recent Turkish history: (ab)use of history as a political discourse in Turkey

ABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze how history has been used as a political discourse by the current ruling elites of Turkey in the post-2010 period. In doing that, the article first defines what the politicization of history is and locates the Justice and Development Party’'s (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) perception of history within the broader conservative political movements in Turkey. Then, the article focuses on the discourses of some AKP politicians and pro-AKP journalists to show how the AKP has been using history as a discourse to create a binary opposition between the Unionist/CHP mentality and the AKP mentality and to label the latter as the source of all current political troubles of Turkey.

OLDER MEN’S RESILIENCE AND MENTAL HEALTH

AbstractResilience is the process of negotiating, managing and adapting to significant sources of stress or trauma, and the process is facilitated or hindered by masculinities as much as individuals’ resources and access to community resources. Our objective is to assess what similarities and differences likely exist among older men in terms of their resilience. The symposium brings together papers that have looked at older men’s experiences from different parts of the world and different life circumstances. Bennett and her colleagues assess the resilience among men carers from the vantage of an ecological framework and discuss how the men can be supported in their communities. Heisel reviews a novel group intervention for men transitioning to retirement and discusses how it seems to bolster their resilience. Understanding that 20 veterans daily die of suicide in the US, Jahn and Crosby report on the ways the social and internalized stigmas of men seeking help for distress is a troubling source of suicide risk among older vets. King and Richardson draw on a life course perspective to assess the bearing of the early coming out experience on the older men’s resilience and mental health. Tate and colleagues identify distinct predictors of longevity at different life stages among RCAF vets who survived to at least age 90. de Vries’ discussion finds the threads among the papers on the bearing of masculinities to older men’s resilience and mental health. Participants will better understand how the diversity of masculinities can facilitate or hinder resilience among older men.

Age-related differences in language use within the mathematical register

The struggles that learners face as they attempt to produce mathematical explanations have been widely documented from researchers working in the systemic functional linguistics tradition. The approach has been to isolate specific grammatical patterns which differ across the natural and mathematical register and then argue that these represent a source of trouble for learners. This manuscript explores the extent to which age accounts for differences in the production of explanations within the mathematical register, but does so from a cognitive linguistic tradition.Data was collected over three weeks from 50 students, 30 boys and 20 girls in five different classrooms. A Chi-Square test of independence demonstrated age-related differences in the use of six different grammatical patterns within the mathematical register. The larger argument is made that producing explanations within the mathematical register relies more on the strategic use of multiple grammatical patterns and semantic forms than the mastery of a single grammatical pattern.

Research on the Crisis Early-warning System of Construction Enterprises

Through establishing the crisis early-warning system in construction enterprise, decision maker can know the condition of the whole enterprise or a single-item index visually in good time and find out the weak links. Then some improving means are proposed according to the assessing results in order to deal with the crisis in time, crush the source of trouble in the egg and reduce or avoid the loss that result in.

The act of suggesting in a university writing service in Hong Kong

This paper describes and analyzes the sequential organization and linguistic formulations of the act of suggesting and the ways suggesting is mitigated, based on a small corpus of 7.5 hours of conversations recorded from one native English-speaking tutor and one non-native English-speaking tutor in an English writing service at a university in Hong Kong. To assist the description and analysis, certain taxonomies developed for interlanguage and cross-cultural research were adopted, while also taking into account findings from the conversation analytic research on writing conferences. Regardless of the two tutors’ cultural backgrounds, their prior experience with teaching and writing consultations in Hong Kong caused them to manage the act of suggesting in a similar fashion. First, the sequential organization of their suggestions comprised five basic patterns: pairing up with praising, criticizing, locating the trouble source, prompting, and suggesting with no prior acts. The insertion of additional turns was common, resulting in extended turn sequences. Second, they used a range of linguistic expressions to increase and mitigate the force of the act, directly and indirectly. The study, although small in scale, allows us to better understand the ways writing tutors handle suggestions in writing consultations in an Asian context and discusses implications for professional practice.

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN SWITZERLAND: FROM THE "POTATO PLAGUE" TO THE DILUTED VODKA

It has long been known that social alcoholism is an indicator of public moral and wellbeing of the state. Alcoholism is no longer the problem of one particular family but a global issue. How can it be otherwise if a drunkard lying on the ground in broad daylight has become a familiar sight, as well as a violent drinker? Not a single day passes without a number of alcohol related crimes. There is no consensus on when and where alcohol first appeared, but alcoholic drinks are known to have already been quite common during pagan festive and funeral feasts or public merrymakings. As a rule, the main raw material for alcoholic beverages (brags, mead, or beer) in those days was honey, so their influence was more invigorating than intoxicating. In ancient times, this phenomenon was, similarly, a source of much trouble, resulting in Pythagoras (about 540–500 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) being the first methodologists of sober upbringing, and both were described by their contemporaries as displaying teetotalling views, which they passed on to their disciples and followers. Taking into consideration all mentioned above, the history of making and drinking alcohol goes back to ancient times. Living conditions has always had an impact on these processes. The article does not aim at a deep and thorough description of the phenomenon of drinking, production and consumption of liquor; it covers some aspects that remain matters of concern even in such a seemingly prosperous country as modern-day Switzerland. Considering various living conditions of those ancient days, modern historians do not see alcoholics of the past as depraved, weak-willed individuals any more. They believe that it is life conditions (no means of subsistence, poverty, ailing economy, crisis in the country) leading people into hopeless predicament that make people want to look for a way to forget about their troubles for a while. In such a situation one needs support in defining the causes that lead some social strata to unfavorable and malignant conditions. Some social groups are more likely to become vulnerable and even tend to turn anti-social if deprived of support. The long history of fight against alcoholism has often proved that alcoholism cannot be destroyed by frontal, permanent and absolute bans of alcoholic beverages. Therefore, it requires an unconditional fulfillment of alcohol products, existing norms and rules, including those that are prohibitive, by all entities of legal relations in the sphere of production and turnover, as well as a change in the structure of alcohol consumption and the cultivation of a drinking culture and other urgent measures in this. Modern society is getting more and more focused on the four principles that make up the basis of alcohol policy in Switzerland: prevention, treatment, harm reduction and repression. The fact that prevention and repression take the first and the last place correspondingly conforms to the alcohol policy in Switzerland: first they try to avoid the problem, then they treat those for whom preventive measures did not work, then they minimize the harm that habitual drinkers can cause, and repressive measures are considered the last resort, prevention being the main principle. Also, one of the ways of preventive struggle against alcoholism, along with public awareness activities and providing decent living conditions, is to raise alcohol taxes. History shows that liberal policy is based on self-responsibility of people and can be effective only where there is a perspective of a decent life, which presupposes a more or less stable economic situation that allows one to believe in social security.

Survey and Review

The Survey and Review section of this issue contains two papers. “Cubature, Approximation, and Isotropy in the Hypercube,” by L. N. Trefethen, is a thought-provoking article, with implications on many different areas of applied mathematics, including functional approximation, numerical linear algebra, data compression, cubature, optimization, and others. When Richard Bellman coined the expression “the curse of dimensionality” in 1961, he thought that the curse was “a malediction that has plagued the scientist from earliest days.” In fact, it is plaguing us more and more because the dimensionality of the problems being tackled increases continually. For problems posed on a hypercube in \(\mathbbR^N\), a tensor-product grid with \(n+1\) points along each coordinate axis has a total of \((n+1)^N\) points and is linked in a natural way to the anisotropic, \((n+1)^N\)-dimensional space of polynomials of degree \(łeq n\) in each of the \(N\) coordinate variables. For large \(N\), the number \((n+1)^N\) is huge, even if \(n\) is small: this is the curse of dimensionality. The author argues that many algorithms that dispel the malediction and get by with substantially fewer grid points/degrees of freedom can only be successful in special cases, for instance, for anisotropic functions well aligned with the coordinate axes. Unfortunately little has been done to characterize mathematically such special cases. The use of the isotropic space of polynomials of total degree \(łeq n\) introduces difficulties of its own, because, for \(N\) large, the hypercube \([-1,1]^N\) is very anisotropic: “most” of it is well outside the unit ball of \(\mathbbR^N\). Our second paper is “On the Divergence Constraint in Mixed Finite Element Methods for Incompressible Flows,” by V. John, A. Linke, C. Merdon, M. Neilan, and L. G. Rebholz. Most readers will be aware of the crucial role played by the Navier--Stokes equations in engineering and applied mathematics, and many will know that the corresponding numerical solution may be far from trivial, with difficulties stemming from the nonlinearity of the inertial force, the smallness of the viscous term, etc. This paper concentrates on a relatively unknown source of trouble. In the Navier--Stokes equations, perturbing the external force \(\bf f\) by the addition of a conservative force \(-\nabla V\) changes the pressure field \(p\) into \(p-V\) but has no effect on the velocity field \(\bf u\). Unfortunately many stable, convergent mixed finite element discretizations used in practice do not inherit this property, due to the way they handle the incompressibility constraint (this constraint is of course “dual” to the pressure force \(-\nabla p\)). Such discretizations are said to be nonrobust (with respect to pressure). Nonrobustness has a negative impact not only on accuracy, but also on conservation of mass and on the structure of error bounds. The paper clearly shows the disadvantages of nonrobustness and reviews the available remedies for partially fixing this problem or even suppressing it completely.