Important Source Of Information Research Articles

Examining How High School Athletic Directors Leverage Communication With Key Stakeholder Groups to Inform Performance Appraisals of Head Coaches

To ensure that head coaches are effective in leading athletic programs, interscholastic athletic directors engage in a performance appraisal process that reviews coaching efforts. Given the demands of the athletic director role, these leaders are reliant on stakeholders to provide insight that informs the coaching evaluation. Therefore, using the tenets of stakeholder theory, the purpose of this study was to analyze the role that stakeholder feedback plays as athletic directors develop the full picture of coaching performance during an evaluation. Participants (N = 25) featured high school athletic directors represented across school classification (i.e., 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A) and school type (i.e., public and private). Through semistructured interviews and a subsequent thematic analysis, saturation was achieved at this sample size. Two main themes (i.e., main stakeholder groups and leveraging stakeholder feedback) emerged and demonstrate how key stakeholders should be considered as important sources of information guiding interscholastic athletic directors when leading coaching evaluations.

MONITORING OF LUBRICANT OIL OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS AS PART OF PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

Hydraulic systems are widely used in different industries, such as civil construction, aerospace, automotive, oil, among others. The hydraulic fluid or lubricating oil of these systems is an important source of information regarding the state of the machines. In this way, the analysis of lubricating oil proves to be an important and effective tool to monitor the condition of components of hydraulic systems. Since the emergence of predictive maintenance, researchers have been dedicated to developing methods of online monitoring of hydraulic fluids in order to prevent failures, increase safety and reduce maintenance costs. Therefore, the present work sought to carry out a discussion on the importance of monitoring the hydraulic fluid, bringing the main methods of analysis and the most recent advances.

Health Information Quality of Online Newspaper Articles in Korea.

The Web is an important source of health information, but the quality of such online information is highly variable. This study evaluates the quality of health articles published on Naver News, Korea's most popular portal, using the Health Information Quality Assessment Tool (HIQUAL). We collected 712 health-related articles published on Naver News from May 1 to 7, 2023. After applying exclusion criteria, we selected 116 articles for analysis. Two clinicians independently assessed the quality of these articles using the HIQUAL, which scores articles based on five domains: "reliability," "usefulness," "understandability," "sufficiency," and "transparency." Overall article quality was generally considered recommendable (mean±standard deviation: 7.52±2.00). "Usefulness," one item of "reliability," and "understandability" were the three items with the highest levels of satisfaction. "Sufficiency" criteria for costs, risks, and benefits received low scores. Quality scores for articles focused on health risk factors and intervention showed a statistically significant difference. While the overall quality of health information in Korean online newspaper articles is acceptable, room for improvement remains in some areas, particularly with regard to the fair presentation of costs, risks, and benefits. The study highlights the need for ongoing quality improvement and evaluation initiatives for online health information.

The Most Cited Scientific Information Sources in Wikipedia Articles Across Various Languages

Ensuring the accuracy of information in Wikipedia articles requires the use of reliable sources that can be assessed by encyclopedia readers. However, the determination of source reliability can be subjective, with variations based on the language and subject matter of the article. Consequently, each language version of Wikipedia may have its own guidelines for judging the trustworthiness of sources. Some Wikipedia citations lead to scientific resources, which are usually deemed more reliable than websites due to their rigorous peer-review procedures and publication by esteemed academic publishers. This implies that the data presented in these scientific sources has been meticulously examined by specialists in the relevant area, providing a higher level of precision and trustworthiness. In this study, 332,424,439 references from 61,218,277 Wikipedia articles across 309 language versions were analyzed to identify citations to scientific publications. Additionally, OpenAlex was used to find unified metadata of important sources of information of multilingual Wikipedia.

Detection Algorithms for Simple Two-Group Comparisons Using Spontaneous Reporting Systems.

Medical science has often used adult males as the standard to establish pathological conditions, their transitions, diagnostic methods, and treatment methods. However, it has recently become clear that sex differences exist in how risk factors contribute to the same disease, and these differences also exist in the efficacy of the same drug. Furthermore, the elderly and children have lower metabolic functions than adult males, and the results of clinical trials on adult males cannot be directly applied to these patients. Spontaneous reporting systems have become an important source of information for safety assessment, thereby reflecting drugs' actual use in specific populations and clinical settings. However, spontaneous reporting systems only register drug-related adverse events (AEs); thus, they cannot accurately capture the total number of patients using these drugs. Therefore, although various algorithms have been developed to exploit disproportionality and search for AE signals, there is no systematic literature on how to detect AE signals specific to the elderly and children or sex-specific signals. This review describes signal detection using data mining, considering traditional methods and the latest knowledge, and their limitations.

Retail Investor Attention and Audit Pricing

ABSTRACT Using a recently developed proxy for retail investor attention to 10-K filings on EDGAR, we investigate the relationship between retail investor attention and audit fees. We find that retail investor attention is positively related to audit fees and negatively related to earnings quality. Our result is consistent with the notion that managers of firms with high retail investor attention are more likely to manipulate earnings. We also find that retail investor attention to 10-K filings is a relatively more important source of firm-specific information for small firms than for large firms. Collectively, we find that retail investor attention plays a significant role in audit pricing. Our results are robust even after controlling for omitted variable bias, endogeneity, and alternative retail investor attention measures. JEL Classifications: M41; M42.

Challenges of Implementing a Human Multi-Tissue Bank in a Public Hospital in the Interior of São Paulo: Under the Light of the Quality Management System

Human multi-tissue banks (HMTB) are important health institutions specialized in the capture, processing, and distribution of human tissues for transplants and research, aiming for safety and quality in the supply of their products, intended for reconstructive surgeries and injury repair, in addition to contributing to the advancement of research developed in regenerative medicine. This study aims to report and share the experience of implementing an HMTB, as well as creating an institution's own quality management system. This is a descriptive study, an experience report type, which identifies historical aspects of an HMTB's actions in the 5 years of implementing and operating the service. Initially, a musculoskeletal tissue bank was established in collaboration with the Department of Orthopedics at the State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in June 2018. In 2023, through a management model and associated technologies, the banks of human musculoskeletal and ocular tissues at the institution established the HC-UNICAMP Human Multi-tissue Bank. The implementation of the HMTB with modern and technological infrastructure, associated with the development and operation of the quality management system, allowed us to provide excellent organization of work processes, as well as obtain the necessary health license to begin activities. It is believed that this report can be an important source of information and recommendations applicable to the implementation of other human HMTBs.

Verbal and non-verbal communication in sports games (on the example of football)

The purpose of our research is to explain the actions of the player in the conditions of extremely limited time for effective interaction during the game. Verbal communication in football is becoming more predictable and the opponent quickly adapts to it. So, ideally, players should communicate with each other non-verbally in order to be more unpredictable for the opponent.
 The football exercises we offer can help improve interactions, both with and without the ball. They can be used both to improve communication in youth football teams and for their technical and tactical actions.
 We propose to put into the football context: non-verbal communication with teammates and opponents is the most important source of information for players.
 Even in our research, we pay attention to the importance of visual perception during the game, which is important information when training football players.
 Combining verbal and non-verbal communication methods, we will be able to provide information to players on the football field, which will help them make decisions faster and better both during and outside the game.
 Such spatial relationships between teammates, the coach, the opponent and the referee create new prospects for training in football and the application of new methodological forms in the training process.

Participation trends, dynamics of results and forecasting of finishing times of athletes specializing in 100 km ultra-marathon

In recent years, there has been an increase in popularity and results in road ultramarathon (running events which includes distances over 42 195 m). Attention to them from athletes, coaches and scientists is increasing. The search for scientifically based approaches to the construction of the training process is relevant. The study of statistical data on the performance of leading athletes at competitions is a source of important information for making recommendations for improving the training process. The purpose of the study was to determine the age and competitive characteristics of qualified ultramarathoners at a distance of 100 km and to develop methodological recommendations for building a training process and predicting the competitive result. The article analyzes statistical data on the performances of qualified ultramarathoners at the 100 km World Championships in 2022 and 2018, and related competition. The obtained results indicate a tendency to improve the finishing time of athletes of various qualifications. Age has a weak correlation with outcome. Qualified ultramarathoners compete in 2 or 3 main competitions during the year, with a period of 12-16 weeks between them. 100 km runners tend to slow down over the distance. More skilled athletes show less reduction in speed. The 100 km performance has a strong correlation with the 50 km performance. You can predict the competitive result at a distance of 100 km using the formula y=788.96 + 2.16x, where y is the result of running 100 km, x is the result of running 50 km in seconds. It is advisable to plan the training process of ultramarathoners based on a two- cycle or three-cycle periodization model. The derived regression equation makes it possible to adjust the training process and plan a rational running pace during the competition. Further research is needed to determine the optimal model of load distribution in the process of training ultramarathon runners.

Limits of Domain Knowledge in Election Forecasting: A Comparison of Poll Averages and Expert Forecasts

Abstract Recent high-stake occurrences of polling error led some analysts to conclude that the polls are “broken.” One question is whether domain knowledge can help identify the direction and magnitude of polling error before the fact, which would reduce uncertainty and improve accuracy. The present study compares the accuracy of a poll average to 4,494 expert forecasts, obtained across three German federal elections. Experts’ domain knowledge was unable to improve upon the accuracy of polls. On average, experts’ forecast error was 34% higher than the corresponding polling error, and in more than half of the cases, experts’ forecasts pointed in the wrong direction. Polls remain to be an important source of information when it comes to forecasting elections, despite their limitations and underlying uncertainty.

Information needs and sources used by small-scale horticulture farmers in Morogoro urban, Tanzania

While the role of information in improving small-scale horticultural farming in urban areas is widely acknowledged in the literature, its potential cannot be realized unless the information needs that enlighten the stakeholders about the appropriate information sources are known. This is because horticultural farming is an information intensive endeavour and it is full of uncertainties. This study investigated information needs and the sources used by small-scale horticulture farmers in Morogoro Urban in Tanzania. A mixed-method research design was used to collect data from 133 respondents. Questionnaires, observation, and interviews were used in the data collection process. Descriptive analysis was used inanalysing quantitative data, while content analysis was used for qualitative data. The findings of the study show that farmers needed information on sowing/harvesting time, disease and pest control, erosion control, harvest storage, and produce markets. Friends/colleagues ranked as important information sources, followed by extension officers, libraries, Internet, colleagues, cooperatives, Nanenane exhibitions, radio, and newspapers. The challenges faced including the unavailability of extension officers, and long distances to/from libraries were mentioned as significant factors hindering farmers’ use of small-scale horticultural farming information and horticultural development in general. Recommendations have been provided that, equip small-scale horticultural crop farmers with up-to-date knowledge and skills to shape the farmers' thinking, knowledge, and attitude. Such awareness will add value to the information exchanged through interpersonal relationships. Employing more skilled extension officers and the use of modern ICT to improve horticulture farmers’ information access is also recommended.

Information needs in breast reconstruction after mastectomy: a qualitative analysis of free-text responses from 2077 women.

For many, breast reconstruction following mastectomy (BR) forms an integral part of breast cancer survivorship. For those considering BR, provision of information is essential to allow informed decisions. Using free-text responses from a survey of breast cancer survivors, this study aims to understand current gaps in information regarding BR. At the end of an online survey assessing BR experiences, participants were asked the open-ended question: "Thinking about women who may experience BR in the future, is there anything you think needs to change so that they have a better experience?". Responses were analysed to identify common themes. 3384 people completed the survey with 2,077 (61%) responding to the open-ended question. Three themes were identified: (1) content of information, (2) managing expectations, and (3) information sources, each associated with multiple subthemes. Information wanted in theme (1) covered a range of topics including BR options, risks, recovery and 'going flat.' Information on BR's psychological impact was also needed, with comments indicating many were not prepared for this. Theme (2) stressed the importance of realistic information about BR outcomes and processes to reduce discrepancies between expectations and experiences. In theme (3), peer insights and photos were important sources of realistic information. Multiple gaps exist in BR-related information available to women. BR information needs to be comprehensive, realistic, and provided at the right time to allow informed decision-making. Developing strategies to strengthen existing information provision as well as new resources to fill information gaps might enhance BR experiences.

Television documentaries of the People's Republic of China (using the example of CCTV)

Television documentaries in China, especially on the largest national television channel China Central Television (CCTV), is a unique object of research reflecting a wide range of socio-cultural, political and technological aspects of the development of Chinese society. CCTV is not only an important information and entertainment source, but also a powerful tool for influencing public opinion, forming national identity and promoting public policy. The analysis of the history of the development of television documentaries in China reflects the influence of political events and socio-cultural changes on its evolution. Starting from the early stages of the development of Chinese television, when it served as a tool of state propaganda, and up to the present, when new topics and genres appeared, the study will help to understand how television documentaries have become an important element of cultural heritage and a means of public communication. The organizational structure of CCTV, as a key player in the Chinese media space, plays a significant role in shaping content and influencing public opinion. The method or methodology of the study. The methodology of this study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of television documentaries in China with an in-depth examination of the example of China Central Television (CCTV). This methodology is based on a comprehensive study of historical, cultural, political and technological aspects of the development of television documentaries in China. The study of television documentaries in China, with a focus on the example of China Central Television (CCTV), provides a significant contribution to understanding the diverse aspects of the formation and impact of this media format in the context of Chinese culture and society. The scientific novelty of this study is manifested in several key aspects. Firstly, an extensive historical analysis reveals the evolution of television documentaries in China over various periods, emphasizing the influence of political changes and socio-cultural factors on its development. Secondly, the structural analysis of CCTV reveals the organizational mechanisms that form documentary projects. Considering the interaction between the structure of the channel and the content of programs makes it possible to understand what factors influence the formation and implementation of documentary initiatives, as well as how these factors are related to public policy. The third important achievement is the thematic analysis, which highlights the main themes and directions of documentary on CCTV.

Networking Increases the Probability of Women’s Start-Ups in EMDEs

In emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), entrepreneurship and self-employment, particularly among women, play a pivotal role as a means of livelihood. Unfortunately, the share of women participating in these activities is significantly lower compared to men, which has a negative effect on both the development of these countries and gender equality. Usual programs that support women’s entrepreneurship are costly. We aim to explore the role of social networks for the entrepreneurial entry of women in EMDEs, as women can ‘help themselves’ through their development and activation. Our results, using GEM data for 53 low- and middle-income countries for the period 2011–2018, revealed that an entrepreneur on the women’s social network increases the probability of their entrepreneurial entry by 3.3 percentage points. Our results also suggest that social networks represent an important source of information that enhances the determination of women to take advantage of good business opportunities, increases the positive effect of self-assessed start-up skills on entrepreneurial entry, and raises awareness of business risks. Based on these results (confirmed by robustness and causality checks), we can recommend supporting networking between entrepreneurs and women by targeted policy measures.

First archaeological evidence for ginger consumption as a potential medicinal ingredient in a late medieval leprosarium at St Leonard, Peterborough, England

Leprosy was one of the most outwardly visible diseases in the European Middle Ages, a period during which leprosaria were founded to provide space for the sick. The extant documentary evidence for leprosy hospitals, especially in relation to diet, therapeutic, and medical care, is limited. However, human dental calculus stands to be an important source of information as it provides insight into the substances people were exposed to and accumulated in their bodies during their lives. In the present study, microremains and DNA were analysed from the calculus of individuals buried in the late medieval cemetery of St Leonard, a leprosarium located in Peterborough, England. The results show the presence of ginger (Zingiber officinale), a culinary and medicinal ingredient, as well as evidence of consumption of cereals and legumes. This research suggests that affected individuals consumed ingredients mentioned in medieval medical textbooks that were used to treat regions of the body typically impacted by leprosy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study which has identified Zingiber officinale in human dental calculus in England or on the wider European continent.

A curious tale of wine labelling: how the colour of a wine label influences purchase intention

ABSTRACT Labels on food and beverage products are important information sources that can profoundly influence consumer evaluations. This is particularly so for wines, where the text, design, and colour of labelling appearing on both the front and back of the bottle will shape consumer reactions and guide purchase intent. Importantly, the colour of a wine’s back label – that which appears on the rear of the bottle – offers a range of opportunities for wine marketers to generate heightened levels of involvement and curiosity in wine. Despite this, prior research has yet to fully examine how the colour of a back label shapes consumer attitudes and purchase behaviours. Guided by construal level theory and employing an experimental design, the current research set out to test how colour (vs. black and white) labelling influenced consumer decision-making and whether the colour of the focal wine influenced the effects. The results demonstrate black and white labelling increases consumer purchase intentions by increasing the consumer’s level of involvement and curiosity. However, the effect only occurred when the labels were paired with a red wine. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, as well as directions for future research.

Challenges in Interpreting Norwegian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Records.

The Electronic Health Record system BUPdata served Norwegian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) for over 35 years and is still an important source of information for understanding clinical practice. Secondary usage of clinical data enables learning and service quality improvement. We present some insights from explorative data analysis for interpreting the records of patients referred for hyperkinetic disorders. The major challenges were data preparation, pre-analysis, imputation, and validation. We summarize the main characteristics, spot anomalies, and detect errors. The results include observations about the patient referral diversity based on 12 different variables. We modeled the activities in an individual episode of care, described our clinical observations among data, and discussed the challenges of data analysis.

Using participatory videos in understanding farmers experiences with climate smart agricultural practices: reflections from Ghana

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has gained traction as one of the effective strategies in tackling the climate crisis. Many CSA practices have been promoted by development agencies to smallholder farmers based on the assumption that farmers would adopt these innovations for their potential benefits. However, the adoption of CSA practices in Ghana and much of Africa remains low and decision making and on-farm innovation processes are poorly understood. This study seeks to provide empirical and participatory insight into how smallholder farmers innovate. Based on a novel application of a participatory video methodology, in farming communities in the Upper West Region of Ghana, that have been exposed to multiple CSA intervention programmes, the paper analyses farmers’ own self-curated accounts of experiences with CSA innovation. The findings show that farmer’s motivation to adopt CSA innovations is driven by their concerns for food security, economic gains, and the environmental impact of climate change on their farming activities and livelihood. The study reveals a mismatch between the CSA technologies and practices advanced by the development agencies and what farmers perceive as relevant and important in addressing their farming challenges. In particular, the findings show that in a pool of more than 12 CSA technologies and practices that had been promoted through three donor-driven intervention programmes in the communities, farmers selected less labour intensive, less costly, and CSA technologies and practices that fitted to their current farming practices and the local context. Agricultural extension agents served as an important information source on the CSA innovation and their practical implementation and farmers’ social groups played a crucial role in facilitating learning about the CSA technologies and practices. There is the need to integrate farmers voices using innovative methodologies such as participatory videos to better understand farmers’ experiences in the innovation process which will help inform the design of effective interventions and promote adoption of innovations aimed at enhancing the productivity of smallholder farmers and reducing environmental impacts in African food systems. By focusing on the innovations that farmers perceive as beneficial and adaptable to their local contexts, development organizations can use their resources more efficiently and promote adoption of contextually appropriate CSA innovations.

Identifying the Spatial Heterogeneity and Driving Factors of Satellite-Based and Hydrologically Modeled Profile Soil Moisture

Profile soil moisture (PSM), the soil water content in the whole soil layer, directly controls the major processes related to biological interaction, vegetation growth, and runoff generation. Its spatial heterogeneity, which refers to the uneven distribution and complexity in space, influences refined spatial management and decision-making in ecological, agricultural, and hydrological systems. Satellite instruments and hydrological models are two important sources of spatial information on PSM, but there is still a gap in understanding their potential mechanisms that affect spatial heterogeneity. This study is designed to identify the spatial heterogeneity and the driving factors of two PSM datasets; one is preprocessed from a satellite product (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, ESA CCI), and the other is simulated from a distributed hydrological model (the DEM-based distributed rainfall-runoff model, DDRM). Three catchments with different climate conditions were chosen as the study area. By considering the scale dependence of spatial heterogeneity, the profile saturation degree (PSD) datasets from different sources (shown as ESA CCI PSD and DDRM PSD, respectively) during 2017 that are matched in terms of spatial scale and physical properties were acquired first based on the calibration data from 2014–2016, and then the spatial heterogeneity of the PSD from different sources was identified by using spatial statistical analysis and the semi-variogram method, followed by the geographic detector method, to investigate the driving factors. The results indicate that (1) ESA CCI and DDRM PSD are similar for seasonal changes and are overall consistent and locally different in terms of the spatial variations in catchment with different climate conditions; (2) based on spatial statistical analysis, the spatial heterogeneity of PSD reduces after spatial rescaling; at the same spatial scale, DDRM PSD shows higher spatial heterogeneity than ESA CCI PSD, and the low-flow period shows higher spatial heterogeneity than the high-flow period; (3) based on the semi-variogram method, both ESA CCI and DDRM PSD show strong spatial heterogeneity in most cases, in which the proportion of C/(C0 + C) is higher than 0.75, and the spatial data in the low-flow period mostly show larger spatial heterogeneity, in which the proportion is higher than 0.9; the spatial heterogeneity of PSD is higher in the semi-arid catchment; (4) the first three driving factors of the spatial heterogeneity of both ESA CCI and DDRM PSD are DEM, precipitation, and soil type in most cases, contributing more than 50% to spatial heterogeneity; (5) precipitation contributes most to ESA CCI PSD in the low-flow period, and there is no obvious high contribution of precipitation to DDRM PSD. The research provides insights into the spatial heterogeneity of PSM, which helps develop refined modeling and spatial management strategies for soil moisture in ecological, agricultural, and hydrological fields.

Media coverage and debt financing choice

Extant literature has established the roles of media coverage in the financial system as an important information source and an integrated part of corporate governance, often through its substitution effects with other mechanisms. However, in this study, we utilize negative news sentiment to demonstrate how media coverage can also complement other governance devices, such as private debt and concentrated equity ownership. Firms facing negative news are riskier and require greater monitoring, thus necessitating the complementarity of multiple governance mechanisms to circumvent the negative attributes of firms seeking external debt financing.