Sorting Out Research Articles

A Survey on Generative Adversarial Network Based Person Re-Identification Method

In recent years, with the growing demand for public safety and the rapid development of intelligent surveillance networks, person re-identification (Re-ID) has become one of the hottest research topics in the field of computer vision, which aims at retrieving a person of interest through multiple cameras with non-overlapping views. First, the current classical person Re-ID datasets are introduced. Second, the latest GAN-based person Re-ID methods are focused on sorting out. These methods are classified into three categories: image-image style transfer, data enhancement and invariant feature learning according to the characteristics and application scenarios of GAN. And basic principles, advantages, and disadvantages are summarized for each category. Then, the states of the art of the classic algorithms mentioned are compared on the mainstream datasets. Finally, the present challenging problems of person Re-ID and directions for future research are discussed.

Chinese Initial Teaching Scheme Designed for Indonesian Beginners

As a part of the primary stage of Chinese phonetic teaching, the importance of Chinese initial teaching is self-evident, as initial pronunciation errors can affect the results of communication. Therefore, when Indonesian students begin to learn Chinese phonetics, they should first master the pronunciation characteristics of Chinese initials. This study has made a deeper exploration based on previous studies. This study aims to propose an initial teaching scheme for Indonesian beginners built on sorting out. Through comparison between the consonant systems in Chinese and Indonesian languages, analysis of the difficulties of Indonesian students' acquisition of Chinese initials, and investigation of the arrangement of initials in the “Scheme of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet”, this study has designed a Chinese initial teaching scheme for Indonesian Chinese beginners with the purpose of improving the quality of Chinese initial teaching in Indonesia. Literature integration analysis and a qualitative research method were adopted in this study. By integrating existing literature and combining them with the authors’ own research findings, the design of the initial teaching scheme is optimized. The design features of this scheme are mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, arranging Chinese initials from easy to difficult to learn; second, strengthening the teaching and practice of Chinese initials which are different from Indonesian initials and simplifying those of Chinese initials which are identical to Indonesian initials; third, using the Indonesian alphabet or syllables as a guide to bring out Chinese initials. All of these can be regarded as the main results of this study and can be used as reference for further studies.

The role of knowledge-based psychological climates in human resource management systems

Purpose– Responding to Colbert’s (2004) call for research examining the complexity of work systems’ effect on performance, and following Meyer and Dunphy’s (2014, 2015) work determining the general manner by which the complex mechanism of strategy choice and its implementation effect corporate performance, the purpose of this paper is to specify and test a model of the effects of workplace factors affecting employee responses to the demand for increased knowledge in using technology.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on the literature on the resource-based view of strategy and the knowledge-based (KB) view of human resource management system implementation, theory is developed, and hypotheses are generated, regarding employee attitudes toward skill development, technology, employment security, and feedback and their impact on competence and impact. Meaningfulness, self-determination, work conditions, and intensity are controlled for. Data from a sample of 888 employees, 24 managers, and corporate executives across eight Detroit-area automotive supplier firms are used to test the model using structural equation modeling.Findings– Individual psychological states of competence and impact are positively and strongly associated with KB psychological climates that foster and condition positive beliefs about the importance of learning new skills and about the effects of the diffusion of new technologies on employees.Research limitations/implications– The complexity of the interactions of management implementation of workplace practices on employee performance still needs more sorting out. Only unionized employers pursuing high-involvement work systems were studied. Other types of employers would have very different workplace climates.Practical implications– Only unionized employers pursuing high-involvement work systems were studied. Other types of employers would have very different workplace climates.Social implications– In order to have employees be receptive to changing technology and the resulting, increased demands for knowledge and skill, employers have to provide long-term employment security.Originality/value– The results provide the specific manner by which employers can increase employee receptiveness to increase workplace knowledge and training to have more impact on their performance.

Interventional cardiology: SORTing OUT stents--everolimus limits very late stent thrombosis.

Interventional cardiology: SORTing OUT stents--everolimus limits very late stent thrombosis.

Gender Perception as a Habit of Moral Perception: Implications for Philosophical Methodology and Introductory Curriculum

Gender Perception as a Habit of Moral Perception: Implications for Philosophical Methodology and Introductory Curriculum

Insomnia as a Predictor of Depression: Do Insomnia Subtypes Matter?

SORTING OUT CAUSALITY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSOMNIA AND DEPRESSION WAS ONCE APTLY CALLED A “CHICKEN AND EGG SITUATION.”1 Some twenty years ago Ford and Kamerow's longitudinal work highlighted the role of insomnia as a predictor of depression in this relationship.2 Well over a dozen studies have since replicated their findings in different cohorts and over various periods of assessment. In a 2005 commentary in Sleep, (“If it looks and walks like a duck…”3), Fred Turek considered this evidence and declared that insomnia causes depression. Not for everyone, of course, and not that insomnia always precedes or is always present in depression, but that insomnia is one independent cause of depression. It has also been pointed out that depression and insomnia are not strictly “birds of a feather,”4 but the neurobiologic, cognitive, and behavioral features they share provide several pathways to investigate how insomnia could lead to depression. In addition, how insomnia presents (or more precisely, in what form it presents), may also be important. The epidemiologic study by Yokoyama and colleagues5 in this issue of SLEEP addresses this latter end. In their study, Yokohama et al.5 utilize data from two time points (2003 and 2006) in the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Ageing6 to examine the relationship between insomnia subtypes (difficulty initiating sleep [DIS], difficulty maintaining sleep [DMS] and early morning awakening [EMA]) and the development of depression. The study provides some interesting cross-sectional data. First, there were fairly weak correlations among the three subtypes (ranging from r = 0.248 to r = 0.383), suggesting the subtypes are fairly distinct. Second, the prevalence of EMA was not more common than other subtypes in the 2003 cohort of 4,028 older adults (DIS 11.1%; DMS 22.9%; EMA 11.5%), suggesting little variation from rates observed in the general population7 in contrast to some clinical lore that may still view EMA as distinctly related to late-life insomnia. Third, DIS was more strongly associated with depression (adjusted OR 2.02: 1.46–2.81) than EMA (1.44: 1.03–2.03) at the initial time point, while the relationship between DMS and depression was not significant. Finally, the association of any insomnia (having DIS, DMS, or EMA) to concurrent depression did not reach significance in adjusted models, suggesting there may be some added value to identifying insomnia subtypes, since in the longitudinal models reported by Yokoyama et al., only DIS at baseline predicted depression three years later.5 Brabbins et al. had a similar finding in a smaller sample of older adults in which DIS, but not DMS or EMA, was associated with the development of new depression.8 Notably, findings from Yokayama and colleagues are strengthened by their having controlled for sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness in addition to demographic and health factors.5 Unfortunately, the Yokoyama et al. study cannot address the concern first raised by Hohagen et al.9 when they reported considerable variability in insomnia subtypes over time, such that the chief subtype complaint at baseline remained the chief insomnia complaint in less than 50% of patients just 4 months later. Thus, whereas insomnia was again found to relate to subsequent depression, the establishment of DIS (or any other subtype) as the putative unique phenotype underlying the insomnia-depression relationship will require more evidence. The promise of such efforts is that they may lead to both preventive medicine with respect to depression and individualized medicine with respect to presentations of insomnia. Research may proceed along a number of overlapping paths. More specifically, longitudinal designs using diagnostic criteria for both insomnia and depression in both epidemiologic and clinical research domains can be exploited to assess: (1) not only DIS, DMS, and EMA, but also other subtypes such as insomnia, psychophysiologic insomnia, and paradoxical insomnia, or possible phenotypes associated with cognitive stance10 or stress reactivity11; (2) the bi-directional relationships of insomnia and depression over multiple time points as recently accomplished by Buysse et al.12; and (3) the biologic (e.g., serotonergic tone, limbic hyperarousal, inflammatory markers) and psychological (e.g., response to life stressors, dysfunctional beliefs, poor coping strategies, worry/rumination) correlates of insomnia and depression. We already have preliminary evidence that adjuvant insomnia treatments can have a greater impact on insomnia and depression than when treating the depression alone.13,14 It remains for the current generation of insomnia-depression research to identify (if they exist) the most depression-vulnerable insomnia subtypes. Then, for such patients, ethical clinical trials need to be designed which allows us to position our existing and evolving insomnia treatments before the onset of depression to determine whether insomnia intervention can also serve as depression prevention (potentially taking out two birds with one stone, as it were).

Social behaviour in genetically heterogeneous groups of Dictyostelium giganteum

The Dictyostelid or cellular slime moulds (CSMs) are soil amoebae with an asexual life cycle involving social behaviour and division of labour. The most obvious distinction is between 'germ line' or pre-spore cells, which survive, and 'somatic' or pre-stalk cells, which eventually die. A plausible hypothesis to explain the apparent altruism of pre-stalk cells is that it is directed at clonal relatives. We have tested this hypothesis by comparing indices of altruistic behaviour between clonal and chimeric (genetically heterogeneous) social groups. The groups were generated by mixing amoebae belonging to distinguishable strains of Dictyostelium giganteum. The amoebae of one strain do not aggregate at all when mixed with any of three other strains and aggregate poorly with a fourth. Among the latter, co-aggregation occurs but is followed by varying extents of sorting out. At times, two strains form separate fruiting bodies; in other cases, they remain together but are clustered in clonal groups within a single chimeric structure. Our expectation was that the allocation of cells to the stalk pathway would be higher, and to the spore pathway lower, in clonal social groups than in chimeras. The expectation was not always fulfilled. In addition, three strains could be arrayed in a linear rank order in terms of the relative efficiencies of spore-formation in binary mixtures; but when all three were mixed, they were equally efficient. More than overall genetic similarity, cell fate in a chimera seems to result from complex non-linear interactions based on epigenetic differences.

Economic Methodology: Heterogeneity and Relevance

questions will be asked than will, in fact, be answered. The intention is to propose a broad-based critique of contemporary economic methodology starting off from the recognition of the deep-seated heterogeneity of the subject matter of economics. There is a good deal of discontent about the methods and traditions in vogue in contemporary economic theory. I shall argue that while parts of that disquiet are well grounded, they have to be separated from others that seem to take insufficient note of the particular nature of the exercises under attack. In particular, some reproaches are based on an inadequate recognition of the diversity of motivations and concerns underlying different types of economic theory. In reading the literature, I am sometimes reminded of an old story concerning two estranged brothers one a general and the other a bishop who meet after many years in a desolate railway station and find their old dislikes revived. The bishop asks the general: Assistant Station Master, tell me when is the next train to London? The general replies to the bishop: Madam, in your condition, do you think it is safe to travel? Our ability to misrepresent or misunderstand what others are up to is quite striking. As a consequence oddly inappropriate broadsides can come mixed with pertinent and penetrating criticisms. The need for sorting out is, thus, quite central. To some extent, this is what

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface proteins regulate position-specific cell affinity in the limb bud.

Although regional differences in mesenchymal cell affinity in the limb bud represent positional identity, the molecular basis for cell affinity is poorly understood. We found that treatment of the cell surface with bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) could change cell affinity in culture. When PI-PLC was added to the culture medium, segregation of the progress zone (PZ) cells from different stage limb buds was inhibited. Similarly, sorting out of the cells from different positions along the proximodistal (PD) axis of the same stage limb buds was disturbed. Since PI-PLC can remove glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane bound proteins from the cell surface, the GPI-anchored cell surface proteins may be involved in sorting out. To define the GPI-anchored molecules that determine the segregation of limb mesenchymal cells, we examined the effect of neutralizing antibody on the EphA4 receptor that binds to GPI-anchored cell surface ligands, called ephrin-A. Sorting out of the PZ cells at different stages could be inhibited by the neutralizing antibody to EphA4. These results suggest that EphA4 and its GPI-anchored ligands are, at least in part, involved in sorting out of limb mesenchymal cells with different proximal-distal positional values, and that GPI-anchored cell surface proteins play important roles in determining cell affinity in the limb bud.

Pattern formation in dissociated limb bud mesenchyme in vitro and in vivo.

A fundamental process in limb bud development is the formation of position-dependent cartilage pattern. Cells of the distal mesenchyme maintain positional values as the expression pattern of transcription factors, for example, hox genes, which induce position-related cell differentiation and cell surface differences. Cultured, dissociated limb bud mesenchymal cells segregate from each other, and eventually form cartilage nodules. This sorting out is position-dependent, not cell-type dependent, suggesting that the positional values may be involved. Positional valves were found to be retained in limb bud recombinants. In the chick system, the expression of HoxA13 and HoxD12 was present in the distal half of stage 20 recombinants, whereas these markers were expressed throughout the stages 25 recombinants. In the Xenopus system, multiple digit formation was introduced in limb recombinants, and a position-related relationship between regeneration potency and the multiple digit formation could be established. This determination of multiple digit formation with different stages of limb mesenchyme may be useful in understanding mechanisms of the loss of vertebrate limb regeneration potency.

そしゃく機能評価のための米飯そしゃくに関する研究

The purpose of the present study was to investigate mastication of steamed rice as the end point for evaluation of masticatory function. Tongue motion was simultaneously recorded with the mandibular movement and EMGs of anterior and posterior temporal and masseter muscles. Observations of masticatory function were the recording of tongue motion with B-mode ultrasonographic image in the median sagittal plane of the mandible, the relationship between tongue and mandible motionsand the cooperation of tongue and mandible motions and EMGs of masticatory muscles.Traces showed two phases, the sorting out (SO) and bolus formation (BF) phases, observed during mastication. Efficient masticatory function corresponded with the change of food texture in the progress of mastication. Their motion andthe EMGs were changed according to the patterns and rhythms and automatically regulated. The function enabled evaluation by recognition of SO and BF phases during mastication of steamed rice.

"An Incarnational Art": Teaching Shakespeare

the changes in Shakespearean interpretation over the past decade or so have indeed been remarkable. During this time, performance-centered criticism enjoyed a few years at center stage; more recently, the spotlight has shifted to harbingers of the new historicism. Psychoanalysis has made a comeback, especially the pre-oedipal variety; and British cultural materialists are increasingly making themselves heard. Such changes have been coming more and more rapidly. Each year between 1980 and 1985 saw at least one new book on gender in Shakespeare published, most of them representing a sophistication in method over previous ones. The pace of change has been quickened by the popularity of purpose-commissioned anthologies, in which many hands develop various aspects of one or another of the new schools. Clearly some sorting out is in order. Are these new approaches merely trendy, or do they achieve new understandings of Shakespeare's plays? Taken together, do they amount to a fundamental change in Shakespearean interpretation? Or do they simply ramify and accelerate a pluralism that has already prevailed for decades?1

Heteroplasmy of chloroplast DNA in Medicago

Two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions exhibiting a high frequency of intra- or inter-species variation were identified in 12 accessions of the genus Medicago. Restriction maps of both regions were prepared for alfalfa, and the probable nature of the events causing the DNA differences was identified. Specific DNA fragments were then cloned for use in identification of variants in each region. Two each of M. sativa ssp. varia and ssp. caerulea and one of six M. sativa ssp. sativa single plants examined possessed cpDNA heterogeneity as identified by screening extracts for fragments generated by the presence and absence of a specific Xba I restriction site. Three plants of M. sativa ssp. sativa, two of each of sspp. varia and caerulea, and three M. scutellata were also examined for single-plant cpDNA heterogeneity at a hypervariable region where differences resulted from small insertion-deletion events. A single M. scutellata plant with mixed cpDNAs was identified. Sorting out was seen when one spp. sativa plant with mixed plastid types identifiable by the Xba I restriction site difference was vegetatively propagated. This indicated that the initial stock plant was heteroplastidic. Controlled crosses will be required in order to test whether heteroplasmy results from chloroplast transmission in the pollen and to examine the dynamic of sorting out. However, heteroplasmy is apparently not a rare situation in Medicago.

Sonnet On a November Day

nearly seventy dollars like that once, in an old cabin nobody had lived in for years. He just started wiggling rocks in the fireplace until he found one that was loose, and there was the money, right behind it." "Aw," the boy said, but he cut his eyes toward the cabin, then looked quickly away. "I guess you're right, kid. Well, I better go. Merry Christmas." "Merry Christmas, mister." Alan walked about a hundred yards, then looked over his shoulder. The boy was still standing there. Alan waved, the boy waved back, then the path turned behind a laurel thicket and the highway came into view. Alan stopped behind the thicket and peeked cautiously around. The boy's gun was propped against the wall by the open door of the cabin. Alan waited. In a few minutes there was a whoop from inside the cabin and the boy burst out the door -waving a handful of bills. He ran up the path toward his house, and Alan could hear him yelling. "Pa! Ma! Come here! Look what I found!" Alan turned and walked quickly down the path to the car. What a weird night. He must have dreamed that stuff about the old woman and all. Still, he had put the presents on the porch, and he had known where the money was. This was going to take some sorting out. He got into the car and started it, still preoccupied. It had to be some kind of dream, he was sure of it. What else could it be? He put the car in gear and twisted around to look out the back window for traffic before he pulled out into the road. And in the back seat, lying folded among the Christmas presents, was the Star of Bethlehem quilt. = 0l(lllllMII(flll)ltltllllllH11l lltrilllli;i(MfiriMf(li/IHIIllll(l(MIIUIinilM(llll)irnilfllllllMt(IMUIIIllimMIIIII)ltllIIIIIIIIlllllimil>tlMllttlMimtmi1l II11II l>IIUIMItIltnilll)IIIIIIH(tin = *** ¿_ S . i:¡ ? "A ?* IKf Sonnet On a November Day This warm November day we tramp the lane and climb its narrow winding path uphill; shy birds in thickets view us with disdain, and flee in coveys to a distant rill. We pass by Esther's house, and old gray barn, where cured tobacco hangs in golden leaf; then come to spicy-smelling pines that warn of past glad Christmases and present grief. We mount the hill and reach its grassy crest; the Tygart Valley spreads its fields below. We pause to triumph and, fatigued, to rest, and listen to the wind's relentless flow. From here, we scan our ancient Planet Earth, and return fulfilled to home and blazing hearth. —Paula Wells j-wî e¿ IoniumiHmimmtMimiimiiiiiiimiHiimmmuiimmiiimiiiim......iuiimniimiimiimimiHis ?« mÄ il X*5 ^vvX * ·· ·>· ' S \ Iw y°^ ./:·'·¦··' ? xxxxxx>oo

A teratocarcinoma-derived endoderm stem cell line (1H5) that can differentiate into extra-embryonic endoderm cell types

We investigated the ability of the teratocarcinoma-derived, epithelial-type cell line 1H5 to differentiate into either of the two pathways to primary endoderm, and tested the hypothesis that 1H5 represents a state similar to primitive endoderm in the late 4th-day blastocyst. Like other endodermal cell types, 1H5 cells mixed with embryonal-carcinoma cells sort out into “embryoid bodies” or structures that resemble 4th-day mouse embryos. The epithelial line conforms morphologically and biochemically to the few known characteristics typical of primitive endoderm. The present study demonstrates that the formation in vitro of overt visceral endoderm is readily achieved. The spontaneous arrangement of the cells into a cystic form is followed by the appearance of several markers of visceral endoderm, most notably alphafetoprotein, which is detected when 1H5 cells are cultured either in the presence of retinoic acid or when the cells interact with embryonal-carcinoma cells in a specific spatial arrangement after sorting out. However, some less specific properties of visceral endoderm are not expressed. Although 1H5 differentiates histologically into parietal-like endoderm in the tumor form, parietal cells cannot yet be identified with certainty in vitro because of the paucity of parietal-specific markers. The 1H5 cell line could provide a useful system for studying the characteristics and mechanisms underlying visceral-endoderm differentiation in vitro, since it has the distinct advantage that homogeneous cultures are produced, in contrast to other teratocarcinoma cell lines such as F9 which differentiate into a mixture of cell types.

Plastid fusion as an agent to arrest sorting out

Plastid fusions were noted in an ultrastrucutal study of a mutant of Hosta showing slow sorting out of plastid genes. These data suggest that fusions between wild type and mutant plastids might increase the mixing of plastid DNA and hence slow the process of sorting out. It is likely that peripheral reticula are involved in the process of plastid fusion between the mutant and wild-type plastids.

Postmortem on Winter Olympics medical care

Tomorrow the summer Olympic Games begin in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The United States, Japan, and some other key countries will not send participants. Meanwhile, back in the United States, Olympic physicians are compiling their reports on the medical experience at the Winter Games in Lake Placid, NY. George G. Hart, MD, a Lake Placid-born family practitioner who was chairman of medical arrangements for that community's Olympic Organizing Committee, says a total of 2,537 treatments of athletes, spectators, and support personnel was recorded. However, says Hart, those treatments require some sorting out. For example, the computer would have him believe that 14 fractured calcanei were treated during the games, but he has not seen that many broken heelbones in his entire practice. As it turns out, one person fractured a calcaneus and had 14 whirlpool treatments. Hart, his vice-chairman Edward G. Hixson, MD, of Saranac Lake, NY, and

Textual Problems in Bellini's Norma and Norma

Research Article| April 01 1976 Textual Problems in Bellini's Norma and Norma Charles S. Brauner Charles S. Brauner Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (1976) 29 (1): 99–118. https://doi.org/10.2307/831099 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles S. Brauner; Textual Problems in Bellini's Norma and Norma. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 April 1976; 29 (1): 99–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/831099 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1976 The American Musicological Society, Inc. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Differences in the morphogenetic properties of mouse and chick embryonic liver cells.

AbstractAggregates containing trypsin‐disaggregated mouse and chick embryonic liver cells were prepared, and in confirmation of Moscona's reports, no substantial sorting out was seen. While this behavior could mean that the morphogenetic properties of these cells are the same, alternative explanations have not been ruled out. Thus, additional comparisons of these cells were needed to decide whether these properties are the same, and two such tests were performed.It is known that when two pieces of chick embryonic liver are fused together, neither piece envelops the other. If mouse and chick embryonic liver cells had identical properties, no envelopment would be expected in mouse‐chick liver fusions. Such fusions were prepared, and contrary to this expectation, chick liver enveloped mouse liver almost invariably.It is known that chick embryonic liver cells sort out from chick embryonic heart ventricle cells in mixed aggregates. If mouse liver cells had properties identical to those of chick liver cells, it would be expected that they too would sort out from chick ventricle cells. Mouse liver‐chick ventricle cell aggregates were prepared, and contrary to this expectation, no substantial sorting out was found.These two tests demonstrate that the morphogenetic properties of mouse and chick embryonic liver cells are not the same. Clearly, a new explanation must be found for their lack of sorting out, and several possible explanations are discussed.

Cell sorting out according to species in aggregates containing mouse and chick embryonic limb mesoblast cells.

AbstractAggregates were prepared containing mouse and chick embryonic limb mesoblast cells. After 21 to 33 hours in culture, these aggregates showed prominent sorting out of the mouse cells from the chick cells. This sorting out was even more extensive after 46 to 54 hours. This sorting out is contrary to previous reports for mouse‐chick limb aggregates.After three to four days of culture, chondrification became quite prominent within the aggregates. Accompanying this event, the segregation of mouse and chick cells became less extensive within the chondrified zones. This rescrambling seems to be due at least in part to the interpenetration of neighboring chondrifying regions. Such interpenetration would be expected, due to the expansion which occurs within chondrifying areas. This reshuffling is the probable reason why sorting out was not observed in earlier experiments with mouse‐chick limb aggregates. In these earlier studies, the reports were limited to aggregates which had extensive matrix secretion.The finding that mouse and chick limb mesoblast cells sort out from each other, together with recent reports that similar sorting out occurs in mouse‐chick heart ventricle aggregates and in mouse‐chick mesonephric aggregates, invalidates the generalization that cell sorting properties for any one tissue are constant from species to species among warm‐blooded vertebrate embryos.