Limited prior knowledge exists regarding perfectionism and other relevant educational variables, such as the wide spectrum of School Attendance Problems. However, perfectionism has been related to somatic complaints and symptoms, school burnout, and negative emotionality. Therefore, this study analyzes the association between this personality trait and reasons for school non-attendance, using a person-centered approach. The sample consisted of 681 students aged 12 to 18 (M = 14.98, SD = 1.84), of whom 295 were boys, 374 were girls, and 12 self-identified as others. They completed the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Assessing Reasons for School Non-attendance questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to obtain perfectionistic profiles from a combination of socially prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism. It reported three perfectionistic profiles: Low perfectionism, moderate perfectionism, and high perfectionism. The high perfectionism group scored higher than the other groups on all of the reasons for school non-attendance (somatic symptoms, subjective health complaints, truancy, and school refusal). Perhaps when failing to achieve their academic goals, high-perfectionist students appear to manifest negative and disproportionate reactions through somatic symptoms and complaints. In addition, they may not want to attend to school to avoid showing their weaknesses and mistakes in public or suffering negative emotional states.

Psychological responses to training and competition can vary across the menstrual cycle, yet phase-specific patterns in active and trained women remain poorly characterised. To synthesise current evidence on psychological outcomes across the phases of the natural menstrual cycle in active women and athletes. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. Studies were eligible if they assessed psychological outcomes across at least two menstrual cycle phases in women with natural menstrual cycles (≥18 years) who were engaged in structured training or physically active (≥150 min of moderate-to-vigorous activity per week) for at least 3 months. Five studies were identified through database searches (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus) and screened independently by two reviewers. Outcomes were analysed narratively due to the heterogeneity of results. The methodological quality of the included studies was independently assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Across studies, the menstrual and luteal phases were associated with reductions in positive mood and motivation, increased somatic complaints, and elevated emotional tension. Cognitive-affective outcomes such as attention and perceived performance were also impaired, particularly in the late luteal phase. In contrast, the follicular phase showed more favourable psychological functioning. The ovulatory phase was often not verified in the studies. Perceived interference and negative menstrual attitudes moderated several outcomes independent of physiological measures. Psychological states may vary across the menstrual cycle, with evidence suggesting greater vulnerability during the luteal and menstrual phases. These findings support the relevance of cycle-informed monitoring and the potential value of individualised support strategies in sport contexts.

The Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is widely used to assess somatic symptom burden, but its latent structure remains uncertain. This study tested competing PHQ-15 factor models and their associations with demographic and psychological variables in a large, nationally representative UK sample (N = 1405). Confirmatory factor analyzes using WLSMV evaluated alternative structures reported in the literature. Several multifactor models showed acceptable fit, but a four-factor model comprising pain, cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and fatigue domains provided the best overall fit and outperformed a one-factor solution. Inter-factor correlations were high, indicating substantial overlap between domains and supporting the utility of the total PHQ-15 score. Males reported slightly lower symptom burdens, and younger adults reported more somatic complaints. Findings support multidimensionality alongside a strong general somatic distress tendency, though the PHQ-15 does not fully align with ICD-11 bodily distress disorder criteria.

Integrating personalized experience sampling methodology in schema therapy for late-life depression and comorbid avoidant personality disorder.

Objective: To examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of children with school refusal, identify accompanying psychopathologies, and investigate the relationship between comorbid psychopathologies and the severity of school refusal and demographic features. Method: The study included 52 children and adolescents aged 7-16 who presented to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic between November 2023 and November 2024 with reluctance to attend school and a diagnosis of school refusal. The researcher administered a questionnaire to participants that included sociodemographic data and questions related to school refusal. Children were asked to complete a school refusal rating scale. Semi-structured psychiatric interviews were conducted with children and their families to identify psychopathologies accompanying school refusal in children.Results: Of the cases, 48.1% were male, and 51.9% were female. The mean age was 12.31±2.73 years. At the time of referral to the outpatient clinic, more than two-thirds of the children had never attended school. More than two-thirds of the cases were accompanied by at least one psychopathology, and this rate was significantly higher in males. The most common comorbid psychopathologies were generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, and separation anxiety disorder. In the younger age group, somatic complaints were statistically significantly more frequent, and separation anxiety disorder was more commonly comorbid. No significant relationships were found between school refusal rating scale scores and demographic data, clinical characteristics, or comorbid psychopathology.Conclusion: School refusal is one of the child psychiatric emergencies that causes serious academic, social, and psychological problems in children and adolescents in the short and long term. Furthermore, the presence of accompanying psychopathology further worsens the prognosis. Therefore, understanding the demographic and clinical factors in these children, examining their relationship with comorbidity, and addressing these factors in clinical practice will positively influence intervention processes and prognosis.

Urbanization significantly shapes the psychological health of children and adolescents. To apply network analysis to explore psychological problems among students aged 6-16 years from rural and urban areas of China. Using data from a multi-stage stratified epidemiological survey, we analyzed 19 711 students (9566 urban; 10 145 rural). Among them, 3003 had mental disorders. Screening was conducted using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), followed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents and psychiatrist interviews. Network analysis was used to compare rural and urban CBCL networks. In the entire sample, social problems, thought problems, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior were more pronounced in the rural group, while the urban group showed elevated somatic complaints. The rural and urban networks exhibited significant differences in edge weights (M = 0.186, P < 0.001), but showed no significant difference in global network strength (S = 1.608, P = 0.086). Among participants with mental disorders, withdrawn/depressed, social problems, thought problems, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior were more prominent in the rural group, while the urban group showed more somatic complaints and aggressive behavior. The rural and urban networks exhibited significant differences in edge weights (M = 0.223, P = 0.001) but showed no significant difference in global network strength (S = 3.245, P = 0.358). Urbanization is a significant environmental determinant affecting youth mental health in China, linked to distinct psychological patterns. Rural students tended to show more emotional problems, whereas urban students demonstrated more behavioral issues.

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with acquired brain injury (ABI), yet limited evidence guides treatment for this population. This study aimed to establish expert consensus on the applicability of trauma-focused PTSD treatments for adults with ABI, identify commonly used adaptations, and clarify treatment challenges. Method A Delphi study was conducted with Dutch clinicians experienced in delivering PTSD treatment to adults with ABI across mental health, rehabilitation, and hospital settings. Through two iterative survey rounds, participants evaluated statements regarding feasibility, safety, and modifications of psychological therapies for PTSD after ABI. Quantitative agreement ratings were supplemented with qualitative comments. Results Consensus across two Delphi rounds (51 and 50 experts) indicated that trauma-focused treatments were feasible for adults with ABI. Core therapeutic principles were considered valid, and procedural adaptations, such as shorter sessions, slower pacing, and simplified language, were sometimes recommended for cognitive or sensory impairments. Structural modifications were less commonly endorsed. Opinions diverged regarding side-effect profiles: some reported similarities to non-ABI patients, whereas others noted increased fatigue, irritability, or somatic complaints. No consensus emerged on the adequacy of current PTSD assessment instruments, with concerns about symptom overlap and a need for ABI-specific validation or adapted administration. Conclusions Clinicians agreed that trauma-focused treatments can be feasible for adults with ABI when adaptations are applied on a case-by-case basis. The study also highlights uncertainty regarding PTSD assessment tools and the need for systematic evaluation of treatment adaptations and adverse effects. These practitioner-informed findings provide direction for clinical practice and guideline refinement.

Previous studies have shown a positive relation between retrospectively measured loneliness and somatic complaints. This study investigated the relation between state loneliness and state somatic complaints as well as the direction of this relation in the context of daily life. It was hypothesized that there is a positive contemporaneous association between state loneliness and state somatic complaints as well as a positive bidirectional temporal association. Using the Experience Sampling Method, 16 patients with somatic symptom disorder and 27 participants from the general population received a signal on their smartphones 10 times a day for 14days to fill out an ESM-item on loneliness and two on somatic complaints. To test our hypotheses, multilevel linear regression models with random effects were estimated. Associations between state loneliness and state somatic complaints in the context of daily life were demonstrated (B=0.12, SE=0.01, p<.001). Temporal analyses revealed, however, that state loneliness (t-1) did not predict somatic complaints (t) in daily life (90-min window; B=0.01, SE=0.01, p=.573). Neither did state somatic complaints predict state loneliness (B=0.02, SE=0.03, p=.534). This study demonstrated contemporaneous associations between state loneliness and state somatic complaints in the context of daily life. However, state loneliness did not predict subsequent state somatic complaints, nor did state somatic complaints predict subsequent state loneliness. Future studies are necessary to further disentangle the complex relationship between loneliness and somatic complaints.

Age of first exposure and duration of child physical and sexual abuse - Links to adolescent psychological and somatic health.

Introduction: Historically, childhood depression was overlooked due to perceived developmental immaturity. However, modern paradigms recognize it as a complex disorder often presenting with "masked" symptoms that differ from adult manifestations. In India, prevalence rates show an increasing trend, yet research on younger children remains sparse. This study aimed to delineate the clinical features, temperamental traits, and family environmental correlates of childhood depressive episodes in an eastern Indian hospital setting, while quantifying the perceptual gap between children and parents.Methods: This institution-based, case-control study screened 145 children aged 5-12 years, resulting in a final population of 34 cases (diagnosed via the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Diagnostic Criteria for Research) and 34 age- and sex-matched controls. Assessment tools included the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Draw-a-Person Test (DAP) for evolving personality traits, and the Family Environmental Scale (FES). Statistical analysis data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages, while numerical variables were expressed as means and standard deviations (SD). Inferential statistics included the chi-squared (χ2) test for categorical associations. Data were found to be normally distributed via the Shapiro-Wilk test (p = 0.413). Independent t-tests were done to compare numerical means between groups. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), Crammer's V, and Cohen’s d were calculated to quantify the magnitude of categorical variables.Results: Depressive episode was diagnosed in 23.44% (n = 34) of children. Most cases were aged 9-12 years (n = 26, 76.5%) with a slight male preponderance (n = 18, 52.29%). Frequent symptoms included sleep disturbances (n = 28, 82.35%), irritability (n = 26, 76.47%), and somatic complaints (n = 22, 64.7%). Environmental stressors such as bullying (χ2 (1, n = 68), 11.691, p = 0.001, V = 0.415) and a lack of close friends (χ2 (1, n = 68), 23.611, p = 0.00, V = 0.589) were significantly more prevalent in cases. FES results indicated that depressed children lived in domestic environments characterized by lower cohesion (p = 0.032) and higher conflict (p = 0.00) and control (p = 0.00). DAP testing revealed significantly higher scores for anxiety (p = 0.00), low self-esteem (p = 0.001), and internalized aggression (p = 0.001) in the case group. Also noted was high discordance in illness perception (88%, n = 30), as parents' severity ratings did not match the child's self-report, with 64.7% (n = 22) of parents underestimating the severity.Conclusion: Children with depression present with varied symptoms, including somatic and behavioral problems. Childhood depression is a multi-dimensional disorder that correlates with the family environment and temperament of the child. The significant parent-child perceptual gap highlights the need for child-centric assessment tools and enhanced parental awareness to ensure early diagnosis and minimize long-term social impairment.

Using data on Norwegian adolescents, this study aimed to explore changes in mental health, quality of life, somatic health complaints and loneliness from before and one year into the COVID-19 pandemic, also considering the changes according to socioeconomic position (SEP). The study involved a cross-sectional comparative design with data from Young-HUNT4 (2017-2019) (n = 4347) and Young-HUNT COVID (May/June 2021) (n = 2033), aged 16-19 years. Additionally, longitudinal changes from Young-HUNT4 (n = 1565), aged 13-15 years, with follow-up in Young-HUNT COVID were explored. The impact of SEP was investigated through regression analyses and investigating prevalence changes in high and low SEP groups. In the cross-sectional comparison, boys and girls reported higher levels of loneliness and mental distress (boys only) into the pandemic compared to before, while general health and quality of life remained stable. Longitudinally, all factors changed adversely except for general health in boys. Comparing younger (13-15 years) with older (16-19 years) adolescents from Young-HUNT4, demonstrated the same adverse pattern as in the longitudinal sample. Poor health, poor quality of life and loneliness were more prevalent in the low compared to the high SEP group. In the low SEP group, mental distress, poor general health and life quality worsened in boys while improved in girls during the study period. Except for mental distress in boys, general health and life quality did not deteriorate in the study period, although loneliness increased in both sexes. In the low SEP group, girls seemed to cope better than boys where health and well-being even improved.

Background:Dhat syndrome (DS) is a culture-bound psychiatric condition prevalent in South Asia, characterized by anxiety, distress, and somatic complaints due to the perceived loss of semen. Despite the high prevalence of DS, it is often under-reported due to stigma and cultural beliefs. Untreated DS negatively impacts coping mechanisms, quality of life (QoL), and functional disability.Aim:This study aims to evaluate the association of duration of untreated DS on coping mechanisms, QoL, and disability.Methodology:A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center in North India between October 2016 and September 2017. Convenience sampling was used to enroll 117 patients diagnosed with DS, based on ICD-10 criteria. Data were collected through a semi-structured proforma, and coping mechanisms, QoL, and disability were assessed using the Brief COPE, World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO QoL-BREF), and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) scales. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the direct and indirect effects of untreated DS on coping and psychosocial outcomes.Results:The mean duration of untreated DS was 5.18 ± 3.8 years. Longer durations of untreated DS were associated with reliance on avoidant (P = 0.05) and emotion-focused (P = 0.02) coping strategies, while shorter durations showed higher use of problem-focused coping (P = 0.001). Participants with longer untreated DS had poorer psychological (P = 0.03) and social relationship QoL (P = 0.03), along with greater impairment in participation in activities (P = 0.021). SEM analysis revealed that untreated DS directly affected emotion-focused coping (β = 2.79, P = 0.01) and avoidant coping (β = 0.62, P = 0.05), negatively influenced problem-focused coping (β = −1.68, P = 0.001), social relationship QoL, and disability in participation. It also indirectly influenced psychological QoL, social relationship QoL, environmental QoL, and disability in mobility, cognition, and participation.Conclusion:Prolonged untreated DS has been associated with maladaptive coping strategies, impaired QoL, and increased disability. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for mitigating the adverse psychosocial consequences of DS.

Abstract Background Work within surgical specialties is both personally and professionally demanding. Burnout, a syndrome arising from sustained occupational stress, leads to profound physical and psychological exhaustion. Manifestations include emotional dysregulation, somatic complaints, and impaired mental health, with consequent adverse effects on professional performance, interpersonal relationships, and overall quality of life. While burnout has been extensively reported among senior orthopaedic surgeons, this study aimed to evaluate burnout prevalence and relationship stability across all members of a Welsh orthopaedic department. Methods A 63-item questionnaire was constructed incorporating the Maslach Burnout Inventory, General Health Questionnaire-12, and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale, in addition to demographic variables. The instrument was distributed at the Welsh Orthopaedic Society Annual Meeting 2023. Results Thirty participants completed the survey, comprising foundation doctors (23.3%), nurse practitioners (6.6%), associate specialists (10%), and consultants (6.6%). High levels of burnout were reported by 37% of respondents, with 80% demonstrating depersonalisation and 60% indicating reduced personal accomplishment. Psychological distress attributable to occupational factors was identified in 90% of respondents. Relationship instability, both professional and personal, was reported across all groups. Conclusions Burnout and relational difficulties are present at moderate to high levels across orthopaedic teams. Nurse practitioners reported comparatively lower burnout and relationship strain relative to SHOs and ST3–ST5 registrars. Targeted interventions, including adequate staffing, psychological support services, and collaborative work environment initiatives, are recommended to mitigate burnout and enhance workforce well-being, thereby improving departmental performance and satisfaction.

Background: dysthymia, also known as Persistent Depressive Disorder (as defined in DSM-5), is a chronic form of depression characterized by less severe but enduring symptoms compared to major depressive disorder., Dysthymia often presents covertly in children and adolescents, masked as personality traits, behavioral peculiarities, or somatic complaints, which complicates timely diagnosis and treatment. The aim of review was to synthesize current evidence on dysthymia in children and adolescents, including its epidemiological profile, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and contemporary treatment approaches. Material and Methods: a literature data search was conducted using databases such as Elibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, MedLine, and Google Scholar, employing keywords including “dysthymia”, “major depressive disorder”, “children and adolescents”, “persistent depressive disorder”, and “comorbidity”. Articles published in Russian and English from 1984 to 2025 were included. A total of 464 sources were screened, 232 selected, and 72 analyzed in detail. Discussion: epidemiological studies show that dysthymia (or persistent depressive disorder) has maintained stable prevalence rates across various age and demographic groups over the past decades. The etiopathogenesis of adolescent dysthymia is complex and multifactorial, involving both biological (including genetic, neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and immunological) and psychogenic factors. Recent research indicates that dysthymia is not merely a subtype of major depression but represents an independent form of affective pathology with a distinct pathogenetic profile. The atypical presentation of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents complicates differential diagnosis between major depression and dysthymia. In both major depression and dysthymia, the following affective disturbances have been identified: low mood, loss of interest in school and daily activities, expressions of aggression and selfaggression, suicidal thoughts, and low academic motivation. Dysthymia is often inadequately treated; many patients do not respond to therapy or continue to experience residual symptoms after treatment. Conclusion: the issue of dysthymia in childhood and adolescence is of particular importance from both clinical and social perspectives. The questions of nosology, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of chronic depressive disorders in this population remain the subject of ongoing debate. Despite its moderate affective symptomatology, dysthymia is characterized by a prolonged, debilitating course that impacts emotional development, cognitive functioning, school adaptation, and overall personality formation. An important direction for future research is the identification of different developmental pathways of dysthymia and the selection of treatment strategies tailored to specific etiopathogenetic subgroups.

Background: Depression in men often goes unrecognized, even though it leads to high rates of suicide. Men may show symptoms that are external, behavioral, or physical, which traditional assessment tools focused on internal symptoms do not adequately reflect. Methods: A narrative review was carried out to gather evidence on depression scales tailored for men. We searched PubMed up to November 2025 for studies discussing the development, validation, and clinical use of the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS), the Male Depression Risk Scale (MDRS-22 and MDRS-7), and the Gender-Sensitive Depression Screening scale (GSDS-26). We organized the findings by instrument. Results: The studies indicate that male-sensitive scales capture symptom domains such as emotional suppression, anger, risk-taking behaviors, substance misuse, and somatic complaints. The GMDS has demonstrated applicability across psychiatric, somatic, and paternal perinatal populations. The MDRS-22 and MDRS-7 were particularly sensitive to externalizing symptom patterns associated with male presentations of depression and behavioral profiles linked to elevated suicide risk. The GSDS-26 integrates both prototypical and externalizing symptoms, enabling the identification of diverse depressive profiles. However, the current evidence base remains limited due to a reliance on non-clinical samples and the scarcity of long-term and cross-cultural validation studies. Conclusions: Male-sensitive depression scales may serve as useful complementary screening tools that improve recognition of male-typical depressive presentations and behavioral patterns associated with increased suicide risk. Further clinical and longitudinal research is needed to confirm their diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility.

Depression is a complex condition shaped by dynamic interactions between genetic vulnerability, environmental exposures, and epigenetic mechanisms. This experience report describes a pilot educational intervention designed to train healthcare professionals in the epigenetics of Depression using a Training of Trainers (ToT) model combined with case-based learning (CBL). The epigenetics module was delivered as part of a broader training program in mental disorders, and the epigenetics component consisted of an interactive session integrating theoretical instruction, a structured clinical case, guided discussion questions, and learning objectives focused on gene–environment interactions, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), lifestyle factors, and pharmacogenetic considerations. A total of 47 healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines participated in the program. Qualitative outputs indicated that participants developed an expanded understanding of depression. Reports suggested increased sensitivity to non-specific clinical presentations, such as somatic complaints and functional impairment, and greater awareness of how life history and contextual factors may contribute to depressive vulnerability. This experience suggests that ToT and CBL-based educational strategies may support the dissemination of epigenetic knowledge among healthcare professionals and promote its application in practice. Future studies incorporating structured quantitative assessments are needed to evaluate educational outcomes and long-term impact.

Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at a higher risk for developing depression than their peers. One potential explanation for this increased risk is that adolescents with ADHD often have impaired social skills, which may interfere with successful social interactions and connections, and subsequently lead to low self-worth and depression. We hypothesized that global social skills and social skill factors most related to friendships (communication, cooperation, engagement, and empathy) would mediate the positive relation between ADHD symptom severity and depression. Additionally, we investigated whether global social skills would mediate the relations between ADHD symptom severity and four facets of depression (negative self-evaluation, anhedonia, dysphoric mood, and somatic complaints). Our sample included 335 adolescents with ADHD in grades 6–11 who participated in an intervention study. Parent-reported ADHD symptoms were measured at or before baseline, parent-reported social skills (global and several subscales) were measured one year later, and self-reported depression was measured 1.5 years after baseline. Global social skills mediated (1) the relation between ADHD and depression and (2) the relation between ADHD and negative self-evaluation. Cooperation, communication, empathy, and responsibility individually mediated the relation between ADHD and depression, and assertion, self-control, and engagement did not.

Background: Women in polygamous marriages are known to experience higher levels of psychological distress. However, less is known about how physicians perceive and interpret their complaints and how these perceptions shape the patient-physician relationship. Aim: This study aimed to examine physicians' perceptions of somatic complaints among Bedouin Arab women in polygamous versus monogamous marriages and to explore differences in the patient-physician relationship. Methods: This quantitative study included 126 participants-75 women in monogamous marriages and 51 in polygamous marriages-along with their treating physicians. Women completed self-report measures assessing psychological distress, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, and family functioning. Physicians provided information regarding clinic utilization patterns, symptom characteristics, and their interpretations of patients' complaints. Results: Women in polygamous marriages reported significantly higher psychological distress, greater somatization, poorer family functioning, and reduced marital satisfaction compared to women in monogamous marriages, consistent with previous research. Physicians reported more frequent unscheduled clinic visits among women in polygamous marriages and were more likely to interpret their complaints as having psychological rather than purely physical origins. These patterns reflected differences in clinical perceptions and patient-physician interactions between the groups. Conclusions: The findings highlight differences in how physicians perceive and respond to complaints presented by women in polygamous versus monogamous marriages. These results underscore the importance of culturally informed clinical approaches and increased awareness of potential biases in primary healthcare settings.

Cluttering is a fluency disorder marked by a rapid and irregular speech rate and articulation difficulties such as "slurred" speech and sound omissions. These speech disruptions reduce intelligibility and negatively impact communication. Treatment for individuals with cluttering typically focuses on improving their speech clarity and fluency. In contrast, while addressing speech disruptions, treatment for stuttering, a related fluency disorder, extends to include psychological and emotional aspects. This broader approach is based on research linking stuttering to mental health indicators such as depression, anxiety, and attention disorders, as well as to psychological flexibility. These emotional and psychological aspects and their associations remain underexplored in the context of cluttering. To examine mental well-being, emotional-cognitive processing, and attention abilities in individuals with cluttering and to explore the relationships between these measures. Thirty-one adults diagnosed with cluttering completed questionnaires designed to assess mental well-being (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatic complaints), emotional-cognitive processing (alexithymia, psychological flexibility), and attention skills. High rates of anxiety symptoms, somatic complaints, reduced emotional-cognitive processing (high alexithymia), and attention difficulties were found among the study participants. Typical levels of psychological flexibility were observed. Alexithymia was associated with lower well-being. Our results suggest that lower mental well-being levels and higher rates of alexithymia symptoms and attention difficulties characterize individuals with cluttering. Accordingly, we recommend including an assessment of these factors in cluttering diagnosis. In treating cluttering, similar to stuttering treatment, it is advisable to address emotional aspects, specifically by methods designed to enhance emotional-cognitive processing.

ABSTRACT The ongoing war in Ukraine has affected the mental and physical health of university students, elevating psychological support needs. This longitudinal study examined relationships between support needs, trauma-related symptoms, somatic complaints, and personal psychological resources among 439 Ukrainian students assessed one year apart. Participants completed validated measures of PTSD symptoms, physical complaints (GBB-24), resilience, general self-efficacy, and post-traumatic growth (PTG). Students with more severe PTSD symptoms and overall somatic complaints reported significantly higher psychological support needs. In multiple regression, resilience and self-efficacy did not add unique variance; moderation analyses indicated no buffering (interactions were small and in the opposite direction). PTG was not associated with support needs. A change-score model showed that within-person increases in PTSD symptoms and somatic complaints over one year predicted higher support needs at Time 2. Findings emphasize integrated, context-sensitive student mental-health strategies that address symptom burden alongside coping capacity; future research should incorporate multi-wave designs and broader psychosocial factors to clarify mechanisms under chronic threat.