Solvents For CO2 Capture Research Articles

Aerosol emissions and mitigation of aqueous AMP/PZ solvent for postcombustion CO2 capture

Aerosol emissions from the CO2-capture process have a significant impact on both solvent depletion and environmental contamination. This work comprehensively investigated the emissions of AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1propanol)/PZ (piperazine) from a bench-scale platform and a CO2-capture pilot plant. The concentration of nuclei in flue gas is a key factor affecting aerosol emissions, and a high nuclei concentration leads to more serious aerosol emission problems. The amine emissions after the absorber in the three different scenarios (no added nuclei, nuclei added, and pilot plant) were 273, 1051, and 1347 mg/Nm3, respectively. Increasing the lean-solvent temperature promoted aerosol emissions, and increasing the liquid/gas ratio and CO2 loading in the lean solvent suppressed aerosol emissions. In the pilot plant, the effects of four mitigation measures were evaluated, and it was found that dry bed and acid washing had better mitigation effects than did conventional water washing; amine emissions could be reduced to as low as 21 mg/Nm3 PZ and 25 mg/Nm3 AMP. This study provides a reference for the design and optimization of carbon-dioxide-capture systems, which can help to reduce the impact on the environment.

Novel DETA-Isobutanol biphasic solvent for post-combustion CO2 capture: High cyclic capacity and low energy consumption

In recent years, research into biphasic solvents has become an important direction more efficient control of CO2 emissions. However, most biphasic absorbents still face challenges such as low cyclic capacity and high viscosity of the rich phase. To develop a novel solvent with enhanced cyclic capacity and reduced regeneration energy consumption, a biphasic solvent consisting of DETA/Isobutanol/H2O was proposed. The results demonstrate excellent absorption and desorption performance of the DETA/Isobutanol/H2O biphasic solvent, with an absorption capacity ranging from 1.13 to 1.35 mol/mol and a cyclic capacity ranging from 0.61 to 0.84 mol/mol. After conducting 5 times absorption-desorption experiments, the cyclic capacity of DETA/Isobutanol/H2O biphasic solvent remained at 0.8 mol/mol. The estimated energy consumption for regeneration, under lean phase load, was calculated to be 2.42 GJ/t CO2, which was 42.24 % lower than that of 30wt% MEA aqueous solution (4.19 GJ/t CO2). The DETA/Isobutanol/H2O solution exhibits promising potential in terms of absorption-desorption performance and regenerative energy consumption, making it an exceptional CO2 absorbent.

Oxidative degradation of glycine in aqueous KOH/K2CO3 solutions for CO2 capture

AbstractPotassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate, being cost‐effective and environmentally friendly CO2 capture solvents, are promising candidates for carbon capture applications. Their slow absorption kinetics, however, necessitate strategies to enhance their rates, thereby reducing the capital costs of absorption equipment and saving energy for regenerating large volumes of solvent. Glycine, a potential additive, is explored for this purpose. While glycine‐based solvents are more stable than MEA, their amino functional group renders them susceptible to oxidative degradation. This study investigates the degradation of these solvents and the influence of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate on their stability. The experiment was performed under 100% O2 at 90 °C and 3 bar for about 3 weeks. It was observed that glycinate degraded by 53% for the glycinate‐only solution. The results also show that the addition of potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate to a glycinate‐only solution had a mixed effect on the degradation of glycinate. Potassium hydroxide increased degradation by 5% compared to the glycinate‐only solution, while potassium carbonate decreased degradation by 4%. This order is supported by the degradation rate constants. Meanwhile, under N2, no significant change was observed in glycine concentration. Glycine's susceptibility to oxidative degradation is likely attributed to its less compact and rigid structure, resulting in weaker bonding and increased vulnerability to external factors. This instability leads to the formation of formate, carbonate, acetate, and oxalate as the primary degradation products across all studied solutions. A proposed mechanism for glycinate oxidative degradation sheds light on this process. These findings are crucial for informed decision making regarding performance trade‐offs in point source carbon capture and direct air capture, where oxygen is a prevalent gas component and potassium‐based solutions are commonly employed as absorbents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Performance of a novel waste heat-powered ionic liquid-based CO2 capture and liquefaction system for large-scale shipping

In this work, we proposed a novel CO2 capture and liquefaction system for large-scale shipping using ionic liquid as capture solvent. By utilizing the waste heat of the exhaust gas and jacket cooling water from the ship’s engine as well as the residual pressure energy of the N2-O2 mixture from the CO2 absorption and desorption process, the system’s net energy consumption has been significantly reduced. We established the thermodynamic model of the system and investigated the effect of 10 primary system operational parameters on system performance with 3 different ionic liquids as CO2 capture solvent. The results demonstrated that the system with [DEME][TF2N] as the CO2 capture solvent had the best system performance. In addition, we performed a multi-parameter optimization of the system using simulated annealing algorithm with net energy consumption as the optimization objective and the minimal net energy consumption is 0.467 GJ/tCO2. Compared to the CO2 capture system that do not utilize waste heat and residual pressure energy, the net energy consumption was reduced by 57.29 % under optimal operational conditions which proves that the novel system significantly reduces the energy consumption of the CO2 capture and liquefaction process.

Amine-based deep eutectic solvents for CO2 capture: Experiments and molecular thermodynamics

Amine-based deep eutectic solvents for CO2 capture: Experiments and molecular thermodynamics

Thermodynamic Modeling of an Aqueous N,N-Dimethyldipropylenetriamine and Benzylamine Blend for Efficient CO2 Capture.

This study evaluates the carbon dioxide (CO2) capture capabilities of a novel aqueous blend of N,N-dimethyldipropylenetriamine (DMDPTA) and benzylamine (BA). The solvent properties such density, vapor- liquid equilibrium (VLE) of CO2 in the solvent, CO2 absorption enthalpy are evaluated experimentally for solvent composition of (5 mass% DMDPTA + 25 mass% BA), (10 mass% DMDPTA + 20 mass% BA), and (15 mass% DMDPTA + 15 mass% BA). Solvent density were measured in the temperature range of 303.15K-333.15K and correlated using Redlich-Kister excess molar volume model, with a low average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 0.014. VLE data was measured using a custom-made stirred VLE cell, within CO2 partial pressure range of 2-200 kPa and at temperatures 313.15K, 323.15K and 333.15K. Equilibrium CO2 solubility data were correlated using a modified Kent-Eisenberg model, achieving an AARD of 1.5%. Enthalpy of CO2 absorption was measured at 313.15 K using a Meter Toledo reaction calorimeter. Results indicated that under similar process conditions and solvent composition, (DMDPTA+BA) blends exhibited significantly higher CO2 loading and low absorption enthalpy compared to aqueous BA and monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent alone indicating the potential of (DMDPTA+BA) blend as efficient CO2 capture solvent.

Role of Intermolecular Interactions in Deep Eutectic Solvents for CO2 Capture: Vibrational Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies.

Recent research and reviews on CO2 capture methods, along with advancements in industry, have highlighted high costs and energy-intensive nature as the primary limitations of conventional direct air capture and storage (DACS) methods. In response to these challenges, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising absorbents due to their scalability, selectivity, and lower environmental impact compared to other absorbents. However, the molecular origins of their enhanced thermal stability and selectivity for DAC applications have not been explored before. Therefore, the current study focuses on a comprehensive investigation into the molecular interactions within an alkaline DES composed of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and ethylene glycol (EG). Combining Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and quantum chemical calculations, the study reports structural changes and intermolecular interactions induced in EG upon addition of KOH and its implications on CO2 capture. Experimental and computational spectroscopic studies confirm the presence of noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds) within both EG and the KOH-EG system and point to the aggregation of ions at higher KOH concentrations. Additionally, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) surface analysis, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM) analysis, and reduced density gradient-noncovalent interaction (RDG-NCI) plot analysis elucidate changes in polarizability, charge distribution, hydrogen bond types, noncovalent interactions, and interaction strengths, respectively. Evaluation of explicit and hybrid models assesses their effectiveness in representing intermolecular interactions. This research enhances our understanding of molecular interactions in the KOH-EG system, which are essential for both the absorption and desorption of CO2. The study also aids in predicting and selecting DES components, optimizing their ratios with salts, and fine-tuning the properties of similar solvents and salts for enhanced CO2 capture efficiency.

Piperazine-Based Mixed Solvents for CO2 Capture in Bubble-Column Scrubbers and Regeneration Heat

This work used piperazine (PZ) as a base solvent, blended individually with five amines, which were monoethanolamine (MEA), secondary amines (DIPAs), tertiary amines (TEAs), stereo amines (AMPs), and diethylenetriamine (DETA), to prepare mixed solvents at the desired concentrations as the test solvents. A continuous bubble-column scrubber with one stage (1 s) was first used for the test. Six parameters were selected, including the type of mixed solvent (A), the ratio of mixed solvents (B), the solvent feed rate (C), the gas flow rate (D), the concentration of the mixed solvents (E), and the liquid temperature (F), each one having five levels. Using the Taguchi experimental design, only 25 runs were required. The outcome data, such as the absorption efficiency (EF), the absorption rate (RA), the overall mass-transfer coefficient (KGa), and the absorption factor (φ), could be determined under steady-state conditions. The optimal mixed solvents were found to be A1 (PZ + MEA) and A2 (PZ + DIPA). The parameter importance and optimal conditions for EF, RA, KGa, and ϕ were determined separately; the verification of all optimal conditions was successful. This analysis found that the importance of the parameters was D > C > A > E > B > F, and the gas flow rate (D) was the most important factor. Subsequently, multiple-stage scrubbers were used to capture CO2. Comparing 1 s and 3 s (three-stage scrubber), EF, RA, KGa, and φ increased by 33%, 29%, 22%, and 38%, respectively. The desorption tests for the four optimal scrubbed solutions, including multiple stages, showed that the heat of regeneration for the three scrubbers was 3.57–8.93 GJ/t, in the temperature range of 110–130 °C, while A2 was the best solvent. Finally, the heat regeneration mechanism was also discussed in this work.

CO2 solubility and physicochemical properties of 2-amino 2-methyl-1-propanol based solvents for post-combustion CO2 capture. Predictive modeling using machine learning

Global warming, caused by Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from hard-to-abate industries, necessitates CO2 capture as one of the promising alternatives. Post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) can be retrofitted for industries where chemical absorption using an amine-based solvent is an efficient method for CO2 capture. An essential factor for CO2 absorption in an amine mixture is the study of CO2 solubility and CO2 + Amine physicochemical properties to identify the more efficient solvents. Often experimental data are available in the literature, but precisemodeling is necessary to use such data for further utilization in a process-plant model. In this work, a blended solvent aqueous 2-amine-2methyl-1-Propanal (AMP) with Piperazine (PZ) and 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AEP) have been identified as a potential candidate for PCC application. The fundamental properties such as the density, viscosity and CO2 solubility in AMP + PZ and AMP + AEP blended solutions have been predicted by employing machine learning to get an exceptionally efficient model. This data-mining technique efficiently calculates solubility, density, and viscosity by using 691, 559, and 559 experimental data sets respectively, from the literature of AMP + PZ. Similarly, 120 data sets of solubility have been collected from the literature for AMP + AEP. Random Forest regression, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and XGBoost regression algorithms are adapted to predict CO2 solubility in aqueous AMP blended solution. The effectiveness of these models has been confirmed through statistical analysis, leading to the conclusion that XGBoost outperforms the other two approaches. Moreover, an identical approach has been employed to develop a predictive model for the density and viscosity of AMP + PZ solvent. The outcomes imply that the machine learning algorithm performs better with experimental data and may be utilised as an effective simulation tool.

Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental verification of a biphasic solvent for CO2 capture

In the context of solvent-based carbon capture, researchers and industries are often interested in improvements in the efficiency of CO2 capture along with the reduction in the required energy. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based on a reax force field and experimental investigation to study the effects and main mechanisms of a mutual amine absorbent including diethylenetriamine (DETA) and diethylethanolamine (DEEA), accompanied by NMP and water co-solvents, on the performance of CO2 capture in a phase change system. The implementation of time-dependent partial radial distribution functions (TD-PRDF, gαβrtm) and coordination number (CN) analyses revealed the significant formation of C-N bonds between carbon (C) derived from CO2 and nitrogen (N) within the solution. The direct relationship between changes in DETA molar ratios and CO2 loading, coupled with examining the catalytic role of DEEA in facilitating CO2 removal through protonation, has been thoroughly studied with MD. The experimental methodology was followed to validate the MD results. The optimum composition, DETA: DEEA: NMP with a molar ratio of 3:2.5:1, as determined through MD simulations exhibitsgαβr|tm = 9.848, CN=0.403 at tm= 1 ns. The stable C-N absorption bond length is calculated to be between 1.7 and 1.77 Å. Experimental results confirm a CO2 loading capacity of 0.93 mol/mol for this composition.

An environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent for CO2 capture

A leading cause of global warming is the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to anthropogenic activities which prompts an urgent need for substantial reduction. Recently, CO2 absorption in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has attracted scientific attention, because of their adaptability compared to traditional ionic liquids and aqueous amine solutions. This study employs the heating method to synthesize DESs using tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) and formic acid (Fa) with molar ratios of TPAB-Fa (1:1) and TPAB-Fa (1:2). Absorption experiments by static method quantified CO2 solubility in the DESs under varied pressures and temperatures. TPAB-Fa (1:2) at 25.0 °C was the most efficient with the CO2 solubility of 0.218. Thermodynamic modeling was performed by employing the nonrandom two liquids activity coefficient model and the Peng–Robinson equation of state for the liquid and gas phases, respectively. The Henry’s law constant was determined from experimental data. CO2 physical absorption was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. TPAB-Fa (1:2), as the superior DES, exhibited regeneration efficiency of 99% after five absorption/desorption cycles.

Novel amine emissions control methods for CO2 capture based on reducing amine concentration in the scrubbing liquid

Piperazine (PZ) activated 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a high-performance solvent for CO2 capture that has undergone long-term pilot test. This study explores its vapor amine emissions characteristics on Aspen Plus. It was found that the steady-state amine concentration in the water wash (WW) is a crucial factor affecting emissions, determined by the amine-to-water ratio obtained from flue gas and feed water. Under optimized conditions, vapor amine emissions were reduced from 1768 mg/Nm3 after the absorber to 1.46 mg/Nm3 after two WW sections. Two novel amine control methods were proposed based on the approach of lowering the amine concentration in the scrubbing liquid. Staged condensation of the stripper gas provides super low amine (0.06 wt%) feed water to the WW, further reducing vapor amine emissions by an order of magnitude. The Cooling Dry Bed (CDB) can achieve amine emission control effects comparable to two WW sections with only 20 % of the theoretically calculated interfacial area. This process has a lower total packing height and does not require liquid collection trays, significantly reducing the construction height and load of the column.

Carbon dioxide capture by aqueous glucosamine solutions: Pilot plant measurements and a theoretical study

AbstractA comprehensive investigation of the potential of aqueous glucosamine solutions as an eco‐friendly solvent for CO2 capture was performed. It includes an experimental study in a pilot plant setup and a theoretical analysis with a rate‐based model. The model was validated against the measured column profiles of temperature and CO2 concentration in both liquid and gas phases. Model‐based parameter sensitivity studies revealed inherent challenges for an effective absorption process. A slow reaction rate and suboptimal chemical equilibrium conditions were identified as key limitations, restricting the absorption efficiency and CO2 loading capacity of the glucosamine solution. Furthermore, an analysis of the dissociation constant of this novel absorbent was performed and its significance with respect to the (limited) performance, capability, and efficiency evaluation was highlighted.

Superhydrophobic ceramic membrane coupled with a biphasic solvent for efficient CO2 capture

An innovative strategy was proposed by integration of membrane contactor (MC) with biphasic solvent for efficient CO2 capture from flue gas. The accessible fly ash-based ceramic membrane (CM) underwent hydrophobic modification through silane grafting, followed by fluoroalkylsilane decoration, to prepare the superhydrophobic membrane (CSCM). The CSCM significantly improved resistance to wetting by the biphasic solvent, consisting of amine (DETA) and sulfolane (TMS). Morphological characterizations and chemical analysis revealed the notable enhancements in pore structure and hydrophobic chemical groups for the modified membrane. Predictions of wetting/bubbling behavior based on static wetting theory referred the liquid entry pressure (LEP) of CSCM increased by 20 kPa compared to pristine CM. Compared with traditional amine solvents, the biphasic solvent presented the expected phase separation. Performance experiments demonstrated that the CO2 capture efficiency of the biphasic solvent increased by 7%, and the electrical energy required for desorption decreased by 32%. The 60-h continuous testing and supplemental characterization of used membrane confirmed the excellent adaptability and durability of the CSCMs. This study provides a potential approach for accessing hydrophobic ceramic membranes and biphasic solvents for industrial CO2 capture.

Low-temperature desorption in thermomorphic solvents for CO2 capture: Systems with N-methylcyclohexylamine and N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine

The significant energy consumption associated with the carbon capture process has long posed a substantial obstacle to the extensive industrial utilization of amine solutions. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate a low-energy-consumption carbon capture solvent. This study meticulously examined thermomorphic absorbents composed of N-methylcyclohexylamine(MCA) and N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamine(DMCA), delving into its absorption and desorption performances. Initially, focusing on absorption efficiency, we tested six varying concentration ratios of absorbents for CO2 absorption, scrutinizing their absorption rate and capacity. The analysis revealed that the rapid saturation of the absorbent stemmed from its limited absorption capacity. Notably, the MCA:DMCA=1 M:1 M ratio exhibited outstanding absorption capability, at 0.7015 mol CO2/mol amine, surpassing the absorption capacity of 30 wt% Monoethanolamine by a factor of 1.525. Subsequent desorption trials on MCA:DMCA=1 M:1 M at temperatures of 333 K, 348 K, and 363 K indicated successful desorption at 333 K, achieving an efficiency of 82.77 %, which rose with increasing temperature. Lastly, the estimated energy consumption for the latent heat and evaporation heat of this absorbent was approximately 0.342GJ/t CO2, marking a ∼61.1 % decrease compared to liquid-liquid phase change absorbents. These findings underscore the industrial promise of thermomorphic absorbents as a viable option for carbon capture applications.

Techno-economic analysis of AMP/PZ solvent for CO2 capture in a biomass CHP plant: towards net negative emissions

Compared to conventional monoethanolamine (MEA), alternative solvents are expected to substantially contribute to reduce the energy demand of post-combustion CO2 capture from flue gases. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of a 27 wt% 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) + 13 wt% piperazine (PZ) aqueous solution for CO2 capture, compared to a 30 wt% MEA solution. The study addresses the retrofit of a carbon capture unit to a biomass-fired combined heat and power (CHP) plant, effectively making it a bioenergy with a carbon capture and storage (BECCS) system. The treated flue gas has a flow rate of 23 tons/hour (t/h) with 11.54 vol% CO2 and a 90% capture rate is aimed for. Aspen Plus V14 was employed for process simulations. Initially, binary interaction parameters for AMP/PZ, AMP/H2O, and PZ/H2O are regressed using vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data, which were retrieved from literature along with reaction kinetics. Validation of parameters from available experimental literature yields an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of only 5.9%. Afterwards, a process simulation model is developed and validated against experimental data from a reference pilot plant, using a similar AMP/PZ blend, resulting in 5% AARD. Next, a sensitivity analysis optimizes operating conditions, including solvent rate, absorber/stripper packing heights, and stripper pressure, based on regeneration energy impact. Optimized results, compared to MEA, reveal that AMP/PZ reduces the energy consumption from 3.61 to 2.86 GJ/tCO2. The retrofitting of the capture unit onto the selected CHP plant is examined through the development of a dedicated model. Two control strategies are compared to address energy unavailability for supplying the capture unit. The analysis spans 4 months, selected to account for seasonal variations. At nominal capacity, CO2 emissions, rendered negative by biomass combustion and CO2 capture, reach a maximum of −3.4 tCO2/h compared to 0.36 tCO2/h before retrofitting. Depending on the control strategy and CHP plant operating point, the Specific Primary Energy Consumption for CO2 Avoided (SPECCA) ranges from 4.91 MJ/kgCO2 to 1.76 MJ/kgCO2. Finally, an economic comparison based on systematic methodology reveals a 7.87% reduction in capture cost favoring the AMP/PZ blend. Together, these findings highlight AMP/PZ as a highly favorable alternative solvent.

A new phase-change solvent composed of diethylenetriamine, n-butanol and water for CO2 capture

In this work, a new phase-change solvent composed of diethylenetriamine (DETA)/n-butanol/water is reported for CO2 capture. Screening of the absorption solvents, and the performance of absorption, desorption, and cyclic capacity are comprehensively investigated. The experimental results show that 30 wt% DETA/water systems exhibit excellent absorption performance. Accordingly, 30 wt% DETA/n-butanol/H2O system is used as a phase-change solvent for CO2 capture. The DETA/n-butanol/H2O mixture with mass ratio 3:4:3 shows better absorption performance compared to others of 3:1:6, 3:2:5, 3:3:4, 3:4:3, 3:5:2, and 3:6:1, and the equilibrium CO2 loading reaches up to 3.70 mol·kg−1 at 60 min, 313.15 K and 101 kPa. The 3:4:3 DETA/n-butanol/H2O system displays low heat duty with a relative heat duty of 61.4 %, and outstanding cyclic capacity (CC). CC increases by 47.6 % compared to the widely used 30 wt% aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. Finally, 13C NMR is used to determine the species before and after CO2 absorption. The mechanism of the phase transition is analyzed according to the species polarity which is estimated using Gaussian 09 W program.

Graph neural networks for CO[formula omitted] solubility predictions in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are a promising class of solvents for CO2 capture. DESs are complex mixtures that can be designed to optimize CO2 solubility and overall capture process efficiency. However, the vast design landscape of DES mixtures makes experimental investigation prohibitive; as such, there is a need for computational models that can quickly and efficiently navigate the design space and inform data collection efforts. In this work, we propose Graph Neural Network (GNN) models for predicting CO2 solubility for DESs; the GNN leverages a mixture graph representation that captures the molecular structure of the DES components as well as their intermolecular interactions. We compare the GNN framework against alternative architectures (neural networks, graph convolution networks, and random forests) and data representations (molecular fingerprints, sigma profiles, and graphs). We show that the proposed approach offers superior predictive performance; specifically, we show that solubility can be predicted reliably directly from molecular structure (without the need of using sigma profiles as proposed in previous studies). This result is important, as obtaining sigma profiles requires expensive density functional theory computations. We also explored the ability of GNNs to predict solubility for new DES mixtures and operating conditions. We found that the model extrapolates across temperature reliably. However, we also found deficiencies in the ability of the model to predict solubility for DES mixtures, pressures, and molar ratio not included in the training sets; we show that this is due to an inherent lack of chemical diversity in datasets available in the literature. The proposed computational capabilities can thus help navigate the design space of DES and inform data collection efforts. Our models, data, and benchmarks are shared as Python code implemented in Jupyter notebooks.

Carbon Dioxide Capturing in Temperature/Pressure Swing‐Commercial Processes Using Ionic Liquids

AbstractCapturing carbon dioxide is vital for mitigating global warming and supporting chemical processes. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as promising solvents for CO2 capture. Using ASPEN simulation software, this study explores three specific ILs: [emim][triflate], [bmim][MeSO3], and [bmim][NTf2]. Their selection is based on exploitable differences in energy. The study models CO2 solubility and validates it against published data. It also considers the decomposition of ILs using a more accurate vapor loss model. Simulated equations predict CO2 and IL behavior more accurately than published ASPEN studies, optimizing the process for minimal energy consumption. Commercial considerations and rigorous engineering calculations guide the analysis, encompassing energy and economic factors.

Process optimization and mechanism study of ionic liquid-based mixed amine biphasic solvents for CO2 capture in biogas upgrading procedure

Process optimization and mechanism study of ionic liquid-based mixed amine biphasic solvents for CO2 capture in biogas upgrading procedure