Exposure to lung irritants such as smoking and organic solvents has been associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly among genetically susceptible individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between occupational exposure to industrial dust and MS and to assess potential interactions with smoking and HLA-DRB1*15:01. We conducted a Swedish population-based case-control study. Patients with incident MS age 16-70 years were consecutively identified by neurologists at 40 clinics (2005-2015). Eligibility criteria for participants were age 16-70 years, residence in Sweden, and a neurologist-confirmed diagnosis of MS according to the McDonald criteria. Controls without MS were randomly sampled from the national population register using density sampling and frequency-matched to cases on age, sex, and residential area. Occupational dust exposure was assessed using questionnaire data. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Additive interactions between dust exposure and smoking and between dust exposure and HLA-DRB1*15:01 were assessed by calculating the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction. An AP >0 is considered evidence of interaction. The analytic sample included 2,070 participants and 2,899 controls. The mean age at index was 34.4 years for participants and 35.4 years for controls. Women comprised 72.5% of participants and 75.1% of controls. Industrial dust exposure was associated with increased rate of MS (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.63), with a dose-response relationship with duration (OR per 1-year exposure 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06). Evidence of additive interactions was observed between dust exposure and smoking (AP 0.32, 95% CI 0.03-0.62) and between dust exposure and HLA-DRB1*15:01 (AP 0.25, 95% CI 0.002-0.52). Participants who smoked, were exposed to dust, and carried the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele had an 11-fold increased rate of MS (OR 11.1, 95% CI 5.7-21.9), compared with those without any of these risk factors. Occupational dust exposure was associated with increased rate of MS, particularly in combination with smoking and HLA-DRB1*15:01, suggesting joint effects of occupational, environmental, and genetic risk factors. The reliance on self-reported occupational histories and potential residual confounding are important limitations. Further studies are warranted to clarify underlying mechanisms and to inform preventive strategies.

An efficient dual-channel fluorescence probe for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and viscosity.

Structure-property evaluation of poly(ethylene glycol) surfactants and nanostructured fluids.

Gold nanoparticles decorated with fluorinated poly(ethylene oxide): structural and functional insights.

Microporous polyurethane-polyester TFC membranes enabled by contorted spirocyclic monomers for high precision organic solvent nanofiltration

Development of a new antibody with high organic solvent tolerance for the detection of AFB1 in plant oils and monitoring UV decontamination processes

Comprehensive screening strategy for potentially hazardous plant secondary metabolites in honey using natural deep eutectic solvent extraction combined with LC-MS/MS.

COSMO-RS guided screening of deep eutectic solvents and ultrasound-assisted extraction for resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum.

Solubility, solvent effects, correlation, and thermodynamic properties of glutaric anhydride in ten individual organic solvents from 278.15 to 313.15 K

Organic solvent composite nanofiltration membrane based on poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) substrate

This study was conducted to quantitatively evaluate the performance and characteristic behavior of leakage detection sensors under controlled laboratory conditions, motivated by potential organic solvent leakage incidents in renewable energy and secondary battery applications. Three types of sensors—film-type, separate point-type, and integrated point-type—were tested using target substances including organic carbonate electrolytes such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), as well as sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The evaluation focused on changes in capacitance and the reusability of each sensor. Unlike previous capacitance-based solvent detection studies that relied on laboratory-prepared samples or novel sensing materials, this work provides a systematic comparison of commercially available sensor architectures under realistic industrial carbonate-solvent leakage scenarios.The integrated point-type sensor demonstrated reliable capacitance-based detection and formed a consistent capacitance range for each type of organic solvent. Specifically, DMC and EMC showed stable values around 83.0 pF and 80.5 pF, respectively, which reflects differences in their dielectric-related behavior and indicates potential applicability for qualitative material identification. Moreover, this sensor maintained performance within ±5% deviation after drying, thereby verifying excellent reusability.In contrast, the film-type sensor could only detect changes in resistance and was not reusable. The separate point-type sensor did not provide quantitative measurements but proved feasible for repeated leakage alerts through buzzer alarms. However, the capacitance response rapidly saturated after initial wetting (k → 0), indicating that the method is inherently suitable for qualitative identification rather than quantitative leakage estimation.These results indicate that the integrated point-type sensor is a promising option for qualitative detection of organic solvent leakage. By comparing the capacitance response ranges, repeatability, precision, and stability of each sensor type, this study provides foundational data for developing future alarm systems based on qualitative material identification and supporting the future development and validation of sensor-based leakage monitoring technologies.

A review of polysaccharide-based antifreeze hydrogel for wound dressings: strategy, properties and biological application.

Preparation of a cucurbit[6]uril-containing monolithic material for specific recognition and enrichment of multi-phosphopeptides.

Investigation of enantioselective differences of chiral deep eutectic solvents based on natural organic acids with different configurations in capillary electrophoresis.

Various strategies have been developed to reduce pesticide usage while enhancing efficacy. However, the current formulation systems face several challenges such as complex system compositions, low encapsulation efficiency, unavoidable use of organic solvents, poor wettability and retention, and particularly the difficulty in addressing these issues simultaneously, which limits their practical applications. An imine-based dynamic covalent phospholipid was synthesized to construct pH-responsive avermectin (PC@AVM) liposomes to achieve nanodispersion, complete wettability, efficient deposition, and precise on-demand delivery. Under neutral or alkaline conditions, AVM is released slowly from the liposomes, whereas rapid release occurs under acidic conditions. And the formed liposomes exhibit excellent storage stability and photostability. The residual rate of PC@AVM liposomes is about 30% higher than that of unencapsulated AVM after 75 h of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, because the hydrophobic AVM can be embedded in the hydrophobic regions of phospholipid bilayers to prevent photodegradation. The PC@AVM liposomes exhibit strong adhesion to leaf surfaces, resulting in exceptional rainfastness with a retention rate of nearly 90% after washing. Meanwhile, the vesicle-like liposome can strongly interact with surface microstructures/nanostructures during the high-speed impact process, thereby also suppressing splashing and ensuring complete deposition of droplets on hydrophobic surfaces. Moreover, PC@AVM liposomes show long-term insecticidal activity and exhibit excellent biosafety for environmental organisms. This work provides an innovative carrier and constructs multifunctional, on-demand release pesticide liposomes, thereby potentially reducing pesticide use and promoting the development of sustainable agriculture. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Lipids produced by different organisms are preserved as fossils in sediments and soils. These so-called lipid biomarkers and related organic proxies represent valuable tools to reconstruct past changes in ecosystems. For example, C37 alkenones produced by microalgae (Isochrysidales) represent biomarkers specific for these organisms. Furthermore, an index based on C37 alkenones can be used as proxy to estimate past changes in surface water temperature. However, before analysis by gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, biomarkers extracted from the sediment are treated by solid phase extraction (SPE), a process which is time-consuming and requires the use of organic solvents which can be harmful to health and environment. Here, we compared a routinely applied manual SPE (mSPE) analytical method with an automated SPE (aSPE) method using a PrepLinc platform automated sample preparation system (J2 Scientific). The analysis of marine sediments from the North Sea and the Southeast Pacific conducted with both mSPE and aSPE resulted in mainly statistically similar results, although care has to be taken when compound co-elution occurs. aSPE resulted in a higher recovery rate, but consumed more solvents, mainly for rinsing. The use of the PrepLinc platform for automated SPE, which can process up to 27 samples in a single run, allows saving not only time, but also fume hood space as the PrepLinc platform has a completely closed circuit. The PrepLinc platform represents, thus, a valuable instrument to perform automated SPE for the analysis of environmental lipid biomarkers with a high repeatability.

This study introduces an environmentally benign liposome-based extraction system that selectively separates and recovers lanthanides (Ln) without requiring an organic solvent. Recovery of Ln, particularly from high-level radioactive liquid waste streams, is critical for resource utilization and reducing long-term radiotoxicity. The proposed system incorporates highly Ln-selective diglycolamic acid (DGAA) ligands into phospholipid liposomes. Fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that europium (Eu) adsorption, mediated by the hydrophilic head group of the incorporated DGAA ligands, reached equilibrium almost immediately upon mixing. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry revealed that the adsorption efficiency increased with increasing concentration of incorporated DGAA. Approximately three DGAA ligands are required to adsorb one Eu(III) ion. The selectivity for heavy Ln was comparable to that of conventional DGAA-based solvent-extraction systems and was found to be independent of DGAA alkyl chain length. In contrast, the incorporation stability depended on alkyl chain length; for example, liposomes containing N,N-didodecyldiglycolamic acid retained the ligand without significant precipitation or fluorescence decrease for 7 days at concentrations up to 237 µM/g-egg lecithin. These findings establish liposome-based extraction as a flexible platform in which the ligand head group governs the adsorption characteristics while the alkyl chain length dictates the incorporation stability, providing a quantitative foundation for future solvent-free separation technologies.

Biocatalysis offers a sustainable alternative for chemical synthesis, but some enzymes, like lipases, still require conventional organic solvents, which are often flammable, toxic, and unsuitable for food or pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we present a systematic approach consisting of solvent selection, design of experiments optimization, and mass transfer analysis. As a case study, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a pharmacologically active compound derived from propolis, can be synthesized enzymatically. In this study, the Novozym 435-catalyzed esterification of caffeic acid and phenethyl alcohol was optimized using p-cymene, a bio-based solvent. To increase productivity, a system combining p-cymene as a solvent and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cosolvent was chosen. The optimal synthesis conditions were found to be 27 mM caffeic acid, 1460.5 mM phenethyl alcohol, and 73°C, achieving a 75.57% CAPE yield. Both external and internal mass transfer effects on the reaction rate were assessed. This study demonstrates the potential of using biocatalysts and green solvents for the sustainable synthesis of CAPE.

Toward sustainable bioanalysis: HPLC analysis of Molnupiravir in rat plasma using salting and sugaring-out assisted sample cleanup methods.

We prepared two electron donor-acceptor dyads based on naphthalimide (NI) as the electron acceptor and 10H-phenoxazine (PXZ) or 10H-phenoselenazine (PSeZ) as the electron donor. Both NI-PXZ and NI-PSeZ exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The purpose of this study is to unravel the effects of heavy atoms on the TADF properties, which are believed to enhance the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC); thus, more dark 3CS and 3LE states are transformed into the emissive 1CS state, so that the TADF properties are enhanced by the presence of heavy atoms such as Se in the molecular structure. Steady state UV-vis absorption and fluorescence studies show negligible interaction between the donor and acceptor at the ground state (S0), yet charge transfer (CT) emission was observed, indicating interaction between the radical anion and the radical cation of the CS state. We didn't observe shortened delayed fluorescence lifetime for NI-PSeZ (τPF = 14.9 ns, τDF = 91.1 µs) as compared to the analogues of NI-PXZ (τPF = 24.3 ns, τDF = 57.8 µs) and the previously reported NI-PTZ (τPF = 11.9 ns, τDF = 82.1 µs); therefore the heavy atom effect for the rISC is not significant. Moreover, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy only captures the 1CS state as the final species and the charge separation and recombination become faster in polar solvetns. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra show the presence of a low-lying 3NI state in non-polar solvents (τT = 41.3 µs), an admixture of the 3NI state and the 3CS state (τT = 23.5 µs) in solvents with intermediate polarity, and only the 3CS state (τT = 0.8 µs) in polar solvents. These observations support the spin-orbit charge transfer ISC (SOCT-ISC) mechanism. The results further show that the rISC is not enhanced by the heavy atom effect, for NI-PSeZ, the krISC = 7.0 × 104 s-1, in comparison, krISC = 1.3 × 105 s-1 for NI-PXZ, and krISC = 1.4 × 107 s-1 for NI-PTZ. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectral studies show that the localized triplet state (3NI) is the last triplet state for the dyads in a frozen solution at 80 K, and based on the selective population of the three sublevels of the T1 state, SOCT-ISC may contribute to the formation of the triplet states.