Organic Acid Solutions Research Articles

Acidic corrosion-abrasion resistance of concrete containing fly ash and silica fume for use as concrete floors in pig farm

The objective of this study is to investigate the resistance of concretes to organic acid corrosion and abrasive corrosion, which occurs in typical pig farms. For the concrete mixtures, cement was replaced by fly ash and silica fume with different weight percentages up to 30%. The cubic mortar and concrete specimens were prepared and tested for compressive strength and mass loss due to organic acid corrosion. The test results indicated that fly ash and silica fume mixed together significantly enhance the compressive strength of the concrete, especially at long-term curing periods. The resistance of the concrete and mortar against organic acid corrosion was greatly improved by the substitution of fly ash and silica fume. Moreover, two testing machines were developed to simulate the abrasion-corrosion attack on concrete floors in pig farms (one for organic acid corrosion tests in wet-dried conditions and the other one for an abrasion testing machine with steel brushes). The concrete slab was cast and tested with a wet-dry switching system in an organic acid solution cooperating with an abrasion test. The test results demonstrated that applying a large amount of fly ash and silica fume is not effective for increasing the resistance of the concrete against organic acid corrosion and abrasive corrosion. The concrete mixture with 5 wt% of silica fume shows the highest resistance to organic acid corrosion together with abrasive corrosion with a mass loss reduction for 7.14% compared to the reference mixture.

Effects of Citric Acid and Potassium Metabisulphite Pre-Treatment on the Physical and Biochemical Properties of Dehydrated Amritsagar Banana Powder

There are ongoing efforts and studies to mitigate post-harvest losses of the banana through post-harvest employment and processing. Organic acids play some crucial roles in reducing enzymatic browning, biochemical and microbial activity in the dehydration process. This study was conducted to investigate Amritsagar banana powder prepared from ripe bananas and prove the hypothesis that pre-treatment of banana powder improves the storage condition based on the retention ability in physicochemical properties. Bananas were pre-treated with organic acid solutions (0.5 % citric acid (CA), 0.1 % potassium metabisulfite and a blend of both respectively) for 10 min. We observed 2 physical, 5 chemical and 6 mineral content retention properties over 180 days with 60 days intervals from the beginning. By combining ANOVA with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT), we assessed that the blend of 0.5 % CA and 0.1 % potassium metabisulfite secured the highest yield and maximum retention of the physical and mineral properties of the banana powder. This blend also yielded higher protein and carbohydrate but lowered the moisture and ash content. Besides, 0.5 % CA was found excellent in lowering fat content with retain ability. Dehydration was previously considered as an efficacious preservation method for perishable crops like bananas. From the comprehensive assessment, this study concludes that pre-treatment with the blend of 0.5 % CA and 0.1 % potassium metabisulfite increases the efficiency of the dehydration process and also increases the shelf life of banana powder maintaining an appreciable quality.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Amritsagar banana was pre-treated, dehydrated, and transformed into powder intended to reduce its post-harvest losses
 Soaking in a blend of 0.5 % Citric Acid and 0.1 % Potassium Metabisulfite for 10 minutes was the best pre-treatment process for banana slices
 Pre-treatment with organic acids resulted in higher yield, better physicochemical properties and increased shelf life for Amritsagar banana powder
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Impact of an Organic Acid and Calcium Chloride Solution on Minimally Processed Breadfruit Quality

Impact of an Organic Acid and Calcium Chloride Solution on Minimally Processed Breadfruit Quality

Biological factors influencing As mobilization from an ancient mining region: In vitro studies

Ouro Preto city is located in the Iron Quadrangle, where Arsenic-bearing minerals are easily found; therefore, human exposure to As is a concern. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of organic matter (OM) and microbiota on As mobility. Soil samples were collected from deactivated gold mines to achieve this goal. Soil aliquots (5 g) were exposed to different extractant mixtures: CaCl2, 2.5 mmol −1 (A); CaCl2 + 5 g of proteic biomass - PB (B); CaCl2 + bacterial inoculum (C); CaCl2 + 5 g of PB + inoculum (D); and organic acid solution - OAS (0.1 mol−1) (E). Solubility tests were conducted at room temperature for 120 days (A–D) or 48 h (E). PB increased As mobility up to 600 times compared to that of the control group (A). As mobility in the presence of bacteria was slightly lower thus highlighting the effects of microbiota and OM on As mobilization. Principal component analyses indicated Ca, Fe, Mn, P, Mg, Sr, As, and Cd were the main contributing factors. In the presence of OM, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, and Cr were leached. The positive effect of OM and indigenous microorganisms on As mobility was confirmed, reinforcing the need to adopt preventive measures to avoid potential environmental damage due to ineffective management of urban and industrial waste deposition in such As-contaminated urban areas.

Сement based compositions with complex modifying additives based on glyoxal

Introduction. Due to the multicomponent composition, cement based concrete has a high potential for improving technical characteristics by controlling technological processes or the quality of raw materials, which makes it possible to develop composites with specified requirements for the construction of modern resource and energysaving buildings, including for the northern territories of Russia. With the transition to the micro level of the formation of the structure of cement based concretes, new opportunities open up for the directed regulation of properties. Based on this, in order to improve the quality of concrete by improving the structure of the hardened cement paste, a method was proposed for introducing modifiers into the mixture, which directly affect the new growths in the ‘cement-water’ system, which makes it possible to control the process of structure formation of the hardened cement paste.Materials and methods. Research has been carried out using test methods set out in national standards and physical and chemical analysis: thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of a study of the effect of complex modifying additives (CMA) based on an aqueous solution of glyoxal and organic acids on the rheological and strength properties of hardened cement paste are presented, the regularities of the processes and the mechanism of structure formation of the modified cement paste are determined.Results. The optimal compositions of a cement based composition based on an aqueous solution of glyoxal have been determined. On the first day of hardening of hardened cement paste with CMA, including polylactic acid and an aqueous solution of glyoxal, as well as lactic acid and an aqueous solution of glyoxal, the strength increases by 23.5%, and at 28 days of age - up to 63% compared to the control composition. Physicochemical studies found that in hardened cement paste with CMA based on an aqueous solution of glyoxal and organic acids, the density and homogeneity of the structure increases, and the content of low-basic hydrosilicates also increases.Conclusion. The developed complex additives are recommended for use in the production of cement based concretes with the required rate of structure formation and high strength.

Comparative analysis of absorption capacity of Cr(VI) polyaniline and cellulose/polyaniline composites synthesized in aqueous solutions of organic acids

Samples of polyaniline (PAn) doped by different organic acids, namely PAn-FA, PAn-AA, PAn-OA, and PAn-CA, were synthesized by oxidation of aniline (An) with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the 0.5 M aqueous solutions of formic (FA), acetic (AC), oxalic (OA), and citric acids (CA) respectively. Samples of composites of cellulose (Cel) with doped polyaniline (Cel/PAn-FA, Cel/PAn-AA, Cel/PAn-OA, and Cel/PAn-CA)were produced by the same method under the presence of a suspension of microfibrillar bleached cellulose in the reaction mixture. The mass ratio of An : Cel was 1 : 1. The structure of obtained samples was studied using X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectral analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption capacity as concerns Cr(VI) by produced samples of both individual polyanilines and composites and adsorption kinetics has been studied by electronic (UV) and fluorescence X-ray spectroscopy and also X-ray energy dispersion analysis methods. Practically full removal of Cr(VI) ions (98–100 %) of such investigated samples of PAns and its composites has been determined. The adsorption kinetics is well described by equations of pseudo first and second orders. According to the results, the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms are plotted. It was found that the process of adsorption Cr(VI) ions by doped samples of PAn and Cel/PAn accords to adsorption model of Langmuir. It has been shown, that adsorbed chromium remains in the samples of adsorbents in the form of chromium (III). Keywords : polyaniline, cellulose, composites, structure, Cr(VI), adsorption.

Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Polyphenols and Anthocyanins from Saffron Processing Waste with Aqueous Organic Acid Solutions: Comparison with Stirred-Tank and Ultrasound-Assisted Techniques

Fοllow up with our previous study on the extraction of saffron processing waste polyphenols using deep eutectic solvents, the objective of this examination was a comparative evaluation of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), stirred-tank extraction (STE) and stirred-tank extraction with ultrasonication pretreatment (STE/UP) with respect to the recovery of pigments and antioxidant polyphenols from saffron processing waste. Aqueous solutions of citric and lactic acids at two different concentrations were used as green solvents. The extracts obtained under the specified conditions were analyzed for total pigment and total polyphenol yields as well as for their ferric-reducing power and antiradical activity. Furthermore, each produced extract was analyzed with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to profile its analytical polyphenolic composition. In all cases, PLE provided inferior results compared to the two other techniques, producing extracts with lower polyphenolic concentration and weaker antioxidant properties. On the other hand, no specific pattern was detected concerning the effect of ultrasonication, acid type and acid concentration. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that stirred-tank extraction with 1% (w/v) lactic acid and ultrasonication pretreatment might be the highest-performing combination, providing extracts with increased polyphenol and pigment concentration; however, it also enhanced antioxidant activity. It was also concluded that the significantly shorter extraction time when using PLE might be an important element in further optimizing the process, buttressing the use of this technique for the establishment of innovative and sustainable-by-design extraction methodologies.

Aqueous solutions of organic acids as effective solvents for levodopa extraction from Mucuna pruriens seeds

• Aqueous solutions of organic acids are promising substitutes for organic solvents. • Performance in the extraction of L-dopa from the seeds of M. Pruriens was assessed. • High purity and yields of L-dopa have been achieved with the investigated compounds. Levodopa is an amino acid commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease found in several plants, such as Mucuna pruriens . The extraction of levodopa from biomass has been achieved using methanol, ethanol:water mixtures in presence of ascorbic acid, chloroform in alkaline media, and acetonitrile. Aiming at finding more sustainable solvents and develop efficient extraction processes, in this work, aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids (acetic, propionic, citric, glycolic, and lactic acid) and (poly)alcohols (ethanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol) were studied for the extraction of levodopa from Mucuna pruriens seeds. An initial screening with aqueous solutions of these compounds (at 50 wt%) was conducted at 50 °C, with an extraction time of 90 min at a solid/liquid (biomass/solvent) ratio of 1:10. Based on these results, citric acid aqueous solutions were identified as the best solvent, and an experimental design was carried out to optimize the temperature (T), solid/liquid ratio (S:L) and concentration of acid (wt.%), with the following optimal extraction conditions found: T = 60 °C, S:L = 1:7 and concentration of acid at 58 wt%. Under these optimal conditions, an extraction efficiency of 9.2 ± 0.1 wt% of levodopa was achieved. The recovery of levodopa from the acidic aqueous solution was achieved using an ion exchange column, allowing the recovery of approximately 84% of levodopa. The solvent was shown to be reusable in three successive extraction cycles, with no significant losses in the extraction efficiency of levodopa. The results here obtained show that citric acid aqueous solutions can lead to the effective extraction of levodopa from seeds of Mucuna pruriens, serving as basis for the development of more effective and environmentally friendly processes to recover natural products with therapeutic properties.

자색케일(Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) 안토시아닌 색소의 안정성에 영향을 미치는 요인

This study examined the pigment stability of red kale anthocyanin according to different conditions. The red kale extract was the most stable at pH 1.0 showing high absorbance at 538 nm. When a 0.05 M organic acid solution was added to the red kale extract, which was then stored for 10 days, the pigment retention rates were observed in the order of malic > formic > acetic > citric acids. When measuring the stability in the presence of metal ions, the pigment retention rates were observed in the order of K+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > Fe2+. The stability based on heat treatment was confirmed that the lower the temperature, the more stable the color. When 0.1 M sugar solution was added to the red kale extract, which was then stored for 6 days, the pigment retention rates were observed in the order of glucose > maltose > sucrose > galactose > fructose. The color was more stable in darkness than upon exposure to sunlight. The color was relatively stable at −40°C and −20°C, but at 37°C, color stability decreased. In conclusion, the anthocyanin pigment of red kale showed different color stability depending on the processing conditions, and these should be considered when using it as a natural pigment.

Robust superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membrane optimized by Cu doping modified metal-organic frameworks for oil-water separation and water purification

The traditional oil-water separation methods suffer from many problems such as low separation efficiency, high energy consumption, and rapid contamination by oil. We fabricated superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh (SSM), which was modified by copper mesh (CM) doped UiO-66-NH2, named SSM/UiO-66-NH2/CMn, for efficient oil-water separation and organic matter degradation. Our fabrication strategy mainly includes the growth of structural tunable metal-organic frameworks (MOF, UiO-66) on metal meshes via hydrothermal reaction. The UiO-66 was doped and modified by reusable copper mesh, which enhanced the hydrophilicity and photocatalytic properties of the mesh. The SEM, XRD, AFM, FTIR, and XPS characterizations demonstrated that the meshes were successfully prepared and showed a rough structure surface. In virtue of the special wetting and robustness, the prepared meshes could maintain superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity with underwater oil contact angle (UWOCA) above 150° after oil/water separation at extreme conditions, including high salt concentrations, low/high temperatures, presence of organic solvents, alkaline and acidic solutions, sandpaper friction, and long-time UV irradiation. Even under harsh conditions, the mesh showed an excellent oil-water separation efficiency of up to 99.7%. Moreover, the fabricated meshes can degrade dye pollutants under visible light with a degradation rate of 99.5% within 80 min, which solves the dependence of traditional photocatalysts on UV and improves solar energy utilization. This research paves the way for preparing super wetting membranes for oil-water separation and organic matter degradation in actual complex oily wastewater.

Leaching of Cobalt and Nickel from Metallic Mixtures by Inorganic and Organic Acid Solutions

Leaching of Cobalt and Nickel from Metallic Mixtures by Inorganic and Organic Acid Solutions

The Kinetics of Chitosan Degradation in Organic Acid Solutions

This paper presents a comparative study on chitosan degradation in organic acid solutions according to their different dissociation characteristics. More precisely, the aim of the study was to determine the kinetics of the degradation process depending on the different acid dissociation constants (pKa values). The scientists involved in chitosan to date have focused mainly on acetic acid solutions. Solutions of lactic, acetic, malic, and formic acids in concentrations of 3% wt. were used in this research. The progress of degradation was determined based on the intrinsic viscosity measurement, GPC/SEC chromatographic analysis, and their correlation. Changes in the viscosity parameters were performed at a temperature of 20 °C ± 1 °C and a timeframe of up to 168 h (7 days). The chemical structure and DDA of the initial chitosan were analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis. The results of this study can be considered of high importance for the purpose of electrospinning, production of micro- and nano-capsules for drug delivery, and other types of processing. Understanding the influence of the dissociation constant of the solvent on the kinetics of chitosan degradation will allow the selection of an appropriate medium, ensuring an effective and stable spinning process, in which the occurrence of polymer degradation is unfavorable.

Pseudomonas spp.: Are Food Grade Organic Acids Efficient against These Spoilage Microorganisms in Fresh Cheeses?

Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas spp. are among the most common spoilage agents in fresh, soft and semi-soft cheeses; therefore, hurdles inhibiting their growth are in strong demand by producers. This study aimed to establish Minimal Inhibiting Concentrations (MICs) of lactic and acetic acid towards P. fluorescens and to evaluate the efficacy of a cheese surface treatment with these two organic acids. MICs were determined in Brain Heart Infusion broth at 30 °C: the inhibition was achieved at a concentration of 49.96 mM and 44.40 mM of acetic and lactic acid, respectively. Two series of inhibition tests were performed on fresh “Primo sale” cheese, inoculated with P. brenneri MGM3, then dipped into different acid solutions (acetic acid: 49.96, 99.92 and 149.88 mM; lactic acid: 44.40, 88.80 and 133.20 mM) and stored at 6 °C. P. brenneri MGM3 were enumerated, including a control series. A significantly lower growth was revealed at the highest concentrations tested, both for acetic (p < 0.01) and lactic acid (p < 0.05) if compared to control samples. A conditioning of “Primo sale” surface with organic acid solutions could be a useful hurdle for Pseudomonas inhibition and shelf-life extension; it should be applied in combination with other mild interventions to fight spoilage and maintain the original product characteristics.

An exploratory study of recovery of rare-earth elements from monazite in mild conditions using statistical-mixture design

Monazite is a phosphate mineral, considered an essential source of light rare-earth elements (REE). The present work sought to evaluate different methods of solubilization of REE through the use of different concentrations of inorganic acids (H2SO4, HCl, and HNO3) and organic acids (citric, oxalic, and lactic) in mild conditions at room temperature. According to the results, the inorganic acid solutions favored the solubilization in order of Ce3+, La3+, Nd3+, Pr3+, and Sm3+ elements, while organic acid solutions only favored the solubilization of Ce3+ and La3+. Nitric acid was the more efficient leaching agent for the first group. In the case of organic acids, lactic acid solubilized Ce3+, while mixtures of lactic and citric acids appeared to solubilize La3+.

The possibility of using aluminosilicate composite materials after modification and processing in sunflower oil

The paper presents the study results of the isotherms of nitrogen adsorption-desorption on blue and green powdered clays before and after the surface is modified with solutions of organic acids (oxalic, succinic) and sodium carbonate. Unlike powder of natural blue clay, the material of green clay is characterized by the presence of macropores (5%) with a diameter of more than 50 nm; 95% of volume is occupied by mesopores ranging in size 4-40 nm. According to the size distribution data, the total number of mesopores of blue and green clays has reduced after treatment with oxalic acid; it changes slightly after introduction of alkaline compound into system (sodium carbonate, 10 wt %). It was revealed that the process of adsorption of total impurity ingredients of fatty acid triglycerides provides the possibility of using acid-modified clays with a set of properties (specific surface area, pore distribution) after processing for 1 hour in sunflower oil to stabilize the digestive function of the gastrointestinal tract of poultry and improve the quality of eggs laid by them by daily evening introduction into the feed (1-3 wt %) for 1 month prior to laying.

The solubility of N-acetyl amino acid amides in organic acid and alcohol solutions: Mechanistic insight into structural protein solubilization

Structural proteins such as spider silk and silkworm silk are generally poorly soluble in aqueous and organic solutions, making them difficult to manipulate in manufacturing processes. Although some organic acids and alcohols, such as formic acid and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), effectively solubilize poorly soluble proteins, little is known about their protein solubilization mechanism. In this study, the solubility of N-acetyl amino acid amide compounds in organic solvents—formic acid, acetic acid, HFIP and isopropanol—was measured to clarify the protein solubilization mechanism at the amino acid residue level. On the basis of thermodynamic analyses of the solubility in terms of the transfer free energy (from water to organic solvents), every organic solvent was found to be effective in thermodynamically stabilizing hydrophobic amino acid side chains in the liquid phase. Formic acid and HFIP were comparably effective in the stabilization of the polypeptide backbone, whereas acetic acid and isopropanol were ineffective. Therefore, the significant solubilizing effect of formic acid and HFIP on the structural proteins was attributed to their favorable interactions with hydrophobic amino acid side chains and with the polypeptide backbone of the proteins. The present findings are useful for the optimization of protein manipulation and amino acid sequence design.

A comparative study of the effect of organic dopant ions on the electrochemical and chemical synthesis of the conducting polymers polyaniline, poly(o-toluidine) and poly(o-methoxyaniline)

Electroactive polymers such as polyaniline and its derivatives have many potential applications, but the nature of the dopants can have an adverse effect on their properties. Polyaniline (PANI), poly(o-methoxyaniline) (POMA) and poly(o-toluidine) (POT) have been synthesised using appropriate organic acid dopants (2-naphthalenesulfonic acid and 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid) via electrochemical and chemical polymerisation methods, where the later was achieved at pH (1–2) in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. The effects of the monomers and organic dopants on the physiochemical properties and morphological surface of the polymers were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The above films were also synthesised electrochemically whilst varying conditions such as scan rate, scan number and in aqueous solution of organic acids using cyclic voltammetry techniques. Cyclic voltammetry experiments have been employed to analyse the growth behaviour and electrochemical stability of films in the background electrolytes (monomer-free). It was found that PANI salts displayed higher doping levels and conductivity while POMA and POT salts were found to show lower conductivity and doping levels, respectively. Furthermore the electrochemical response of films was different in the stability and this may be because of the methoxy (–OCH3) and methyl (–CH3) groups located at the ortho position of the aromatic ring structure of the monomers (o-methoxyaniline and o-toluidine). The –OCH3 and–CH3 groups have significant steric effects and can reduce to form long chains of polymers and also decrease conductivity. The SEM showed that the morphologies of the prepared conducting polymers were different, which was associated with the nature and size of the dopant and monomer present in the bath solution.

Development of a Unique Organic Acid Solution for Removing Composite Field Scales.

Removal of oil field scales commonly requires low pH acid, which may cause many issues under downhole conditions. Because of the deposition of different scale types and the economic effect, there is a need to develop a remedial descaling fluid that can be effectively used to remove different types of scales at a different position in the well. This paper provides a new scale dissolver that is noncorrosive and has high scale dissolution performance for composite scales. This study shows a series of comprehensive experimental lab tests as scale characterization, equilibrium brine compositional analysis, fluid compatibility and stability, solubility test, precipitation tendency for the dissolved solids, corrosion test, and core flooding. The scale samples contain magnetite, kaolinite, calcium carbonate, and sulfate scales. The results showed that the dissolution rate was higher than 74% for composite field scale samples after 6 h at 70 °C, while the new dissolver completely dissolved the two samples at 100 °C after 5 h. The new dissolver outperformed the common commercial dissolver used in the oil and gas industry. The new dissolver has a pH of 9 and showed safe use regarding the precipitation of dissolved solids that can be produced during the scale treatment and a low corrosion rate of 0.063 kg/m2 at 6.9 MPa and 100 °C for 6 h. Also, the new dissolver was tested through core flooding for Indiana limestone and showed core permeability enhancement; the treatment with the new dissolver enhanced the core permeability from an initial value of 0.67 milliDarcy (mD) to record 1.29 mD.

Eight salts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine and organic acids by H-bonds and some noncovalent associations

This article reports the 4-dimethylaminopyridine based supramolecular crystalline solids 1-8, where the organic acids have been integrated. Addition of the 4-dimethylaminopyridine to the solution of organic acid makes the corresponding supramolecular assemblies. All the compounds crystallize as the corresponding salts and they have been featured in detail via IR, mp, EA and XRD. The major driving force is the classical H-bonds from 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the acids. Further analysis of the crystal packing of the salts told that a different array of additional CH-C, CH-O/CH3-O, CH-π/CH3-π, CH-CH, CH-Cl/CH3-Cl, OH-π, O-C, O-N, O-O, O-π and Cl-O contacts contribute to the stabilization and expansion of the total 1D-3D structures. For the delicate balance of the various weak nonbonding interactions, these structures adopted homo or hetero supramolecular synthons or both.

Electrospinning of chitosan from different acid solutions

Electrospinning is a production technique for obtaining polymer nanofibers relatively low-cost and straightforward to produce fine fibers. Chitosan (CTS) is a well-known biopolymer widely used for drug delivery, hydrogels, tissue engineering, wound healing, and mats. This work aims to study different chitosan-organic acid solutions' conductivity using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuit fitting to understand this parameter's influence in the electrospinning process for fiber formation in different organic acids as solvents. The conductivity of dilute chitosan solutions decreases until reaching a minimum value as chitosan concentration increases; conductivity increases linearly as concentration increases. We measured solution resistance, polarization resistance, and relaxation time of chitosan solutions in acetic, formic, lactic, and citric acids using electrical impedance spectroscopy with equivalent circuit modeling. There is no direct correlation between the electrospinnability of the different organic acids solutions with their solution conductivity. We obtained chitosan nanofibers and particles when electrospun a chitosan concentrated solution (4 wt%) in concentrated acetic acid (90 vol%) and obtained submicron particles with a more diluted solution (1 wt%) in concentrated acetic acid (90 vol%). We also obtained chitosan particles from formic acid solutions and completely different ordered and elongated particles with citric acid solutions. Getting insight into the organic acid-chitosan interactions will help improve the electrospinning process to obtain fibers, particles, or both in a controlled fashion and may help design tailored materials.