Soluble Oil Research Articles

Tailoring product characteristics in the carbonisation of brewers’ spent grain through solvent selection

Agricultural, food and other biomass wastes represent an untapped resource of hydrocarbonaceous material with potential for valorisation into fuels and chemical products. A key challenge in this area is directing the characteristics of the products for different applications. Here, the use of different solvents – water and simple alcohols – is shown to directly impact on the products arising from the carbonisation of brewers’ spent grain (BSG). Unprocessed BSG was carbonised using water, methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol under pressure. The synthesised biochar was analysed using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetic analysis, elemental analysis and bomb calorimetry. Biochar synthesised in alcohol solvents exhibited significantly different properties to that produced via conventional hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) in water. HTC yielded a biochar with reduced heteroatom content and more favourable properties for application as a solid fuel. The alcohol solvents yielded greater quantities of water soluble oil (WSO), with the yield increasing with alcohol chain length. These trends are correlated with physical properties such as dielectric constant and increased solubility of organics in higher carbon number alcohols. These results show that the choice of solvent can direct the properties of synthesised chars for specific applications or can maximise the yield of bio-oil for fuel.

Optimasi Parameter Proses Bubut Material ST 60 dengan Pendinginan Ramah Lingkungan Menggunakan Metode Taguchi-Grey

Every production process always needs to produce high quality with high productivity. However, in machining processes, qualities such as surface roughness and productivity such as material removal rates have different characteristics. Surface roughness has the quality characteristics smaller the better, while the material removal rate has larger the better. Therefore, determining the combination of lathe parameters is very important to get optimal results. A study has been carried out to determine the combination of lathe process on ST 60 material with an environmentally friendly cooling method to minimize surface roughness response and maximize material processing rates simultaneously. The coolant (cold soluble oil and air pressure), spindle rotation (550 rpm, 700 rpm and 1200 rpm), feed motion (0.053 mm / rev., 0.103 mm / rev and 0.161 mm / rev) and depth of cut (0.125 mm, 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm) were used as process parameters. The tool used in this study is a CNMG insert tool with a 0.4 mm corner radius. The experimental design was determined using the Taguchi method in the form of orthogonal matrix L 18 (2 1 x3 3 ). The optimization method used is the grey relational analysis. The results showed that an optimal surface roughness response and material removal rate obtained by setting the coolant process at level 1 of cold soluble oil, spindle rotation was set at level 3 at 1200 rpm, feeding motion was set at level 3 of 0.161 mm / rev. And the depth of cut is set at level 3 of 0.5 mm.

Thermal enhancement of graphene dispersed emulsifier cutting fluid with different surfactants

Emulsifier cutting fluids like soluble oil, due to their excellent cooling and lubricating properties, are extensively used in industries during manufacturing processes. But they are categorized as hazardous waste by most of the countries. So, its disposal is an economic and environmental concern. This led to research in field of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), wherein cutting fluids are applied in minute quantities precisely to the cutting zone. Cutting fluids used in MQL should have enhanced cooling and lubricating properties compared to conventional cutting fluid. In the present experimental work, 0.1 wt% of graphene dispersed emulsifier cutting fluids are prepared using different surfactants and thermal conductivity is measured by modified transient plane source method using C-Therm thermal conductivity apparatus and results are compared with base fluid. Best two surfactants are used to prepare 0.3 wt% and 0.5 wt% of graphene dispersed emulsifier cutting fluids by varying the concentration of surfactant. Effect of variation in concentration of surfactant and graphene on thermal conductivity is studied experimentally using C-Therm thermal conductivity apparatus. At higher temperatures, Triton X100 gave better enhancement in thermal conductivity. 0.3 wt% graphene with 0.3 wt% of Triton X100 showed highest enhancement compared to base fluid

Compositional Analysis of Non-Polar and Polar Metabolites in 14 Soybeans Using Spectroscopy and Chromatography Tools.

There has been significant interest in soybean oil, fatty acid, and sugar composition to develop new value-added soybean products. Thus, compositional analysis is critical for developing value-added soybeans. In the present study, we showed simple screening tools (near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)) coupled with multivariate analysis for the sample classification of 14 soybeans as a proof-of-concept. We further determined major non-polar and polar metabolites responsible for differences between different soybeans using gas and ion chromatography. These differences in soybean profiles were attributed to lower levels of total oil content in wild soybeans (~9%) versus cultivated soybeans (16%–22%). In addition, higher levels of linolenic acid (~17%) and stachyose (~53%) were determined in wild type, whereas higher levels of oleic acid (~19%) and sucrose (~59%) were detected in cultivated soybeans. Interestingly, one cultivated soybean had a desirable sugar profile with a high amount of sucrose (86%) and a low abundance of stachyose (9%). The correlation studies showed a positive correlation between oil and soluble sugars (R2 = 0.80) and negative correlations between methyl linolenate and soluble sugars (R2 = −0.79), oil (R2 = −0.94), and methyl oleate (R2 = −0.94) content. Both polar and non-polar metabolites showed significant differences in wild and cultivated soybeans.

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF PHYSALIS MINIMA L. LEAF

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of Physalis minima leaf.
 Methods: The leaf of Physalis minima was examined for macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis. Extracts obtained from the leaf was analyzed for phytochemical screening and estimation of total tannin, phenolic and flavonoid content following the standard procedure available in the literature.
 Results: Morphologically, the leaf was found to be ovate in shape, 5 to 8 cm long and up to 3 cm width with dentate margin, asymmetrical base, hairy surface, reticulate veins on each side of midrib, green in colour, characteristic odour and slight bitter in taste. Microscopic study has shown the important diagnostic characters of Solanaceae family which is characterized by presence of dorsiventral leaf with anomocytic stomata, grandular or uniseriate trichomes and cluster crystal of calcium oxalate. Physicochemical parameters like foreign organic matter (0.78%), loss on drying (8.23%), total ash (11.4%), acid insoluble ash (2.2%), water-soluble ash (6.1%), sulphated ash (2.4%) alcohol soluble extractive (10.4%), water-soluble extractive (9.5%), ether soluble extractive (1.8%) foaming index (below 100), swelling index (1), volatile oil and heavy metal content were quantified. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of Physalis minima leaf has shown the presence of phytoconstituents viz. alkaloids, steroids, tannin, flavonoids, protein. Quantification of phytoconstituents was also reported like phenols (10.59±0.65 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid), tannin (8.24±0.27 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid) and flavonoids (87.17±0.87 mg/gm equivalent to rutin) respectively.
 Conclusion: This present study was provided the qualitative and quantitative standard of Physalis minima will help to prevent the possible steps of adulteration with other species of the same genus.

Evaluation of source, depositional environment, thermal maturity and biodegradation of organic matter from Kohat-Potwar Basin, Pakistan

The study focusses on investigation of source rock generative characteristics and nature of crude oils from Upper Indus Basin (UIB), Pakistan. The source rock sediments and crude oil samples were geochemically analyzed. These samples belong to Lockhart, Patala, Datta and Kingriali formations from Kohat-Potwar region. The sediments samples were extracted using soxhlet extractor with organic solvents. Soluble organic matter (SOM) and crude oil were fractionated into saturates, aromatics, NSOs and asphaltenes. SOM and Total organic carbon (TOC) values reveal good generative potential of rocks. SOM and TOC values increase with depth which point out the increasing thermal maturity with depth. Bitumen to TOC ratio exhibits that samples are within the oil window. High API gravity, absence of unresolved complex mixture (UCM) and very low sulfur content indicate the non-biodegraded nature of the crude oils. The metals were present in a trace amount. This study provides scientific insight particularly for those involved in oil exploration in region under study.

Experimental investigation of nanofluids in minimum quantity lubrication during turning of EN-24 steel

The present work evaluates the performance of different machining environments such as dry, wet, minimum quantity lubrication, Al2O3 nanofluids based minimum quantity lubrication, CuO nanofluids based minimum quantity lubrication and Al–CuO hybrid nanofluids based minimum quantity lubrication on machining performance characteristics during turning of EN-24. The nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids were prepared by adding the Al2O3, CuO and Al2O3/CuO to the soluble oil with different weight percentages (0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%). The thermal and tribological properties of hybrid nanofluid and nanofluids were analyzed. The comparative analysis of different turning environments has been done. From comparative analysis it is clearly observed that the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid shows better performance during turning of EN-24 steel. So there is a need for optimization of parameters during turning of EN-24 under Al2O3 nanofluids based minimum quantity lubrication, CuO nanofluids based minimum quantity lubrication and Al–CuO hybrid nanofluids based minimum quantity lubrication. The optimization of parameters has been done by response surface methodology. The significance of developed model was identified from analysis of variance. Multi-response optimization was done using desirability function approach. To verify the accuracy of developed models, confirmatory experiments were performed. The experimental results reveal that Al–CuO hybrid nanofluids based minimum quantity lubrication significantly improves surface quality, reduces cutting temperature and cutting forces.

Seed nutritional quality comparison of vegetable soybean genotypes at fresh pod and mature stage

Vegetable soybean is famous for its better eating quality and taste, which is usually harvested at fresh pod stage. However, no report is available on nutritional values between vegetable soybean seed at fresh pod stage and mature stage. To better understand the seed nutritional quality differences between fresh pod stage and mature stage in vegetable soybean, five vegetable soybean genotypes were examined. The results found that seeds from fresh edible stage had higher total free amino acid, and higher K, Na, Mn and Zn concentrations. The concentrations of soluble sugar, crude oil as well as unsaturated fatty acid were also higher at fresh pod stage. While total isoflavone, Mg and Fe concentrations were generally higher at full maturity stage. No differences in protein concentration were found between the two stages. Significant genotypic differences were found among nutritional parameters. The genotype Line 61 had the highest total soy isoflavone of 4593 μg g-1, whereas the genotype “Heidou” had the lowest total soy isoflavone of 1700 μg g-1 at mature stage. Correlation analysis indicated that total free amino acid was significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar, crude oil and total isoflavone. Therefore, the nutritional values at fresh pod stage and mature stage differed from the perspective of nutritional compositions. The findings reported here add new knowledge to vegetable soybean function and is a useful starting point for future breeding program and cultivation towards improving the nutritional compositions of soybean species.

Performance Evaluation of Different Environmental Conditions on Output Characteristics During Turning of EN-24 Steel

The present study investigated the effect of different machining environments such as dry, wet, cryogenic cooling, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), Al2O3 nanofluids with MQL, CuO nanofluids with MQL and Al–CuO hybrid nanofluids with MQL on machining performance characteristics during turning of EN-24 steel. The nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids were prepared by adding different weight percentages (0.2 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.6 wt%) of Al2O3, CuO and Al–CuO to the soluble oil. The thermal and tribological properties of soluble oil, nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids were analysed. The thermal conductivity of Al–CuO hybrid nanofluids was more compared with Al2O3, CuO nanofluids. The specific heat of Al–CuO hybrid nanofluids was less compared with Al2O3, CuO nanofluids. The comparative analysis of machining performance was done during turning under different environments. Experimental results reveal that the turning performance under Al–CuO hybrid nanofluids with MQL was better as compared to other machining environments.

Effect of cutting fluids applied in MQCL mode on machinability of Ti-6Al-4V

This paper experimentally investigates the role of minimum quantity cooling-lubrication (MQCL) with soluble oil, aqueous alumina and hBN nanofluids in turning of Ti-6Al-4 V. The effect of various machining environments has been studied on different machinability characteristics like all the three components of cutting forces, state of effective lubrication at the chip-tool interface, different tool wear parameters and adhesion of work material on the rake surface. The concept of cumulative machinability index has been used to analyze the role of machining environments. Soluble oil when applied in MQCL mode provided the best performance due to a much better state of effective lubrication at the chip-tool interface. Flood cooling with the same soluble oil could not provide comparable performance mainly due to its poor reachability at the chip-tool interface. Aqueous nanofluids also could not compete with soluble oil applied in MQCL mode mainly due to the intimate nature of contact and high cutting temperature at the chip-tool interface in turning of Ti-alloys.

Behavior of coking and stable radicals formation during thermal reaction of an atmospheric residue

This work studies the thermal reaction of Maoming atmospheric residue at a temperature range 400–500 °C in sealed tube reactor. It is found that the CS2 insoluble (coke) is formed at 420 °C and above and it increases with time and temperature, which can be fitted with a combination of the second-order and autocatalytic kinetics. The loss of heteroatoms in the coke such as sulfur atom accompanied with the condensation of coke. The concentration, g value and linewidth of stable radicals in residue are measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) and discussed to explore the transformation of coke structure. The formation of stable radicals can be expressed by a combination of the two first-order kinetics including CS2 soluble (oil) cracking and coke condensation with activation energies of 168 and 98 kJ/mol, respectively. More than half of stable radicals exist in oil (or in the coke presented in oil) when the coke contents are no >3.4%, while about 90% of the total stable radicals can be found in the coke when coke contents are >8.0%. In addition, the variation of g value and linewidth of stable radicals in coke are also studied.

Replacement of Hazard Lubricants by Green Coolant in Machining of Ti6Al4V: A 3D FEM Approach

Metalworking fluids (MWF’s) are frequently used for cooling and lubrication during machining processes in manufacturing industries. MWF’s such as soluble straight oils, synthetic oils, solid lubricants, bio lubricants contain a mix of water and mineral oil with some percentage of vegetable oils and petroleum. These MWF’s are hazardous for the environment and for human health. After using, the lubricants are disposed into the environment by burning or by dumping on the ground or in the sea water. Burning the lubricant creates pollution and airborne disease. To avoid these harmful effects of the lubricants sustainable machining technique is implemented in machining processes. In the present study, liquid nitrogen (green coolant) is used as a sustainable machining technique for cooling and lubrication. Finite element modeling is used to simulate the micro-end milling at different conditions of the workpiece (cryogenic plus preheated and cryogenic). The analysis of chip morphology and cutting forces measurement were done by applying these conditions. The predicted model is validated with the experimental results. It was observed that cryogenic with preheated workpiece (473 K) is the optimum condition with the application of green coolant. This study will clarify the behavior of cryogenic on the machining conditions and will solve the environmental problems.

Seed development and nutrient accumulation as affected by light shading in oilseed peony (Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’)

Seed yield and nutritional quality are dependent on seed development in oil crops. In a previous study, we showed that light shading improved seed yield and quality in oilseed peony, but the underlying mechanisms driving light shading impacts on seed yield and nutritional quality as mediated through seed development remain unclear. To develop an understanding of these mechanisms, oilseed peony trees were shaded by different density polyethylene nets starting at 28 days after pollination (DAP) and continuing until harvest. The seed volume, weight, and nutritional quality parameters, as well as the expression of genes related to the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), were examined at 14-day intervals. Results showed that hundred-seed volume (Vh), fresh weight (Wf), and dry weight (Wd) increased by 8.2, 15.2, and 33.0 times, respectively, from 14 to 70 DAP. During the same period, the contents of starch, soluble protein, crude oil, and UFAs increased by 2.8, 3.7, 20.4, and 21.1 times, respectively. From 71 to 98 DAP, Vh, Wf, and Wd increased by 4.1, 5.4, and 20.8%, respectively. During this period, the contents of soluble protein, crude oil, and UFAs increased by 36.8, 51.4, and 49.5%, respectively. From 99 to 112 DAP, Vh, Wf, and Wd slightly increased, and the content of soluble protein increased by 25.2%. In contrast, the contents of soluble sugar, starch, and crude oil decreased by 28.3, 15.1, and 6.3%, respectively. Thus, seed development of oilseed peony can be divided into three periods of rapid growth (before 70 DAP), slow growth (71–98 DAP), and maturation (99–112 DAP). At 98 DAP, light shading increased the content of soluble sugar by 8.3%. At 112 DAP, light shading increased Vh, Wf, Wd, the content of crude oil, and UFAs by 6.9, 8.3, 8.3, 6.6, and 9.6%, respectively. The expression level of FAD2 in peony seed was up-regulated by 87.1 and 219.3% at 98 and 112 DAP, respectively. The expression level of FAD8 was up-regulated by 10.8, 71.7, 162.1, and 371.3% at 70, 84, 98, and 112 DAP, respectively. The expression level of SAD was up-regulated by 53.5 and 150.3% at 98 and 112 DAP, respectively. It is thus concluded that light shading significantly improved seed yield and nutritional quality parameters via increased seed growth and the expression of fatty acid desaturase genes during the slow growth and the maturation periods of seed development.

Comparative Analysis of Machining Stainless Steel using Soluble and Vegetable Oils as Cutting Fluids

In this study, the performance of groundnut oil as an alternate cutting fluid was compared with that of soluble oil during machining of stainless steel. The temperature at the cutting zone, surface roughness and the chip formation were monitored under the two cutting conditions (soluble oil and vegetable oil). The machining parameters used were cutting speed (75 – 135 rev/min), feed rate (0.01 – 0.05 mm3/mm) and depth of cut (0.01 – 0.08 mm). The experiment was designed using Taguchi orthogonal array of Minitab 18 which generated a 9 run machining parameter mix for the experimentation. The Physiochemical properties of the various fluids were also analyzed to determine the properties and constituent elements of the cutting fluids. The actual machining of the stainless steel bar was done using a Colchester mastiff lathe machine. Results show that feed rate and cutting speed had the most significant effect on surface roughness during machining of stainless steel both with groundnut oil and soluble oil. Soluble oil was a better coolant but poorer in lubrication as vegetable oil reduced surface roughness more when used. Surface roughness value improved from 9.21μm during machining with soluble oil to 3.84μm during machining with groundnut oil which represented a 58.3% improvement. Hence, vegetable oil is therefore recommended as good alternative cutting fluid to soluble oil during machining of stainless steel.

Multi-Response Optimization of Turning Parameters during Machining of EN-24 Steel with SiC Nanofluids Based Minimum Quantity Lubrication

In manufacturing industry, the expenses for cutting fluids are about 7 to 17% of total production cost. The cutting fluids increase the health hazards as well as can cause a lot of environmental problems. In order to eliminate the ill effects associated with cutting fluids, it is now becoming necessary to move towards more sustainable techniques. To improve the surface quality of product and to minimize the expenditure of energy and resources it is essential to do optimization of turning parameters under sustainable cooling technique. For that purpose, grey relational analysis (GRA) proves to be a superior optimization technique to forecast and decision-making in various areas of manufacturing sector. In this research work, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) setup has been developed and utilized for the experimentation. The nanofluids were prepared by adding the silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles (NPs) to the soluble oil with different weight percentages (0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%). The thermal and tribological properties of SiC nanofluids were analyzed. Comparative analysis of MQL and SiC nanofluids based MQL turning has been done. Experimental results revealed that, the turning performance under SiC based nanofluids MQL mode is better as compared to MQL. The experimentation was planned as per Taguchi methodology. GRA has been employed to optimize the process parameters during turning of EN-24 steel under SiC based nanofluids MQL environment for better machining performance characteristics. The turning parameters under SiC based nanofluids MQL environment were optimized by GRA to obtain improved surface quality. The results revealed that optimization through GRA enhance output quality characteristics.

Improvement of product distribution through enhanced mass transfer in isobutane/butene alkylation

The isobutane/butene alkylation catalyzed by H2SO4 is a liquid/liquid reaction, and the limited solubility of the hydrocarbon in the catalyst inhibits mass transfer, leading to occurrence of side reactions. Amphiphilic surfactant could enhance mass transfer in multiphasic systems. In this study, a series of quaternary ammonium and phosphonium surfactants were used as the additive to enhance the catalytic performance of H2SO4 for isobutane/butene alkylation. Ammonium surfactants showed much better activity to improve product distribution than the phosphonium one. The enhanced product distribution and alkylate quality were attributed to the well dispersion of the hydrocarbon in the acid and increased hydrocarbon solubility in the catalytic system, i.e., enhanced mass transfer in the reaction system. The reaction parameters were optimized, and under these conditions, weight percentage of C8 in the product was 87.5%, and research octane number (RON) of the alkylate could reach 97.8. Lifetime of the surfactant/H2SO4 system was 130 times compared with 51 times for the system with no additive due to inhibition of the formation of acid soluble oil (i.e., products of side reactions). This proposed catalytic system with the ammonium surfactant as the additive is promising to be employed in industrial C4 alkylation process.

OPTIMIZATION OF SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS OF LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) ESSENTIAL OIL

Objective: Focus of this study was to optimize and to characterize the self-Nano emulsifying drug delivery system using lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil.Methods: The optimum formulas were analyzed using a D-Optimal mixture experimental design and performed using a Design Expert® Ver. 7.1.5. Formulation variables which include in the design were: oil component X1 (a mixture of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and virgin coconut oil/VCO), surfactant X2 (Tween 80), and co-surfactant (PEG 400), while emulsification time in a sec (Y1) and transmittance in percent (Y2) as responses.Results: The optimum formula for SNEDDS in the current study were: Cymbopogon citratus essential oil (7.147%), VCO (7.147%), Tween 80 (71.417%), and PEG 400 (14.290%). From the optimizing formula can be shown that the mean of droplet size, polydispersity-index, zeta potential, and viscosity were: 13.17±0.06 nm, 0.17±0.05,-20.90±1.47 mV, 200±0mPa. s (n=3), respectively. Furthermore, the optimized formula has passed the thermodynamic stability test; meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical shape.Conclusion: The optimized SNEDDS formula was improving solubility of poorly soluble Cymbopogon citratus essential oil.

Surface integrity in grinding of Ti-6Al-4V using monolayer superabrasive wheel

ABSTRACTTitanium alloy is considered to be difficult to grind due to its low thermal conductivity, relatively high grinding temperature and its reactivity with almost all grit materials. Residual stress on the ground surface, which is one of the major aspects of surface integrity, has not been studied well in case of grinding of Ti- alloys. Further, investigations assessing the effectiveness of emulsion of vegetable oil in water as a grinding fluid applied in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) mode are lacking. The present work endeavours to experimentally study the effect of different grinding fluids applied in MQL mode in comparison to flood cooling with soluble oil on different grindability characteristics with particular emphasis on residual stress. Neat oil, applied in MQL mode, has provided a reduction in grinding forces, even in comparison to flood cooling. It has also yielded overall competitive performance in comparison to flood cooling from the perspective of surface roughness, residual stress, and ground surface topography.

Development of an ultrasonic vibration assisted minimum quantity lubrication system for Ti-6Al-4V grinding

Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is widely used in machining/grinding as a competent cooling-lubrication technique owing to its advantages in terms of better cooling, lubrication, and lower coolant consumption. Ultrasonic vibration can be used to enhance the efficiency of MQL system by atomising the cutting fluid into fine and uniform droplets. In this study, an ultrasonic vibration assisted MQL (UAV-MQL) system is indigenously developed to effectively atomise the cutting fluid using the ultrasonic vibration of a suitably designed horn. To check the effectiveness of the developed UAV-MQL system, a set of experiments have been conducted on Ti-6Al-4V alloy during surface grinding operation, and the results have been compared with dry, flood and air-assisted conventional MQL grinding process using soluble oil as a cutting fluid.

Polymeric carbon material from waste sulfuric acid of alkylation and its application in biodiesel production

The huge waste sulfuric acid from isobutane/butene alkylation, which contains acid soluble oil and can lead environment pollution and waste of resources, is difficult to deal with. For the treatment of alkylation waste sulfuric acid, the process convert waste sulfuric acid into dilute sulfuric acid and polymerized carbon materials through direct polymerization of acid soluble oil at below 473.15 K is proposed. Compared with the traditional pyrolysis process at 1373.15 K, the technology developed in this study can save more energy efficient with reduced carbon emissions. It was found that the removal rate of organic matter in waste acid was higher than 99.5 wt % at 453.15K. The dilute sulfuric acid obtained from the reaction can be used in the synthesis of sulphate. The polymeric carbon material has strong acidity. Further study indicates that the polymeric carbon material can be used as an efficient solid acid catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid and methanol to produce biodiesel. The results showed that conversion of oleic acid could reach 95.03 wt % under the optimized conditions, which remained higher than 91 wt % after reuse for 5 times. This work provides an alternative method to treat waste sulfuric acid and also a feasible and low cost route to obtain polymeric carbon material from the organic resources in the sulfuric acid as solid acid catalyst, which can reduce the manufacturing cost of biodiesel.