Solid Waste Samples Research Articles

Geochemical markers in the detection and identification of fossil fuels in waste material from an illegal landfill fire

Organic compounds, including n-alkanes, steranes, pentacyclic triterpanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, often originate from industrial activities, vehicle emissions, used transformer oils, biomass combustion, and also natural organic matter. The unprotected surroundings of former industrial sites, especially those affected by fire, pose significant risks to public health and the environment, particularly soil and water. These compounds are also excellent geochemical markers for determining the material that was used to ignite the fire, including petroleum products, oils, greases, and gasoline. This study presents research findings from an illegal landfill in Sosnowiec, Poland, which caught fire in 2020, leading to the combustion of petroleum substances, plastics, and other waste. The study found PAHsum concentrations ranging from 4.57 to 302.45 ppm in soil samples and from 3.04 to 27211.98 ppm in burnt solid waste samples, indicating significant contamination. The test results confirmed that the main sources of these pollutants in the analyzed research area were, among other things, greases, industrial oils, products from solid fuel processing, and coal waste. The use of pentacyclic triterpanes (hopanes and moretanes) seems to be the most effective diagnostic method to detect the presence of organic fossil fuels in waste samples. This research underscores the critical need to monitor and control illegal landfills to prevent fires and limit the exposure of communities and the environment to toxic pollutants. The methodologies applied here could be adopted globally to address soil and water pollution in similar contexts. By using these techniques, researchers could better interpret and manage environmental data, ultimately improving pollution control strategies worldwide.

Gravimetric Characterization of Solid Waste in the Dump of the Municipality of Coari - Amazonas, Brazil

Objective: To estimate the gravimetric characterization of solid waste in the waste dump in the municipality of Coari, located in the state of Amazonas, in the region of the Middle Solimões, Brazil, and to evaluate the implications for sustainable management and management. Theoretical Reference: The main public policy bases related to solid waste treatment, from generation to final destination, were contextualized, as well as the scenarios regarding gravimetric composition, as well as the references to support a resolving horizon for materials of a recyclable nature. Method: This study addresses quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected samples of solid waste destined to the landfill of the municipality of Coari - Amazonas, in accordance with the steps required by NBR 10.007/2004 and tabulation in Microsoft Excel. Results and conclusion: The results indicate that the majority is composed of organic material, followed by plastics and paper/cardboard, among other smaller fractions: glass, metals, wood, pointing to the need for the implementation of urgent recycling and composting practices, even if the municipality does not have an environmentally adequate destination. Implications of the research: In Brazil, even with the public policies already implanted, the great majority of the municipalities have not yet propitiated the extinction of their garbage dumps or have some irregular form as to the final destination of their solid residues. The gravimetric composition is one of the important tools for analyzing the composition of materials taken to the final destination, which is absent in many municipalities. Originality/value: Knowledge of the composition of the fractions of the solid waste generated is fundamental for guiding strategic actions and planning related to management and management, aligned with public policies that direct the practices of utilization from the generating source to the final destination, in order to avoid expansion or mitigate environmental impacts.

Potential Use of Municipal Solid Waste Pile in Segawe Landfill (Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia) as Raw Material for Refuse Derived Fuel

The Segawe municipal solid waste (SW) landfill in Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia, has currently exceeded its capacity. This study aimed to determine the potential use of dumped SW at the landfill as raw material for the production of refuse derived fuel (RDF). Buried SW samples were collected at a passive zone of the landfill in six locations. The samples were sieved using 10 and 30 mm mesh sieves. A composition analysis was conducted following the ASTM D5231-92 method to sample fractions of greater than 30 mm size. The density was measured according to the weight and volume. The moisture and volatile matter contents were analyzed using the ASTM D2216-10 and D3175-07 methods, respectively. The calorific value was measured using a Parr C3000 bomb calorimeter following the ASTM D5865 method.The buried SW composition was dominated by a fraction size that was greater than 30 mm (79.4%). This fraction was dominantly composed of plastics (71.2%) and had average volatile matter and calorific values which met RDF criteria as a fuel. However, the ash and moisture contents exceeded the standards and, therefore, required appropriate treatments before their applications.

Development and validation of a novel HPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of PFASs in non-hazardous solid waste samples

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a heterogeneous group of fluorinated synthetic compounds characterised by the presence of a hydrophobic carbonyl chain at different fluorination rates and by a terminal hydrophilic group. Because of their persistence and mobility, PFASs have been widely detected in ecosystems and living organisms, leading to their classification as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Hence, monitoring the PFASs content in solid waste meant for disposal in non-hazardous landfills can be crucial, since leachate can pose a significant pollution threat to farmlands and aquifers.Therefore, a QuEChERS and SPE pretreatment with HPLC-MS/MS detection method for 10 different PFASs in solid waste samples was developed in this study. Different sample preparation approaches have been evaluated, taking into account the lack in the literature of this complex matrix.An innovative application using the Captiva EMR cartridge for the clean up (designed to be applied to lipidic matrix) was proposed and a multiresidual HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of PFASs in internal waters was extended to the investigation of non-lipidic samples as solid wastes. The method was then validated through 6 blanks and 6 spiked samples, according to the UNI EN ISO/IEC 17025. The optimized method showed satisfactory performance with recoveries ranging from 89.8 % to 106.5 % and with LOD and LOQ ranging between 0.0023 – 0.09 µg/L and 0.006 – 0.13 µg/L, respectively, for each of the PFASs under consideration. In addition, this approach demonstrated to be reliable and time consuming due to its capability for determining PFASs in waters and in solid wastes simultaneously in a single chromatographic run.

Environmental risk assessment of plastic waste from riverside traditional markets at Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam

Abstract Traditional markets in Mekong Delta are usually located close to waterways such as rivers, streams, or channels. Although market’s waste is collected daily, a significant volume of them, including plastic waste was dumped to surrounding aquatic environments. In this study, a total of 20 composite solid waste samples from 10 riverside markets in coastal districts of Tra Vinh Province, were collected. In the laboratory, after the determination of the physical composition of market waste samples, the plastic waste was classified into seven common types including PET, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, PP, PS, and others. Then, five markets with the highest solid waste generation were selected to collect one sediment and three water samples along the beside waterways to analyse bisphenol A (BPA) contents. The results showed that plastic amount in solid waste samples inside markets ranged from 23.3% to 36.7%, while those along the waterways presented 26.7% to 43.3%. The highest amount of plastic type was PET, followed by PP, LDPE, PS, HDPE, and PVC. The highest BPA contents in both water and sediment samples right in front of the riverside market gates suggested the high risk for aquatic environment around the markets.

Comparison study of three universal methods for the recovery and purification of valuable heavy metals from electroplating sludge

The large amount of heavy metals from waste electroplating sludge has great recovery and treatment value, which is of great significance for environmental protection, resource recycling and sustainable development. In actual process, metals were relatively easy to be extracted from sludge, but the separation process was more complex. In this study, three universal methods for extracting low-grade and complex heavy metals from electroplating sludge (actual solid waste sample from Zhejiang Province, China) in terms of Selective ammonia treatment process (SAP), efficient acid treatment process (EAP) and roasting-acid treatment process (RAP) were investigated. In comparison, EAP was more advanced in extracting heavy metals from actual samples than SAP and RAP. It was noticed, by optimizing the separation and purification process, when the acid concentration was 5 % and the liquid–solid ratio was 10:1 with the assistance of effective extractants of Lix984N and P507, the purity and recovery rates for both copper and zinc products could reach to over 90 %, meanwhile, more than 80 % recovery rates of nickel products could be obtained. And compared with some existing related studies, the research process has the advantages of simpler operation mode and better separation effect, which offers the valuable insights into efficient separation and recovery of heavy metal resources from electroplating sludge. The methodology employed in this work can be easily applied to other solid/hazardous waste extraction processes.

Formulation of Novel Microbial Consortia for Rapid Composting of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste: An Approach in the Circular Economy

Urbanization and rapid industrialization have led to the escalation of municipal solid waste generation and accumulation. Composting is widely recognized as a sustainable solution for solid waste management. However, its long-term investment is considered a disadvantage. The present research study discusses the rapid biotransformation of solid waste into valorized compost. Bacteria were isolated from soil, solid waste, and leachate samples from open dump sites. From the 18 different bacterial consortia created using potential isolates, the five most promising consortia were selected based on concurrent different enzyme production. These selected consortia were incorporated into typical compost bins with Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Daily monitoring of enzymatic activity, pH, conductivity, bulk density, moisture, and temperature, along with other composting parameters, was conducted. The study’s results demonstrated that consortium No. 5, comprising Bacillus haynesii, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus safensis, exhibited significant (p<0.05) enzyme activity of cellulase, amylase, lipase and proteinase enzymes during composting compared to the control and other treatment setups. Consortium No. 5 also facilitated rapid and successful composting, as evidenced by significant alterations of composting parameters by exhibiting a shorter average composting time, reducing it from 110±10 days to 20±3 days, showcasing the potential applicability of formulated bacterial consortium as a sustainable and greener approach to the global solid waste problem. The novelty of this study lies in the isolation of local bacterial strains from open dump sites soil, MSW, and MSW leachate samples, which were then utilized in the composting organic fraction of MSW, enhancing the potential for effective waste management.

Sustainable integrated solid waste management for a university campus − A case study of the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA), Nigeria

This study provides valuable insights into the waste composition, generation rates, and opportunities for improving the current solid management practices of a university campus in Sub-Saharan Africa. Representative points were selected within the campus to collect solid waste (SW). The SW were sampled following ASTM D5231-92. The quadrant method prescribed by ASTM D 6323 was used to reduce about 150 kg of collected waste to 50 kg. The SW samples were collected in triplicates and sorted manually to determine their composition. QGIS, a geographic information system was utilized to optimize waste collection efficiency, optimal collection points, and the number of waste bins. The average daily solid waste generation at FUTA was 952.3 kg, with polythene and paper waste constituting the largest proportions at 26 % and 24 %, respectively. The waste generation rate per capita was estimated at 0.046 kg per day. Remarkably, 81 % of the waste generated at FUTA has the potential for recycling. This offers a viable potential for promoting sustainable integrated solid waste management (SISWM). The study proposes optimising waste collection points from the initial 42 to 97, considering the proximity to buildings and transportation routes. The study did not consider fluctuations in waste generation rates and composition throughout the seasons, yet the data gathered is considered adequate for this initial survey. Lack of collaboration, adequate policies, funds, infrastructure, and political will are among the impediments to SISWM in FUTA. The introduction of colour-coded waste separation bins, and assigning different colours to specific waste types, can promote proper waste disposal and facilitate recycling. Also, engaging the university community through workshops and seminars can foster such behavioural change. Collaboration with local entrepreneurs and recycling centres is another essential aspect of this paradigm shift. Such partnerships can explore innovative solutions for upcycling polythene waste and create waste-to-wealth pathways. Initial challenges of an insufficient policy framework for university- small scale enterprises (SME) engagement and the lack of business growth models could be addressed by promoting relevant skill development and motivational tasking of the existing entrepreneurship faculty. By implementing the proposed strategies and embracing circular economy (CE) principles, FUTA can reduce its environmental impact, promote recycling, and foster a culture of sustainability and entrepreneurial value creation on campus and beyond.

Harnessing Abuja's Municipal Solid Waste as a Renewable Energy Source: Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis

A study of Abuja’s municipal solid waste (MSW) samples using the scanning electron microscopy analysis was undertaken in this work. In the face of the severe energy poverty being experienced in Nigeria which largely depends on diminishing fossil fuel resources coupled with the associated problem of greenhouse gas emission, the energy potential available in municipal solid wastes needs to be investigated. Using MSW as a fuel source for electric energy production will also positively impact on Abuja’s waste management. This present study requires the analysis of the MSW with aim of confirming that products of its incineration will not be hazardous to the environment. ASTM E 1508 procedures for utilizing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) were followed to identify elements that would be contained in the bottom ash of the incineration process of samples of Abuja’s municipal solid wastes obtained from selected districts of the city. Elemental composition of the bottom ash that will be formed from incineration of Abuja’s MSW was obtained by the use of energy dispersive x-ray analysis. The micrographs plotted indicate that silicon and iron are the principal elements present in the samples with values for silicon and iron being highest at 49.5 and 19.55%, respectively, for the sample from Dutse-Alhaji. The tests also show the presence of silver in the organic wastes generated in Abuja, while presence of sulphur is very minimal. The silicon levels present in Abuja’s municipal solid waste compare well with values for Nigerian coals which have percent silicon contents ranging from 39.0 – 49.4% (Enugu coal – 39.0%; Okaba – 44.8%; Maiganga – 49.4%). The test results also show that Abuja’s MSW samples had grain sizes ranging from 3.5 mm 16 mm. The results indicate Abuja’s MSW combustion rate will be lower than for pulverised coal which is known to have much lower grain size in the range of 75 μm to 106 μm and will need shredding before firing since grain size is a very critical determinant factor in solid fuel combustion rate and burn-out time. The tests conclusively show that Abuja’s MSW will be a more environmentally friendly fuel than coal because of its lower sulphur content.

Effect of geomembrane liner on landfill stability under long-term loading: interfacial shear test and numerical simulation.

Clay liners have been widely used in landfill engineering. However, large-scale clay excavation causes secondary environmental damage. This study investigates the feasibility of replacing clay liners with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes with different specifications and parameters. Laboratory interface shear tests between municipal solid waste (MSW) samples of different ages and geomembranes were conducted to study the influence of landfill age on interface shear strength. Finite element method was adopted to compare the long-term stability of landfills with HDPE geomembrane versus clay as intermediate liner. The interfacial shear test results show that the cohesion of MSW increases in a short term and then decreases with landfill age. The internal friction angle exhibits an increasing trend with advancing age, however, the rate of its increment declines withage.The rough accuracy of the film surface can increase the interfacial shear strength between MSW. The simulation results show that, unlike clay-lined landfills, the sliding surface of geomembrane-lined landfills is discontinuous at the lining interface, which can delay the penetration of slip surfaces and block the formation of slip zone in the landfill. In addition, the maximum displacement of landfills with geomembrane is 10% lower than that with clay, and the absolute displacement of slope toe decreases with the increase of roughness at the interface of geomembrane. Compared with clay-lined landfills, the overall stability safety factor increased by 18.5-30%. This study provides references for landfill design and on-site stability evaluation, contributing to enhanced long-term stability.

Evaluation of the Fertilizing Power of Sludge from Physicochemical Water Purification Stations: Case of the Yato Station, Littoral-Cameroon

The Yato physicochemical water purification station is located in the commune of Dibombari in the Littoral-Cameroon region. It is one of the largest drinking water production stations in the Central African sub-region. This work aims to evaluate the agronomic power of the sludge from this drinking water production station. To achieve this objective, mixed samples of sludge from sludge treatment basins (taken according to the technique described in GIDS-A003 point 6 as explained in the Solid and pasty waste sampling strategy of the Code of Good Practice No. 2). and primary settling basins (collected in transparent 1.5L polyethylene terephthalate bottles) were analyzed. Likewise, three soil samples (marsh, Point 1 and Point 2) were taken and then sent to the laboratory where physicochemical analyzes were carried out. The characteristics of the samples that were analyzed are: particle size, texture (sand, silt, clay) and physicochemistry (organic matter, CEC, sum of exchangeable bases, calcium, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium). The results obtained show that the soils exposed to contamination from the sludge of the station have better agronomic properties both on a physical level with a stable structure favorable to plant growth and good aeration unlike the soils far from the station which presented a high risk. degradation; that on the chemical level with an optimal cationic balance, a high reserve of exchangeable bases, a strong CEC but average limitations in assimilable phosphorus and pH unlike the soil far from the station which presented an insufficiency of potassium which did not facilitate a balance cationic, a low CEC but a pH above 5.5 which is the value recommended in agronomy. Biochemically, organic matter is above 2% in all soils, a mineralization rate less than 20 favoring the rapid mineralization of carbon and a release of nitrogen available to the plant. These results obtained allow us to conclude that the sludge from the Yato station can be used in agronomy as an organic fertilizer in order to correct the soil structure, the CEC, the cationic balances and also provide the soil with a good base reserve. However, treating this sludge with lime could regulate the pH of the soil and reduce the mobility of heavy metals in the soil.

Assessment of the Polluting Status of Sludge from a Physicochemical Water Purification Unit and Their Impacts on the Soil: Case of the Yato Station (Littoral-Cameroon)

The Yato physicochemical water purification station is located in Dibombari District Council in the Littoral-Cameroon region. It is one of the largest drinking water production stations in the Central African sub-region. This work aims to evaluate, through the quantification of the concentrations of Trace Metal Elements (TMEs), the polluting status of the sludge from this drinking water production station and their impacts on the soil. To achieve this objective, mixed samples of sludge from sludge treatment ponds (taken according to the technique described in GIDS-A003 point 6 as explained in the Solid and pasty waste sampling strategy of Code of Good Practice No. 2) and samples of sludge from primary settling basins (taken in transparent bottles in polyethylene terephthalate of 1.5L) were analysed. Likewise, three soil wells were carried out and soil samples were taken on two levels of alteration then sent to the laboratory where physicochemical and TME analyses were carried out. The characteristics of the samples that were analysed are: particle size, texture (sand, silt, clay), physiochemistry (pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, phosphorus, nitrogen) and TME (chromium, copper, zinc, manganese). The results obtained show that the polluting status of the sludge from the Yato station is proven because their pollution index by heavy metals is greater than 1. The pollution index greater than 1 in the sludge from the treatment basins is due to the strong concentrations of TME originating from the accumulation of waste of all kinds in this location. Overall, TME concentrations in soils decrease for the most part from the surface towards depth. All the TMEs studied (Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr) are present in all horizons. There is multiple contamination of sludge by TMEs because their pollution index is greater than 1 (IP>1). Although the sludge pollution indices are greater than 1, those of the different horizons are much lower than 1. Thus, since the TMEs decrease with depth, the subsurface horizons would be less affected by the pollutants contained in the station sludge. marking a real pollution of the surface layers.

Determination of ecotoxicant substances in hard wastes caused by hydrogen purification process of petroleum oils

The article analyzes the amount of dissolved ecotoxicants in the sample taken from the solid wastes obtained during the process of hydrogenation of petroleum oils. Solid waste is the processed or burned waste of AlCoMo and AlCoNi catalysts used during the process. The amount of volatile ecotoxicants in the solid waste sample was specified by spectral methods and shown in tabular form. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to assess the environmental impact of solid wastes generated during the technological process at the hydrogen oil treatment plant.

Potential of Reduction Solid Waste from Office Building (Case Study: Gedung Polda Jambi)

Solid waste management in building can be managed with the waste management policy and waste management practice tools. It is contained in the concept of green building. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential reduce of solid waste in office buildings which is managed by waste management policy and waste management practice tools, and provide scheme recommendations for solid waste management for office buildings the object of this study is Jambi Regional Police Office Building. The methodology was a survey method with solid waste sampling (SNI 19-3964-1994) in Building A, Building B, Canteen and Garden Area and Parking The sampling did for 8 days. Quantitative and quantitative parameters were obtained from the calculation of the generation and composition of solid waste, and also interviews. The results for the generation of solid waste on Jambi Regional Police Office Building: 40.40 kg/day or 0.027 kg/person.day (consist of 45% organic, 28% inorganic, 26% paper and B3 0.7% and others 0.3%). Recommendations scheme can be given for solid waste management in the form of the application of waste management practice tools are started from modification of the waste into separate, collection is done as often as possible, solid waste treatment is done composting and sales to waste banks. The potential for reducing solid waste if the waste management policy and practice tools are applied is 85.64% to 5.8 kg/day.

Optimization of uranium alkaline leaching from the solid waste sample containing high fluoride and nitrate by response surface methodology experimental design

به منظور فروشویی قلیایی اورانیم از پسماند جامد، از محلول حاوی کربنات استفاده می‌­شود. زمان، دما و سرعت هم­‌زدن (پارامترهای مستقل) و غلظت کل کربنات، نسبت کربنات به بی­کربنات و نسبت حجم شوینده مایع به وزن پسماند جامد (L/S) (پارامترهای وابسته) از جمله پارامترهای مؤثر در فرایند فروشویی هستند. بهینه‌­سازی پارامترهای مستقل به شیوه یک متغیر در زمان (OVAT) انجام گرفت و پارامترهای وابسته نیز با کمک نرم‌­افزار MINITAB و با استفاده از روش طراحی آزمایش مختلط مرکزی در وجه (FCCD) به صورت هم­‌زمان بررسی شدند. پودر پسماند جامد توسط EDAX، SEM و XRD آنالیز گردید و آنالیز عنصری نمونه­‌ها نیز پس از انحلال کامل توسط ICP-OES صورت پذیرفت. مدت زمان 5/0 ساعت، سرعت چرخش هم‌زن 150 دور بر دقیقه، دمای اتاق، غلظت‌­های 09/0، 01/0 و 1/0 مولار (به ترتیب) برای کربنات و بی­کربنات سدیم و کل کربنات، همراه با نسبت‌­های 9/1 و 20 (به ترتیب) برای نسبت کربنات سدیم به بی‌کربنات سدیم و L/S شرایط بهینه بودند. تکرارپذیری فروشویی پسماند جامد با انجام 4 آزمایش بررسی و مقادیر 2±2/94 و 6/1±15/4 به ترتیب برای متوسط درصد لیچ و جامد باقی‌مانده به­‌دست آمدند. متوسط عیار اورانیم نیز 02/0±09/2 بود.

THE CATALYTIC EFFECT OF ZINC-OXIDE (ZNO) ON THE KINETICS OF COMBUSTION REACTIONS OF SOLID WASTE MATERIALS

This study aims to determine the catalytic effect of ZnO on the kinetics of the decomposition reaction of burning solid waste. ZnO catalyst was chosen because it has high mobility and reactivity. samples were prepared and randomly selected consisting of 12 types of inorganic waste and 10 types of organic waste. The research instrument uses (DTA) Differential Thermal Analysis proximate testing. From this test the data in the form of a mass decrease graph will be analyzed descriptively. The description of the data is displayed through the TG-DTG curve and the calculation of the activation energy (Ea) using the fitting model. the DTG curve identifies three peaks indicating the decomposition stages of the three components have different characteristics. The decomposed components are 1. lignocellulosic organic and low stability organic components, 2. Volatile substances from plastic components, 3. hydrocarbon residues and ash reformation. The combustion temperature increases in samples with high catalyst concentrations, but the burnout temperature decreases in samples with high catalyst concentrations. The DTA curve shows the increased reactivity of samples with high catalyst concentrations. Oxidative reactions which are exothermic/external heating increase in samples with high catalyst concentrations. The catalytic effect on the addition of zinc-oxide (ZnO) catalyst concentration to the components showed a decrease in the hydrocarbon component and an increase in the short chain hydrocarbon component. Increasing the concentration of zinc-oxide (ZnO) catalyst in the sample increases the activation energy. However, overall the addition of catalyst concentration in the combustion of organic-inorganic solid waste samples was able to reduce the activation energy at the end of the combustion reaction

Physicochemical Characterisation of Abuja’s Municipal Solid Wastes as a Renewable Energy Resource

Physical and chemical composition analyses of Abuja’s municipal solid waste samples have been carried out in this study. Laboratory procedures were employed to determine the higher calorific value, the proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of MSW samples from selected districts of Abuja metropolis. An analytical methodology was therefore employed to determine whether the city’s MSW will be good resource for energy generation as a strategy for effective waste management. Abuja’s MSW has an aggregate higher heating value of 38.13MJ/kg. Moisture content of less than 8% obtained for all the samples compares very well with values for Nigerian coals. Volatile matter was found to be above than 60% for each samples tested while fixed carbon was determined to be less than 26% for each sample. The MSW samples gave excellent results for ash content of less than 4% when compared to most Nigerian coals with minimum ash content of 10.72%. The ultimate analysis shows the MSW samples compares fairly well with Nigerian coal samples in terms of elemental carbon, the least value being 41.80%. The least value for elemental carbon in most coal samples is 53.27%. Also, the sulphur content of the MSW samples is much less (not higher than 0.15%), compared with the least value of 0.58% for the coal samples. All the factors considered above indicate that the Abuja’s MSW will perform very well as a primary solid fuel when incinerated for energy recovery. The economic significance of this study lies in the confirmation that Abuja’s MSW is a good and cheap source of energy for electric power generation, replacing the expensive fossil fuel sources with their attendant hazardous emission to the environment. This will make the study area to be a cleaner and healthier environment.

Assessment of the impact of moisture content on the heating value of Municipal solid waste from Kabagarame dumping site in Bushenyi District, Uganda

Modern management of waste around the world has moved from waste disposal to energy recovery through WtE. Technologies that can be utilized to recover energy from MSW mainly include thermal conversion processes such as incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, biochemical conversion processes and chemical conversion. This study focused on the impact of moisture content on the heating value of Municipal solid waste from Kabagarame dumping site in Bushenyi District, Uganda. Specifically, wet solid waste samples were analyzed and the impact of moisture content on the heating value was evaluated. This study evaluated the impact of moisture content on the heating value of the waste. The result showed that dry matter gives out more energy than wet matter. The Gross energy content of the MSW on wet basis when compared to the Gross energy content on dry basis is observed to be lower. This is attributed to the fact that the moisture content in the waste lowers the heating value of the waste by absorbing the heat thereby reducing the relative efficiency of heating when the solid waste is combusted. In, wet season, there should be a temporary roof at the dumping site to shelter the municipal solid waste so as to minimize exposure of the waste to moisture as this significantly lowers the Energy content of the waste. Keywords: Moisture content, heating value, solid waste and dumping site

Analysis and Characterization of the Solid Waste from Kabagarame Dumping site in Bushenyi District, Uganda.

Poor municipal solid waste management poses a very big threat to the environment as well as human health through the production of leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. This research focused on analyzing and characterizing solid waste at the Kabagarame dumping site in the district of Bushenyi, in Uganda. Specifically, wet solid waste samples were characterized and analyzed. The results revealed organics (45.25 %), food waste (24.17 %), inorganics (12.54 %), this was followed by plastics (11.38 %), mixed paper (2.88 %), glass of all kinds (2.36 %) and wood of all kinds (1.42 %). The findings also suggest that understanding the composition of municipal solid waste is essential for creating the best disposal strategy for recovering resources trapped in waste. Keywords: Characterization, solid waste, Kabagarame, and dumping site

Evaluation of the heating (Calorific) value of municipal wet solid waste from Kabagarame Dumping site in Bushenyi District, Uganda.

Modern management of waste around the world has moved from waste disposal to energy recovery through WtE. Technologies that can be utilized to recover energy from MSW via thermal conversion processes such as incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, biochemical conversion processes and chemical conversion. The aim of this research was to evaluate the heating (calorific) value of municipal wet solid waste from Kabagarame dumping site in Bushenyi District, Uganda. Wet solid waste samples were analyzed, the heating value of the wastes were evaluated. The results showed that other organics had the highest calorific value of 26.22 MJ/kg, followed by paper 16.60 MJ/kg, followed by food waste 16.51MJ/kg and then wood 16.14 MJ/kg on dry matter basis. The results on the heating value on wet basis showed that other organics had the highest calorific value of 12.82 MJ/kg, followed by paper 14.04 MJ/kg, followed by food waste 13.66 MJ/kg and then wood 9.89 MJ/kg. The heating value of plastics was not obtained since they are recovered from the dumping site and recycled. This energy can be harnessed by different production facilities particularly Tea factories in the region through incineration process so as to generate heat necessary for their production processes. In conclusion, results from this research also suggest that understanding the composition of municipal solid waste is essential for creating the best disposal strategy, so that recovering resources trapped in the wastes can be optimized. It is therefore necessary that energy derived from municipal solid wastes can be taken into account in the national energy budget. Keywords: Heating value, solid waste, Kabagarame and dumping site.