Domestic Solid Waste Research Articles

The reduction the load on the MSW landfill by optimizing the waste management system of residential territories

The article considers the possibility of reducing the load on municipal solid waste landfills in the real conditions of Tyumen. Analysis of the content of bio fermented components in wastes in Tyumen was carried out. A decentralized scheme for collecting, accumulating and disposing of municipal solid waste (MSW) of multi-apartment buildings for the purpose of generating and using methane is given. It is established that the amount of methane produced is sufficient to compensate for the communal needs of apartment buildings. Reduction of anthropogenic impact of landfills of solid domestic waste is possible with the introduction of utilization and use of biogas at the place of waste generation. A project has been developed for the placement of decentralized MSW processing facilities in the area of the existing residential district. Potential options for utilization of methanogenesis products were selected.

A novel spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor for domestic solid waste treatment in rural areas

To meet the requirements of domestic solid waste treatment and technological upgrading of bioreactors, a spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (STASAB) was designed. The STASAB took full advantages of anaerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactors by the sequential alternation of anaerobic and semi-aerobic operation and by recirculation of mixed leachate from different-stage bioreactors. Results indicated that after the start-up stage, the pH of leachate in the STASAB always remained higher than 6.88, even in the hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage. The maximum total nitrogen concentration in the STASAB was 1461 mg·L−1, which was merely half that of the sequentially anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (SASAB) and had no adverse effects on the anaerobic process. Nitrogen removal in the STASAB reached 92.3%–95.5% when operated in the semi-aerobic phase and even reached 49.4% when operated in the anaerobic phase. The peak concentration of chemical oxygen demand was much lower and the anaerobic digestion lag time was much shorter in the STASAB than in the SASAB. The period of rapid biogas production in the STASAB was double that of the SASAB, which resulted in a 70% increase in biogas generation. Moreover, leachate could be exhausted by evaporation in just 3–5 months during the semi-aerobic phase. Therefore, the STASAB can eliminate acidogenic and ammonia inhibition during solid waste treatment, enhance the rate and extent of organic waste decomposition, rapidly initiate methanogenesis, enhance methane generation, and achieve zero leachate discharge (excluding rainfall infiltration). The STASAB is an efficient and feasible technique for treating domestic solid waste in rural areas.

Експериментальне дослідження процесу подрібнення твердих побутових відходів під час зневоднення шнековим пресом

Experimental investigation of the milling process of solid domestic wastes during dewatering by the auger press is an urgent scientific and technical task as one of the components for solving the problem of creation of scientific and technical bases for designing highly efficient working bodies of machines for collecting and primary processing of solid domestic wastes. The purpose of the investigation is to determine the regression models of indicators of technological milling process of solid domestic wastes during dewatering in a garbage truck with the auger press from the main parameters of influence. The investigation used the method of analysis of literary sources, the method of sieve analysis, as well as the planning of the experiment by the Box–Wilson method of the second order. The analysis of literary sources on solid domestic wastes management confirmed the need for their milling. There has been conducted the experimental investigation of the milling process of solid domestic wastes during dewatering by the auger press. Adequate quadratic regression dependences of such indicators of the milling process as the residue on the sieve and the energy intensity of milling of solid domestic wastes were obtained from the main parameters of influence, such as average particle size, initial relative density of solid domestic wastes, diameter of the auger core at the last coil. The adequacy of the regression models was verified according to the Fisher criterion and the significance of the regression coefficients by the Student criterion. The obtained regression models can be used to create a methodology for engineering calculations of the parameters of machines and mechanisms for milling solid domestic wastes as a component of the scientific and technical basis of designing highly efficient working bodies of machines for the collection and primary processing of solid domestic wastes. The response surfaces of the target functions is constructed — the residue on the sieve and the energy intensity of milling of solid domestic wastes and their two-dimensional cross sections in the planes of the impact parameters, which allow to clearly illustrate the dependence of these target functions on the individual impact parameters.

Use of Dynamic Geophysical Tests to Assess the Hazard Associated with Landfills of Solid Industrial and Domestic Waste

Use of Dynamic Geophysical Tests to Assess the Hazard Associated with Landfills of Solid Industrial and Domestic Waste

The structural and technical solution for precipitation moisture reducing

One of the main problems in Russia is an acute shortage of free land for the disposal of solid domestic waste and sewage sludge. The treatment and removal of precipitation is a major problem in wastewater treatment. Urban sewage treatment plants were built on model projects in the 1970s, in which natural dehydration on silt areas was provided. Sludge dehydration on silt areas of sewage treatment plants of medium and high capacity is impossible due to the lack of free land areas. The major drawback of this method is the rejection of significant land areas, contamination of the geo-environment, the release of pollutants into the air, as well as the loss of land resources. In sludge processing and utilization, it is necessary to achieve minimum damage to the environment and to increase the possibility of using it on behalf of the national economy. The adoption of new technology and processing of sediments allowed to reduce the initial amount of precipitation by 4 times and to reduce the humidity from 97% to 83%, the amount of sludge formed at the treatment facilities will decrease by 6 times (from 300 m3/day to 50 m3/day) as a result of dehydration of the filter presses, the will be a reduction in the surface concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere from 5,4 tons per year to 2,9 tons per year.

Методи і моделі космічного моніторингу зон впливу полігонів твердих побутових відходів на довкілля

Методи і моделі космічного моніторингу зон впливу полігонів твердих побутових відходів на довкілля

Environmental and technical and economic indicators of methods of solid domestic waste recovery

The paper analyzes the waste recovery methods. The comparison of the recovery and processing technologies of solid domestic waste is made. The most effective technologies are proposed from the point of view of ecology, specific capital investments, profitability. Analysis of the research results showed that the pyrolysis technology for the neutralization and recovery of domestic waste is the best according to technical and economic and environmental indicators. The calculation of the economic pay-back is carried out using the example of the waste recovery plant construction by the pyrolysis method in the Arkhangelsk region. The calculation took into account all costs associated with the construction and operation of the plant, including capital investments, maintenance and removal of waste, as well as their storage. At the same time, the item of income was formed both at the expense of obligatory of the Arkhangelsk region resident payments for the domestic waste removal, and at the expense of additional financial revenues from electricity and secondary resources (slag, pyrolysis oil, pyro-gas) generated during the recovery process. The project payback period was 7.8 years.

Research on the Morphological Composition of Solid Domestic Waste of the City of Khorol in Poltava Region

Research on the Morphological Composition of Solid Domestic Waste of the City of Khorol in Poltava Region

Strategic management directions of solid domestic waste sphere in the Poltava region

Strategic management directions of solid domestic waste sphere in the Poltava region

Households as Sources Contributing the Most to Urban Solid Wastes Production: Implications for a Better Management and Disposal

Households are the sources contributing the most to the production of urban solid wastes in developing countries. The present study analyses the generation of domestic solid wastes in a settlement in Mexico in two different years. The goals were to compare composition and rates of generation into the periods to assess changes and the influence of socioeconomic variables. In 1998 and 2004, wastes from households were sampled of three socioeconomic levels randomly selected, and a survey was applied. Data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and multivariate analysis. Results of generation rate and composition of domestic solid wastes showed a negative correlation between generation and income in the first one, but positive in the second one; in both, composition did not show correlation. Rates of per capita generation, per household, population and density of inhabitants per dwelling increased, and the generation of wastes were more with respect to population growth, which emphasizes the influence of economic and demographic variables. This study corroborates that households are the principal sources of urban solid wastes and it is emphasized that management strategies must preponderate households to be successful. In addition, this information is important to establish strategies for an integral management of urban solid wastes in developing countries.

МОНІТОРИНГ АНТРОПОГЕННО ПОРУШЕНИХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО ПОЛІГОНУ ТВЕРДИХ ПОБУТОВИХ ВІДХОДІВ

МОНІТОРИНГ АНТРОПОГЕННО ПОРУШЕНИХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ ЛЬВІВСЬКОГО ПОЛІГОНУ ТВЕРДИХ ПОБУТОВИХ ВІДХОДІВ

Fuel Cell Based Power-Generating Installations: State of the Art and Future Prospects

Specific features of power-generating installations constructed using different types of fuel cells are considered. Problems and trends of their development in Russia and abroad are analyzed. Fuel cell commercialization lines, their application niches, and the most well-known projects of constructing and exploiting fuel cell-based power-generating installations are described. Special attention is paid to analyzing the specific features pertinent to the domestic market of fuel cells and prospects of different lines of their application taking into account competition from other energy sources. Conclusions about the most topical development lines of the considered technologies under the conditions of Russia are drawn with due regard to the available groundwork as well as technical and economic aspects. It is pointed out that the main application field of fuel cells in Russia may be distributed generation of electricity, including off-grid supply of power to consumers on the basis of network and liquefied natural gas, liquefied hydrocarbon gases, and also renewable energy sources. In this regard, installations involving combined generation of electricity and heat, including small ones with a capacity of a few tens or hundreds of kilowatts, are of special interest. Prospective market niches for using fuel cells may include pipeline cathodic protection stations, utilization of biogas obtained, e.g., in reprocessing domestic waste, emergency and uninterruptible power supply systems, propulsion power installations of air drones, auxiliary power installations with a capacity of 1–3 kW, and utilization of hydrogen rejected from chemical production facilities. In view of existing groundwork and cooperation, concentration of efforts aimed at developing solid oxide, solid polymeric, and alkaline fuel cells in Russia seems to be the most topical issue. The use of molten carbonate fuel cells may be of considerable practical interest for reclaiming landfill gas at solid domestic waste landfills and at aeration fields, a problem that is an issue for many cities in the country; such cells can also be used for concentrating and extracting CO2 from fuel gases.

Factors Associated with Composting of Solid Waste at Household Level in Masaka Municipality, Central Uganda.

The domestic solid waste stream composition of urban settings in many developing countries including Uganda is largely biodegradable in nature, and thus, composting provides the most suitable solid waste management option for these wastes. However, there is limited information about waste composting at the household level and associated determinants in Uganda. A cross-sectional study was employed to collect quantitative data from 368 residents of Masaka municipality, Central Uganda. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used which assessed knowledge, perceptions, and practices of composting. Data were analysed using STATA 13.0, and binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors that influence composting at the household level. Of the 368 participants, 11.4% were engaged in composting. Factors associated with household level composting were age of 46 years and above (aOR = 2.69, 95% CI = (1.06–6.80)), possession of a garden (aOR = 28.88, 95% CI = (3.85–216.72)), engagement in waste segregation (aOR = 5.56, 95% CI = (2.25–13.86)), and periurban residence (aOR = 3.81, 95% CI = (1.78–8.16)). The practice of composting at the household level was low. This therefore highlights the need for urban authorities to develop initiatives for promoting composting at the household level while considering the identified predictors associated with composting.

Study of inland ship water pollution control policy strategy based on Game theory

Sanitary sewage, oily wastewater, toxicant containing wastewater, and domestic solid wastes are major pollutants from ships threating inland water bodies. These pollutants are in significant volumes and wide ranges. Therefore, great efforts have been invested in inland ship water pollution control policy and regulations. A local ship pollution control decision evolution Game model based on bounded rationality is established to obtain the key factors affecting decision-making by ships in water pollution control include cost for pollution control, subsidies and credits, administrative supervision and punishment, while key factors affecting decision-making by authorities include cost for administrative supervision and pressures from supervisors caused by not taking supervisions, thus providing recommendations on policy and measures for inland ship pollution. This study provides references for establishment of inland ship pollution control system.

RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDE TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED QUARTERS IN OWO, ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

This work appraised residents attitude to domestic solid waste management in selected quarters in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. It identified types of domestic solid waste generated and examined the residents’ perception of waste management at the three selected quarters in Owo which include Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Area, GRA and Iloro Quarters. Data were obtained directly from the targeted population using structured questionnaire and personal observations. The questions provided in the questionnaire were directed to the household population in the area. Meanwhile, photography was used for on-the-spot assessment of the conditions of some domestic solid waste spots in the study area. For the purpose of this research, systematic random sampling technique was adopted in the administration of questionnaire on residents of the three selected quarters in Owo, Ondo State. The univariate techniques of data analysis in form of tables, and photographs which describes the necessary features of the data set. Larger percentage of the respondents emptied their receptacles when it is filled. The research recommended that the federal government of Nigeria should partner with International Development Agencies to improve domestic solid waste management in the area.

Potential for Methane Generation by Lignocellulosic Household Waste

The contribution of domestic lignocellulosic waste and its potential for biodegradation by components, for each category of paper and cardboard, have scarcely been reported. To achieve integral proposals, for managing this type of waste, is essential to know each individual contribution to the “paper and cardboard” category. The objective of this study was to characterize the paper and cardboard waste from the domestic solid waste stream, in the city of Morelia, Mexico, and estimate its methane generation potential (CH4). The generation of lignocellulosic waste was studied in a housing complex of social interest. The domestic lignocellulosic residues (DLW) that were chemically characterized were derived from paper and cardboard. The average daily generation was 0.5 kg/inhabitant. The highest content of lignin was found in newspaper (24.5%), and toilet paper was the material with the lowest lignin content (1%). The bond paper had a DLW of higher YCH4, when degraded anaerobically, in a semi-solid phase and a mesophilic regime. The variety of paper and cardboard, such as DLW, presented differences in their generation (kg/person), chemical composition (lignin content), and their potential for anaerobic biodegradability.

Análisis Estadístico De Los Residuos Sólidos Domésticos De La Parroquia San Sebastian Del Coca Del Cantón Joya De Los Sachas

A statistical analysis was carried out on the characterization of domestic solid waste that was generated in the San Sebastian del Coca parish which belongs to the Canton Joya de los Sachas. This paper focuses on quantifying the generation of solid waste, calculating the per capita production, determining the composition and density of solid waste, and characterizing the amount and composition of the DSW generated by the samples taken from the San Sebastián del Coca parish. 48 families were chosen to carry out the research with an average of 4 inhabitants per family for a total of 192 people. As for the methodology, the simple random sampling method was used. A total of 96 dwellings samples that were obtained directly from the dwellings was chosen to be part of the study sample. The results showed that the generation of solid waste, in other words the PPC of domestic solid waste, was 0.87 kg/inhab/day. This is with a total of 167.04 kg/day, which were collected by collector trucks and disposed according to the ordinance of the canton. The characterization of domestic solid waste in the parish has organic waste located in the first place with 78.2%. Next was the generation of plastic bags with 6.19%. This, therefore, was followed by cardboard with 5%, plastic 7.7%, and paper with 2.99%.

Concept and Features of Legal Regime of Land for Domestic Waste Landfills

The article is devoted to the concept and legal features of legal regime of solid domestic waste landfills, including legal relationship in the field of land remediation of solid domestic waste landfills after their termination. Basing on analysis of the special literature and the current legislation of Ukraine it is proposed to make amendments to the current Land Code of Ukraine, which enables to realize the goals and tasks of the modern state, regional, local, and objective environmental policy in practice.

Kajian Pengelolaan Sampah Berdasarkan Daya Dukung dan Kapasitas Tampung Prasarana Persampahan Kota Depok

Depok City can only manage about 56.22% from total of 1,286 tons of its daily solid waste. The amount increases everyday that it becomes more concerning to apply solid waste management. The objective of this research is to analyze solid waste management based on the carrying capacity and the storage capacity of waste infrastructures in Depok City. Methods of this study were the suitability between supply and demand of domestic solid waste and the waste infrastructures, Integrated Risk Based Approach (IRBA) and literature study. This study shows that Depok City government has a good system in solid waste management but still needs to improve the quantity and capacity of the infrastructures. Garbage banks can reduce 20% of the inorganic waste and the Organic Waste Processing Unit (Unit Pengolahan Sampah Organik/UPS) has low index carrying capacity of 0.26, which can reduce 3.64% of organic waste. The IRBA shows that Cipayung landfill has moderate danger. The numbers of waste infrastructures required at each district in Depok City shall be equipped, so that the amount of waste disposed to Cipayung landfill can be reduced.

Evaluation of solid waste management system in ‘X’ hospital, Cilegon city, Banten

Health service activities by the hospital produce a waste of any activity in the form of medical activities and non-medical activities. The purpose of this research is to analyze the solid waste management system in 'X' Hospital, Cilegon City, Banten. The result showed that the source of solid waste generated were classified into 2 types, namely 2% of medical waste and 98% non medical, where the waste treatment process included sorting, characteristic wastage, transporting garbage to TPS, weighing, temporary storage and transportation. The method of handling solid, B3 and domestic solid waste in 'X' Hospital is done in each unit which is sorting according to its characteristic, but still finding the placement of waste which is not in accordance with its characteristic and solid waste processing process is not done by the hospital but given to a third party. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effort to evaluate the solid waste management of 'X' Hospital must refer to the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1204 / Menkes/ SK / X / 2004 on Hospital Health Requirements and need to improve supervision and good cooperation with nurses and janitors in the separation of medical and non-medical waste.