Solar Energy Solutions Research Articles

The Role of PbCoS Quantum Dots in Improved Photovoltaic Efficiency

<p>The quest for efficient, sustainable solar energy solutions has propelled the exploration of novel materials with enhanced photovoltaic properties. This study delves into the synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic application of cobalt-doped lead sulfide (PbCoS) quantum dots (QDs) deposited on titanium dioxide (TiO2) substrates. Employing a hot-injection method, we synthesized PbCoS QDs and characterized their structural, compositional, and optical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The QDs demonstrated a cubic crystal structure with an average size of 20.12 nm and exhibited a direct band gap of 1.91 eV, indicative of quantum confinement effects and improved absorption in the visible spectrum. The photovoltaic performance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) incorporating PbCoS QDs was assessed through current density-voltage (J-V) measurements, revealing a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.17%. This efficiency highlights the potential of PbCoS QDs to enhance the performance of QDSSCs, partly attributed to the impact of cobalt doping on the electronic structure and photovoltaic properties of the material. The study identifies gaps in current research, such as the optimization of cobalt doping levels and the exploration of interface engineering between QDs and substrates, pointing towards future directions for enhancing the efficiency and applicability of PbCoS-based photovoltaic devices.</p>

Exploring Solar Energy Solutions for Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Degradation: Advancements and Future Directions in Photocatalytic Processes

Concerns about per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pollution are escalating globally due to the discovery of their widespread environmental distribution, accompanied by their migration, bioaccumulation, and toxic potential for plants, animals, and humans. Several technologies have been developed for their remediation since standard water treatment methods often fail. However, these approaches require large energy consumption and, at times, exacerbate environmental issues. In this context, photocatalytic degradation holds promise as a reliable technological solution for PFAS mineralization. However, to date, it primarily relies on the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid using high‐energy gap semiconductor oxides that necessitate high‐power artificial ultraviolet sources for excitation and, at times, the use of strong chemical oxidants. This review examines chemical‐free catalysts and mechanisms recently documented in the literature to outline a roadmap for the realization of solar‐driven mineralization of all PFAS compounds. To this end, conventional wide‐bandgap semiconductor oxides are delved into and strategies to extend their spectral absorbance while enhancing charge separation with a focus on the proposed degradation pathways are explored, that are fundamental to designing technologically relevant photodegradation systems.

Pyrrolidinium Derivative‐Based Ionic Liquid Achieves Defect Passivation for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Exceeding 23%

In the rapidly developing field of photovoltaics, organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites are outstanding for their exceptional power conversion efficiencies (PCE), exceeding 26%. However, the full potential of these materials is often undermined by the prevalence of defects within their structure and at the grain surfaces, leading to significant nonradiative recombination losses. To meet this critical challenge, this study introduces a novel strategy involving a pyrrolidinium derivative and tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid, specifically 2‐pyrrolidin‐1‐ium‐1‐ethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (PyE(BF4)2), as an additive in the perovskite precursor. This approach aims to meticulously control crystallization processes and effectively passivate defects on the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite. The formation of N─H…I− hydrogen bonds and strong ionic interactions, PyE(BF4)2 not only stabilizes the [PbI6]4− framework but also optimizes the valence band alignment with the hole transport layer. Empirical results demonstrate that perovskite solar cells modified with PyE(BF4)2 have achieved a notable PCE of 23.80% and remarkable stability exceeding 1300 h under standard testing protocols (ISOS‐V‐1). The findings emphasize the transformative potential of multifunctional ionic liquids in enhancing the performance and durability of perovskite‐based photovoltaic devices, marking a significant step forward in pursuing sustainable and efficient solar energy solutions.

Revolutionizing Energy Harvesting: Harnessing Ambient Solar Energy for Enhanced Electric Power Generation

The escalating demand for sustainable and renewable energy sources has propelled the exploration of ambient solar energy as a pivotal avenue for cleaner power generation. This review paper delves into the intricacies of solar energy harvesting technologies, providing a comprehensive analysis of principles, efficiency metrics, material advancements, and versatile applications. Focusing on the photovoltaic effect as the cornerstone of solar cells, the critical impact of semiconductor material selection and bandgap engineering on efficiency is thoroughly examined. Key performance measures such as fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current are emphasized for their pivotal role in evaluating system efficiency. The adaptability of solar energy solutions is exemplified through diverse applications, spanning from portable electronics to large-scale solar farms. Looking towards the future, this review envisions a promising trajectory for solar energy harvesting, driven by continual advancements in technology, material science, and efficiency measures. The insights gleaned from this comprehensive examination are poised to catalyze the development of more efficient and accessible solar energy harvesting technologies. This, in turn, promises to play a significant role in the global transition towards a greener and more sustainable energy landscape, contributing substantively to sustainability, climate mitigation, and an enhanced quality of life worldwide. Keywords: Solar energy harvesting, solar cells, material selection, panel orientation, storage techniques, system integration, case studies.

An optimized approach for solar concentrating parabolic dish based on particle swarm optimization-genetic algorithm

Parabolic dish concentrators have demonstrated the highest thermal and optical efficiencies among the available concentrator options. This paper proposes a novel design approach for fabricating large parabolic dish concentrators by employing compliant petals optimized through Particle Swarm Optimization-Genetic Algorithm (PSO-GA). The design concept involves using cables to pull the outer corners of the petals towards the center, resulting in the creation of finely formed dish mirrors. These mirrors are constructed from thin, optimal-shaped metal petals with highly reflective surfaces. In addition, an analytical model is presented to optimize the bending stiffness of the petals by strategically arranging punched holes using PSO-GA. The proposed design concept is validated through the application of Finite Element Analysis and ray tracing software, specifically LightTools, as well as laboratory experiments. Based on the demonstration with a 1m-diameter parabolic dish, it was observed that a receiver surface with a radius of 3.5 cm could achieve an impressive sunlight collection efficiency of up to 98%. This innovative design approach offers several advantages, including simplified fabrication and transportation of flat mirror elements to field sites, which can potentially lead to cost reductions and highly efficient solar energy solutions.

Enhancing solar hybrid system efficiency in Libya through PSO & flower pollination optimization

The integration and optimization of Concentrated Solar Power-Photovoltaic (CSP-PV) hybrid systems have become a focal point in the field of solar energy research and development. The fusion of the strengths from both forms of power generation in the CSP-PV hybrid system offers the potential to deliver affordable and manageable solar energy solutions. However, the key parameters of the CSP plant can vary in different situations. Taking these variations into account is crucial for optimizing the overall performance of the CSP-PV hybrid system and ensuring its adaptability to different scenarios. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can optimize all the main parameters of the CSP and the hybrid system at the same time. The maximum acquired energy from the CSP is 7 kWh with meeting the objective of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). In this paper utilized the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). method to globally optimize the CSP-PV Hybrid System. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of this method.

Virtual Prosumers and the Impact of Remote Solar Parks on Lithuania’s Buildings Decarbonization Efforts

Abstract To reduce the carbon footprint of buildings, the concept of virtual prosumers (consumers who both consume and produce) using remote solar energy parks represents a novel method in Europe. In 2019, Lithuania became the first country in Europe to introduce a digital platform that enables the buying or renting of parts of a remote solar park, making it the first such platform in the world to operate on a national scale. This study examines the effectiveness of this model in Lithuania, assessing the model’s success, public engagement, and success factors. The main study focus is on evaluating the impact of remote solar parks on the decarbonization of buildings, particularly through the prism of virtual prosumer participation. This study integrates both qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative analysis includes a detailed case study, evaluating the amount of energy produced by two selected remote solar parks in Lithuania, as well as their impact on the carbon dioxide emissions and primary energy use of the two individual houses (a detached house and a unit within an apartment building) connected to these remote power plants. In Case Study A, the renewable primary energy usage was 22.19 kWh/m2 compared to a minimal 0.22 kWh/m2 of non-renewable energy (CO2 emissions 0.0 kgCO2/kWh). Case Study B showed 181.38 kWh/m2 of renewable energy versus 3.63 kWh/m2 of non-renewable energy (CO2 emissions 6.17 kgCO2/kWh). Concurrently, qualitative methods involve analysing the existing legal and economic frameworks in Lithuania and Europe, which either facilitate or impede the prosumer model, in addition to examining the necessary technological infrastructure. Key findings of this study highlight the potential of remote solar energy parks to significantly reduce the carbon emissions of buildings. This model is especially beneficial for structures where onsite solar energy solutions are impractical. It fosters greater inclusivity in adopting renewable energy, enabling a variety of stakeholders to participate in and benefit from clean energy production. However, the study identifies several major challenges, including regulatory restrictions, the need for infrastructure development, a shortage of developers, state contributions, public awareness, and the creation of a unified platform.

Investigation of Solar Energy for Urban Areas and Metropolitan Communities Using Machine Learning

This study explores the assessment of solar panels in urban and community settings through the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machine-Long Short-Term Memory (SVM-LSTM). The objective of this evaluation is to determine the extent to which solar technology benefits these communities. Linear regression is a valuable tool for data analysis when there is a clear linear relationship between inputs and outputs. However, when dealing with non-linear datasets, more sophisticated analysis methods are required. Support Vector Machines (SVM), a machine learning technique rooted in statistical learning theory, offer an effective approach for addressing non-linear regression challenges. The study’s central focus lies in leveraging machine learning techniques to evaluate the viability of solar panels in urban and community contexts. This evaluation utilizes two distinct algorithms, ANN and SVM-LSTM, to assess the impact of solar technology on these communities. By employing advanced machine learning methodologies, the study aims to shed light on whether solar energy solutions hold the potential to significantly benefit urban and community environments. The results of this analysis may have far-reaching implications for sustainable energy adoption in urban areas, paving the way for a more environmentally responsible and energy-efficient future

Sustainable Ecopreneurship: Solar Energy Solutions in Commercial Real Estate

This study delves into the rapid trend of integrating solar energy into the realm of business operations, providing valuable insights into the readiness of provincial business establishments and commercial building owners to embrace solar energy as a viable alternative power resource. This study examines the landscape of factors influencing the adoption of solar energy. These pivotal variables, namely, the comfort of tenants, competitive advantage, and cost-effectiveness, are all identified as central drivers within the thriving commercial real estate industry, signifying a promising shift towards solar energy adoption in the province of Pampanga. The result from the study affirms the paramount importance of tenant comfort, a factor inextricably linked with enhanced profitability. Additionally, the study illuminates the strategic significance of maintaining a sustainable environment, serving as a formidable competitive advantage. By embracing sustainability, businesses can unlock an array of economic benefits, rendering solar energy adoption inherently cost-effective. In sum, the interplay of these independent variables signals a robust relationship poised to usher in the widespread adoption of solar energy as a sustainable alternative power resource. As a prudent and forward-looking recommendation, this study underscores the compelling case for provincial commercial real estate entities to actively embrace the integration of solar panels into their operations. By doing so, they can champion both environmental responsibility and economic viability, reaping the rewards of a progressive and eco-conscious approach.

Investigating the Impact of Partial Shading on Photovoltaic Panels and Enhancing their Efficiency using the Python

This research project focuses on investigating the impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) panels and proposes methods to enhance their efficiency using Python programming. Partial shading can significantly reduce the performance of PV panels by creating imbalances in current and voltage outputs. By leveraging Python's computational capabilities, this study aims to develop simulation models and algorithms that accurately capture the behavior of shaded PV panels. The objectives of this research include building a comprehensive understanding of partial shading effects, developing a Python-based simulation framework, analyzing the impact of different shading patterns on PV panel efficiency, investigating novel techniques to enhance efficiency using Python, and evaluating proposed approaches through simulations and experimental validation. Through this investigation, we aim to contribute to the development of improved strategies for the design and operation of PV systems. By mitigating the negative effects of shading and enhancing PV panel efficiency, we can further promote the adoption of sustainable solar energy solutions. The outcomes of this research have the potential to advance the field of solar energy and facilitate a greener and cleaner future. Also, this paper aims to investigate the impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) panels and explores methods to enhance their efficiency using Python. Partial shading can significantly reduce the overall output of PV systems, leading to suboptimal performance. By analyzing shading patterns and implementing intelligent algorithms, we can optimize PV panel configuration and improve their efficiency. In this study, the Python programming language will be utilized to develop simulation models, perform data analysis, and propose solutions for increasing the efficiency of shaded PV panels.

POWERING RURAL HEALTHCARE WITH SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: A GLOBAL REVIEW OF SOLAR SOLUTIONS

Access to reliable healthcare and sustainable energy remains a global challenge, particularly in rural and underserved communities. This review paper explores the integration of solar energy solutions in rural healthcare settings, shedding light on the transformative impact of this innovative approach. This paper also explores the multifaceted benefits, challenges, and future directions of solar-powered healthcare through a comprehensive examination of the literature. Solar energy solutions in rural healthcare provide reliable power for medical equipment, extend operating hours, and improve lighting, leading to enhanced healthcare services and more accurate diagnoses. Moreover, solar-powered vaccine refrigeration ensures the potency and safety of vaccines, contributing to improved public health outcomes. Financial sustainability is bolstered as solar solutions reduce healthcare costs and offer financial independence to facilities. Environmental sustainability is achieved through reduced carbon footprints and responsible resource use. Beyond healthcare services, solar initiatives empower local communities by creating employment opportunities and enhancing resilience in emergencies. Challenges such as initial costs, maintenance, adverse weather conditions, scalability, and policy hurdles are addressed through innovative financing models, capacity building, climate-resilient solutions, standardized monitoring systems, advocacy, and technological advancements. As the world seeks to achieve universal healthcare and sustainable development, solar-powered healthcare exemplifies the potential of renewable energy to drive positive change. This review paper emphasizes that we can improve healthcare access, quality, and sustainability by harnessing the sun's energy, ultimately illuminating the path toward brighter, healthier, and more equitable rural communities.
 Keywords: Solar Energy, Rural Healthcare, Sustainable Energy, Healthcare Access Renewable Energy, Healthcare Quality, Financial Sustainability, Environmental Sustainability, Future Directions.

Ten questions concerning planning and design strategies for solar neighborhoods

Planning of neighborhoods that efficiently implement active solar systems (e.g., solar thermal technologies, photovoltaics) and passive solar strategies (e.g., daylight control, sunlight access through optimized buildings' morphology, cool pavements, greeneries) is increasingly important to achieve positive energy and carbon neutrality targets, as well as to create livable urban spaces. In that regard, solar neighborhoods represent a virtuous series of solutions for communities that prioritize the exploitation of solar energy, with limited energy management systems. The ten questions answered in this article provide a critical overview of the technical, legislative, and environmental aspects to be considered in the planning and design of solar neighborhoods. The article moves from the categorization of “Solar Neighborhood” and the analysis of the state-of-the-art passive and active solar strategies to the identification of challenges and opportunities for solar solutions’ deployment. Insights into legislative aspects and lessons learned from case studies are also provided. Ongoing trends in solar energy digitalization, competing use of urban surfaces, and multi-criteria design workflows for optimal use of solar energy are outlined, emphasizing how they generate new opportunities for urban planners, authorities, and citizens. A framework is introduced to guide the potential evolution of solar neighborhoods in the next decade and to support the design of urban areas and landscapes with architecturally integrated solar energy solutions.

A Spoonful of Solar to Help the Medicine go Down Exploring Synergies Between Health Care and Energy

Given the wide adoption of decentralized solar energy systems in rural health facilities, this report explores the role of decentralized solar energy interventions in rural health facilities and its linkages to provisioning of health care services, especially for underserved populations. It reviews current decentralized energy interventions across multiple Indian states under different financing, ownership, and operating modes and attempts to understand the lacunae that certain implementation models face in terms of scalability and what conditions are essential to ensure the sustainability of decentralized renewable energy (DRE) systems in rural health facilities in the long run. The report is a culmination of extensive literature review, in-person interviews, field visits to the health facilities, as well as our own experience in supporting development partners to implement decentralized solar energy solutions in India. We studied 22 health facilities that are being powered by decentralized solar energy systems in rural parts of six Indian states—i.e., Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Meghalaya, and Odisha.

The Role of Solar Spectral Beam Splitters in Enhancing the Solar-Energy Conversion of Existing PV and PVT Technologies

The use of photovoltaics (PVs) and/or photo-thermal (PTs) as primary solar-energy solutions is limited by the low solar conversion of PVs due to the spectral mismatch between the incident radiation and/or the PV material. The PTs are curtailed by the limited absorbance and the low thermal conductivity of the working fluid. A possible solution is the use of luminophores able to perform luminescent down-shifting (LDS) conversion and to incorporate them in liquid or solid layers, which act as spectral beam splitters (SBSs). Dispersed in solid polymer layers, luminophores lead to luminescent solar concentrators (LSC). When dispersed in liquid and placed in front of PVs, luminophores act as working fluids and as SBS, leading to hybrid photovoltaic–photo-thermal (PVT) systems. Here, the SBS filters for PV and PVT systems are reviewed. The contribution of luminophores to electrical and thermal energy production is discussed from theoretical, experimental, and economical perspectives. Recent SBS architectural concepts which combine different optical elements are also considered. These architectures can harness the advantageous properties of LSCs, spectral modulators, and hybridisation in a single structure. By combining these different light-management strategies inside of a single structure, an improvement in the electrical and/or thermal energy production can be achieved.

CO2 -Mediated Photocatalytic Chlorine Production Over Bismuth Oxychloride in Chloride Solution.

As one of the most commonly bulky chemicals, chlorine is conventionally manufactured by electrolysis of NaCl solution in the chlor-alkali process, which requires a huge supply of electrical energy. The photocatalytic route to produce chlorine by using solar energy and NaCl solution offers a promising strategy to reduce energy consumption and bring economic benefits. Herein, it was found that the introduction of CO2 would enhance the productivity of Cl2 from 8.24 μmol⋅h-1 to 39.6 μmol⋅h-1 in NaCl solution over BiOCl. Experimental studies reveal that the CO2 species (CO3 2- ) entered into the crystal texture of BiOCl and the interlayer space between [Bi2 O2 ]2+ slabs were increased and distorted, accelerating the cycle of Cl species. Besides, the cycle of carbonate species also existed and accelerated the reaction efficiency of Cl- oxidation to Cl2 . This work provides a new feasible method of using abundant CO2 resources to accelerate the process of chlorine production via photocatalysis.

Overview of the Current State of Flexible Solar Panels and Photovoltaic Materials.

The rapid growth and evolution of solar panel technology have been driven by continuous advancements in materials science. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse range of materials employed in modern solar panels, elucidating their roles, properties, and contributions to overall performance. The discussion encompasses both traditional crystalline silicon-based panels and emerging thin-film technologies. A detailed examination of photovoltaic materials, including monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon as well as alternative materials such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and emerging perovskite solar cells, is presented. Furthermore, the impact of transparent conductive materials, encapsulation polymers, and antireflective coatings on solar panel efficiency and durability is explored. The review delves into the synergistic interplay between material properties, manufacturing processes, and environmental considerations. Through a comprehensive survey of materials utilized in modern solar panels, this paper provides insights into the current state of the field, highlighting avenues for future advancements and sustainable solar energy solutions.

Climate change impact on photovoltaic power potential in South America

Abstract This paper presents the first study of the long-term impact of climate change on photovoltaic potential in South America. This region has great potential for implementing renewable energy, mainly solar energy solutions, due to its high solar irradiance levels. Based on the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) for the South American region, we estimate how climate change could affect photovoltaic power potential by the end of the century. The evidence suggests that photovoltaic potential could have a maximum decrease of around 15%, and a maximum increase of approximately 7%, primarily due to changes in solar irradiance of different zones. Furthermore, it is observed that regions with increased temperature also show increased solar irradiance levels, which could, to some extent, compensate for the losses caused by the rise in temperature. Therefore, photovoltaic production in most of the territory will not be negatively affected.

Harnessing Solar Power with a Smart Flower Prototype: Design and Fabrication

Abstract: Globally, renewable energy has grown remarkably. In the upcoming years, significant growth in the use of renewable energy is anticipated in India. With the majority of installations, solar energy led the renewable energy market, followed by wind energy. This demonstrates India's dedication to making the switch to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future. This research article discusses the design and fabrication of a prototype of a smart solar electricity generator flower i.e., the Smart Solar Flower (SSF), a unique and effective solar energy solution. It examines the features, advantages, and design of the SSF. The SSF, which was designed after flowers, autonomously tracks the sun to maximize energy harvesting. Photovoltaic panels, a solar tracking system, energy storage, a smart control unit, a self-cleaning mechanism, and sensors are some of its parts. The scalable and adaptive SSF may support energy-dependent systems, charge electric vehicles, power devices, and provide lighting. Intelligent sensor technology, machine learning, and Internet of Things connectivity enable autonomous adjustment based on the weather and energy consumption. Reduced reliance on fossil fuels, lower carbon emissions, and a sustainable future are all advantages for the environment. Installation expenses, energy savings, and money production are taken into account for economic viability. Efficiency, durability, and cost are explored along with challenges and prospects for the future. The SSF has significant promise for generating sustainable energy and revolutionizing the use of solar power to tackle global energy concerns.

Economic and energetic assessment of industrial-scale solar thermal energy in the Visegrad Region

The Visegrád group's energy security is attributed to the national energy potential of each country. The energy potential results from the lack of crude oil and natural gas resources, limited access to the transmission network, and limited fuel storage. This bloc relies on raw material supplies from Russia, which is not evenly applied to all group members. Poland and Hungary have good storing potential, but it is not enough to achieve energy security and independence. Russia aims to keep control of this market while group members try diversifying their supplies to increase energy security. The purpose of this article is to present the energy balance in the Visegrád region. The analysis is based on the status of the renewable energy targets in the production, demand, import and export. Also, to determine the stability degree of these energy parameters. The material source is the literature and the energetic data from the European statistic's official agency Eurostat and European commission reports. From an energetic aspect, the four capitals were considered as a case study for a food processing plant with annual hot water demand of 43 MWh to evaluate the performance of the solar thermal energy. The simulation was conducted using T*Sol software considering 16 evacuated-tube collectors B. Schweizer Energy AG manufacturer. The chosen process heating system has a buffer tank and a continuous flow heater. Each collector was inclined according to the optimum angle for each case study. As a result, it was found that the energy demand in the Visegrád region is entirely related to the economic situation. In contrast, Political and energy development have a more significant impact than economic factors. From an energetic aspect, solar thermal energy is evident for Hungary and Slovakia since they have up to 20% solar yields compared to Poland and the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, the solar irradiation on the collector field is high enough to consider solar thermal energy solutions integrated into food and industrial processes.

Circular economy strategies as enablers for solar PV adoption in organizational market segments

While the uptake of solar energy has been a success in recent years, PV panels will cause an increasing waste problem in the coming decades. At the same time, it is important to further stimulate investments in solar energy solutions to reach climate ambitions and the Sustainable Development Goals. In this paper, we investigate when circular economy strategies and business models can enable solar energy investments while mitigating its waste problem. We use focus group data from Flanders (Belgium) to address the demand side of different market segments outside the dominant residential market of homeowners. These markets have in common that they are governed or mediated by organizations and contain business-to-business and business-to-government features. Our results show that organizational solar PV investments are mainly driven by lower energy costs, independence, and secured access to energy, and that the uptake of circular solar solutions mainly depends on a viable business case. In most cases, a lack of market development and organizational boundary conditions limit the enabling potential of circular solar options. Given the current energy crisis and challenges stemming from the electrification of mobility, we recommend policy makers to invest in regulatory frameworks that support the implementation of innovative data technologies that enable both improved circularity outcomes and lower operational expenditures.