Soil-cement Bricks Research Articles

Estudo de dosagem de tijolos de solo-cimento com adição de resíduos de construção e demolição

Sustainable development requires the existence of a production network that includes the reuse of construction waste for new materials. Current analysis investigates an optimal soil-cement composition made up of construction and demolition waste for the manufacture of pressed bricks. Soil-cement bricks were manufactured from construction and demolition wastes (CDW), A-4 classified fine sandy soil and cement CP II Z 32. Laboratory tests, comprising test compaction, optimum water content and maximum dry specific weight, consistency limits, grain size distribution and linear shrinkage, were made to characterize the materials researched. Compressive strength and absorption tests were also undertaken in different combinations of composition. Results showed that the application of CDW improved soil-cement qualities and reduced shrinkage of the material used.

Durability of Compressed Earth Bricks: Assessing Erosion Resistance Using the Modified Spray Testing

The discussion in this paper is part of research directed at establishing optimal stabilization strategy for compressed bricks. The deployment context for the use of the compressed bricks was Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) where manually fabricated bricks are increasingly being used in low cost housing units. This discussion specifically focuses on strategies that can be used to counter deterioration due to wind-driven rain erosion. The impact of using cement, lime, fiber and a commercial stabilizing fluid was assessed. Factory-produced bricks were used for benchmarking. The durability of the bricks was assessed using the “modified” Bulletin 5 Spray Test. The different brick specimens were sprayed with water at 2.07 MPa and 4.14 MPa over one-hour time period while measuring the depth of erosion every 15 minutes. Factory-produced bricks hardly eroded at both 2.07 MPa and 4.14 MPa pressure levels. The maximum depth of erosion for Soil-Cement bricks ranged from a maximum of 0.5 mm at 2.07 MPa water pressure to 0.8 mm at 4.14 MPa. The maximum and minimum depths of erosion for Soil-Cement-Lime bricks were 25mm and 17 mm respectively. The inclusion of natural fiber in the bricks resulted in a sharp increase of the erosion depth to a maximum of 40 mm at 2.07 MPa and 55 mm at 4.14 Mpa. As the use of natural fibers and lime enhances some physio-mechanical properties, further research is necessary to determine ways of achieving this goal while maintaining acceptable levels of erosion resistance.

Reduced Soil Moisture in Producing Soil-Cement Brick for Construction Materials Using Constructed Sieve, Housing Building and Drying in Open Air Methods

Reduced Soil Moisture in Producing Soil-Cement Brick for Construction Materials Using Constructed Sieve, Housing Building and Drying in Open Air Methods

Thermal and Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Paraíba’s State Soils to Applying in Soil-Cement Bricks

Soils play a decisive role in the manufacture of building materials, especially, tiles and bricks. Production techniques cause negative impacts on the environment and add additional time to the production process. Three samples obtained from Paraíba State were characterized by thermal characterization, granulometric and physical-mechanical techniques. Thermal analysis was undertaken in two different atmospheres, at a flow rate of 110 ml/min and a heating rate of 10oC/min. Evaluation of the soils through their thermal characteristics for use in soil-cement bricks production is elucidated.

Incorporação de casca de arroz e de braquiária e seus efeitos nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas de tijolos de solo-cimento

A forma indiscriminada de extração dos recursos naturais e a poluição gerada pelos resíduos promovem impactos sobre o meio ambiente e é motivo de grande preocupação. Visando a oferecer alternativas de destinação de resíduos agrícolas, o presente trabalho estudou composições da mistura de solo-cimento-resíduo agrícola, tendo como objetivo principal determinar os teores máximos de resíduos a serem incorporados sem o comprometimento de suas características mecânicas. Foram utilizados dois tipos de resíduos vegetais (cascas de arroz e de braquiária) e utilizou-se o cimento Portland CP II-F-32 para a composição dos tratamentos. Nas combinações, os teores de cimento e resíduo variaram desde 100% de cimento e 0% de resíduo, até 60% de cimento e 40% de resíduo. Os tijolos foram prensados com o auxílio de máquina de fabricação de tijolos e submetidos aos ensaios de compressão simples e absorção de água. Os melhores resultados, em termos de resistência à compressão simples e de absorção de água, foram obtidos pelos tratamentos com substituição de 10% de resíduos vegetais em relação ao teor de cimento. De forma geral, os resultados sugerem a possibilidade do uso desses resíduos no teor de 10%, sem o comprometimento das propriedades mecânicas relacionadas à resistência e à absorção de água dos tijolos de solo-cimento.

Environmental education and the use of soil cement

Society must to become aware of the need to preserve and recover the environment. This is the role of Environmental Education as it disseminates means of preservation, laws, and projects related to the environment. This work describes and presents the use of soil-cement. Soil-cement bricks and blocks are produced from a mixture of clay, cement, and water. These materials are pressed, which avoids any kind of burning. The use of soil-cement is seen as beneficial to low income families who dream of improving the quality of their homes.

Study of the stabilization of a loamy soil with addition of cement

The use of soil-cement bricks is considered a cheaper constructive method than the conventional (ceramic block or concrete), because one of the raw materials is abundant (the soil). The objective of the present work was to identify the soil of the “Codin” area, in the municipality of Campos of Goytacazes - RJ. After this identification, it was possible to determine the best line for the production of soil-cement, in the 9,5x 10x5 cm format, with lines containing the addition of 5% and 10% of cement in volume.

Structural behavior of load bearing brick walls of soil-cement with the addition of ground ceramic waste

An experimental study of three load bearing walls is presented and discussed in this paper. The walls were of soil-cement bricks made with three different material proportions, in which two of them had part of the cement amount replaced by crushed ceramic waste. The walls were 95.20 cm high, 75.32 cm wide and 12.56 cm thick and had their bricks layered with cement paste. The walls were tested under compression and their displacements were measured with 5 dial gages. The walls had satisfactory behaviour and their strengths were suitable as required by Brazilian popular houses. The differences between the brick strength and the wall strength were less than 20%. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed and the uniformity of the compressive stress distributions in the walls was evaluated. Finally, it was observed that the partial replacement of the cement by crushed ceramic waste is possible.

Durability of compressed soil-cement bricks

This papers shows the evaluation process of the durability of compressed soil-cement bricks. A great number of tests were made to determine the behavior of bricks when they are compression loaded and under the influence of moisture. Two different types of soils were used to produce the bricks, a lime-clay soil and a sand one. The sand soil is very resistant. The other one has a limited use. An experimental design was used to test the bricks. It is a rotational and quadratic method with a hexagonal figure which contains replicas at the central point. This method ensures the reliability of test results. Otherwise, it would reduce the amount of specimens necessary for the tests. The optimun moisture content is obtained by using a press machine. It is more rational than the standard Proctor compactation test, because it applies the same type and amount of energy used to produce the bricks. The obtained results show the behavior differences between the two compressed soil-cement bricks subjected to the compression test, water absorption and wetting and drying tests. The durability tests results are very important in the possible use of the bricks produced.

Influence of humidity on the strength test of the soil-cement bricks

The article seeks to show the influence of humidity on the compression test of the soil-cement bricks through an adapted experimental design. The equations showing this relation are obtained. The subsequent generalization provides the possibility of making a pattern of correlation of strengths with different test humidities. Thus, the tests could be performed with a given humidity and the strength of the particular specimen for different humidity values could be estimated with a high degree of certainty. This makes possible the comparison of strength between tested elements in different humidity conditions, verification of fulfillment of recommended strength values and their expressing in terms of a basic humidity value, which is what the currently valid Technical Instructions lack.

Durability of soil-cement for building purposes — rain erosion resistance test

In this paper, the effects of compaction pressure (moulding pressure), simulated rainfall, and cement content on the durability of soil-cement bricks have been investigated. The results show that the resistance of the bricks to erosion by raindrops was enhanced by increase in compaction pressure and cement content. The bricks stabilised with 5 percent cement and compressed at 8 MN/m 2, compaction pressure were found durable to rain erosion. Higher cement content and/or higher compaction pressures yielded very negligibly higher weight losses. These later cases are considered uneconomical. The spray pressure (250 Kn/M 2), distance from the face of brick (140mm), duration of spray (3 hours), were also found adequate for rainfall durability tests on cement stabilised soils.

Lateritic soil—cement bricks for rural housing

The need to utilise local materials for the building industry in developing countries cannot be over-emphasised. Lateritic soils are abundantly available in the tropics and can be used for the manufacture of durable bricks. This paper reports on improvement of the strength of these bricks by addition of cement. Results show that to achieve optimal strength conditions, the soil-cement bricks require much less hard firing than plain bricks. Depending on the firing temperature and amount of cement used, the addition of cement could result in brick strengths of up to four times those with no cement added at the same temperature and at least two and a half times the maximum strength with plain bricks at any firing temperature.

Building with soil-cement bricks

An experimental building constructed of bricks made from a silty sand with 5 per cent cement is still in use as a store at the UK Building Research Establishment. Faults have developed over the years, but the following report suggests that this type of brick could find many uses in reasonably sheltered surroundings provided care is taken to ensure the exclusion of excessive quantities of water.