Soft X-ray Holography Research Articles

Characteristics of optical components for soft x-ray microscopy and x-ray holography using an undulator radiation optical system

X-ray optical components, including Fresnel zone plates and transmission gratings, have been fabricated using finely focused electron beam lithography and Ta-on-SiN x-ray mask fabrication technology. The optical components for x-ray microscopy and x-ray holography were evaluated in an undulator radiation optical system.

The performance of the NSLS mini-undulator

In 1986, the National Synchrotron Light Source installed a ten-period soft X-ray “mini-undulator” as a test bed for a longer device. We have used this device as a radiation source for soft X-ray holography and scanning microscopy, both of which require high brightness for practical operation. We present here calculations and measurements of the undulator output. Using beamline X-17T, we have measured the spectral intensity and brightness of the undulator. The results are in good agreement with calculations and indicate that even a short undulator, when coupled with a low-emittance storage ring, can produce extremely bright radiation. High brightness means large spatially coherent flux. We believe our measured value of 10 11 photons/s/1% BW was the highest continuous spatially coherent flux then available from any source of soft X-rays.

A preliminary optical design for a microscopy beam line at Hefei

A beam line U2A for microscopy, SEXAFS, and soft X-ray holography is being designed at NSRL, USTC, China. A preliminary design for U2A is presented, utilizing a linear monochromator consisting of a zone plate and a diaphragm. The parameters for these elements are as follows: the condenser zone plate has D = 6.0m,N = 10000, δRn = 0.15 μm, and F = 204.5 mm. The diaphragm has d = 24 μm. A spectral resolution λ/ Δλ = 125 would be achieved.

Optics at Goddard Space Flight Center

A brief account is given of the historical development of Goddard Space Flight Center in relation to optical studies. This is followed by short accounts of current activity in the uv and soft x-ray spectral regions, in lasers and holography, in vision, photography, and testing. Finally there is an optimistic word about the future of optics at GSFC and in NASA as a whole.