Line Breaking Research Articles

This article focuses on developing scientifically grounded approaches to enhance Ukraine's migration policy framework, fostering a secure environment, and supporting national recovery. The primary aim is to construct scenario-based projections of the EU migration crisis caused by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine.To achieve this, a multi-stage research design was applied, centered on scenario analysis using the Shell matrix approach. The first stage analyzed migration flows triggered by the invasion, examining their scale, trajectory, and implications for both Ukraine and the EU. It also explored migrants’ return intentions and the emotional and socio-economic factors influencing them.The second stage identified key drivers of migration since the onset of the war and used these findings to build a matrix model of influencing factors. The third stage addressed critical uncertainties—unpredictable but pivotal elements shaping Ukraine’s security landscape—forming a basis for scenario planning.In the fourth stage, three core migration scenarios were developed—optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic—mapped along two axes: the war's duration/outcome and the EU's integration stance toward Ukraine. The fifth stage involved expert evaluation of each scenario's feasibility and the level of consensus regarding its plausibility.The final stage led to the formulation of a conceptual legal framework through the proposed "Soft Return" state program. This program introduces legal tools for integrating migration policy into Ukraine's national security agenda, with a focus on facilitating the return of human capital. It includes provisions for legislative support, diaspora engagement mechanisms, and instruments for remote civic and economic participation, such as e-residency and digital platforms.By aligning legal reform with strategic foresight, the study presents a forward-looking model for migration governance under wartime conditions.

Steady state analysis of Multiport Interline DC Current Flow Controller integrated meshed MTDC grids

Dynamic response analysis of a semisubmersible floating offshore wind turbine subjected to mooring line failure under normal and extreme environmental conditions

Rail systems have been used for transportation and carriage purposes since the beginning of the 19th century and are still an important means of transportation today. This transportation method is actively used in densely populated Asian countries, especially in America and European countries. According to data from the National Safety Council (NSC) in the United States, rail travel is indeed one of the safest modes of transportation, second only to air travel. NSC reported that in 2019 rail fatality rates were 0.31 deaths per billion passenger miles, while the death rate for air travel was only 0.061 deaths per billion passenger miles. However, this does not mean that serious accidents do not occur. Moreover, the cause of the majority of these accidents is derailment caused by line deterioration and breaking of rails. According to technical data from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), in 2020 there were 1,601 accidents caused by track issues, including rail cracks and deterioration. These statistics highlight the importance of regular road maintenance and inspection to ensure the integrity of the railway and prevent accidents caused by road problems. To date, many studies have been carried out to control and ensure the integrity of the rails. In our study, the main aim is to provide a system that will verify that there is no crack in the rails, and otherwise inform the machinist. Furthermore, this study does this verification by dividing the rail structure into small blocks and checking whether the circuit is completed with the electric current it provides over the train. Thanks to this easy-to-apply system, the deformations on the rails can be easily detected pointwise and the number of fatal accidents can be reduced.

A Floater module containing several empirical parameters has been added to the TNO’s Cost model in order to include the analysis of floating wind turbine support structures and mooring systems. It is of our interest to know which model parameters within the Floater module contribute most significantly to the mooring system costs and ultimately to the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The strategy employed relies on constructing a surrogate model (based on Kriging), which is then used to perform global sensitivity analysis. For the scenarios studied here, it was found that the model parameter related to the mooring line breaking load coefficient remained the most sensitive to the capital expenditure (CapEx) cost, while the model parameter related to the failure event cost for mooring line repair remained most sensitive to the operational expenditure (OpEx) cost. Additionally, the study aimed at expanding the deterministic Cost model to systematically account for stochastic model parameter inputs in order to reduce modelling uncertainties and contribute towards more reliable mooring line designs.

System reliability analysis of mooring system for floating offshore wind turbine based on environmental contour approach

In addition to the gravity of the structure itself and the supported object, the open-air high-rise supported steel structure tower mainly bears dynamic loads. Take the transmission line tower as an example, such as wind load, conductor galloping, tower vibration and sudden unbalanced tension caused by line breaking. It is necessary to study the dynamic characteristic parameters to know the structural resistance to dynamic load. Therefore, from the perspective of dynamic safety evaluation, this paper designed the acquisition method of dynamic characteristic parameters and established a reliable finite element modal analysis model of transmission tower. Finally, the dynamic characteristic parameters such as natural frequency, vibration mode and amplitude of transmission line steel tower were obtained. It was found that the inclined material of the transmission tower might be unstable when the high-order natural frequency resonance occurred, which had important practical significance for structure design optimization and safety evaluation.

To prevent construction machinery from intruding into the transmission corridor during operation and causing damage to the normal operation of the line, this paper uses the relationship between the horizontal distance of the boom measurement point at the minimum safe distance, the angle of the boom to the ground and the field strength as a comprehensive criterion to carry out an early warning of the transmission line breaking. The method studied in this paper can provide a simple and accurate distance warning method for various types of construction machinery when they work in the vicinity of different types of transmission lines.

With the rapid increase in information density, problems such as signal crosstalk and crossover restrict the further expansion of chip integration levels and packaging density. Based on this, a novel waveguide structure—photonic jumper wire—is proposed here to break through the technical restrictions in waveguide crossing and parallel line wrapping, which hinder the integration of photonic chips. Furthermore, we fabricated the optical overpass to realize a more complex on-chip optical cross-connection. Our method and structure promote a series of practical schemes for improving optical chip integration.

Mooring ropes are the most important factor in docking vessels or loading and unloading activities at The mooring rope serves to tether ships to the dock so that when the ship is carried away by currents, wind or waves. However, there are factors that can cause the mooring rope to break. Factors from the ship itself and from outside the ship. The implementation was carried out for 11 months when carrying out marine practices aboard KMP ATHAYA with a research time of July 2021 to June 2022. Data were obtained directly through interviews in research preparation, data testing, data processing, discussion of research results, conclusions and author suggestions using the method qualitative descriptive research. From the observations, it can be concluded that to prevent the breaking of the mooring line by implementing a mooring plan, urging the crew on guard to always pay attention to the mooring rope when the ship is docking, and perform proper maintenance of the mooring line.

Waves with periods between 25 s and some minutes can amplify the motions of moored ships, which may result in terminal downtimes and compromise safety. The purpose of this work is twofold: (i) studying infragravity waves and their influence on moored ship motions, including the definition of operational thresholds and (ii) developing a novel and integrated approach to identify and assess resonance situations using wavelet transform analysis. The resonant modes of the harbor basin were identified using a numerical model validated with full-scale data. The motions of five similar LPG vessels moored at two adjacent jetties were analyzed, both in the frequency and frequency–time domains. It was concluded that surge is the most important motion at the berth that has greater operational problems. Moreover, the infragravity motion periods vary with the mooring line pretension and are proportional to the ratio of water depth to vessel draft. Three episodes of mooring line breaking were attributed to large infragravity surge oscillations. In addition, operational thresholds for basin-vessel resonance situations were defined based on the port tide gauge data. A significant wave height of 0.075 and 0.010 m for the 30–65 s period band was established for LPGs and oil tankers, respectively.

BACKGROUND: The second to fifth metacarpal fractures are immobilised with splints, plaster of Paris (POP) or buddy strapping for a period of time. However, no recent evidence-based splinting and immobilisation programme exists for the management thereof, leaving a gap in the literature to inform clinical practice. This review aimed to review, appraise and collate the literature on splints and immobilisation approaches used for second to fifth metacarpal fractures after surgical and conservative management in adults aged 20 to 59 years. METHODS: The review included experimental study designs, quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies and case-control studies from January 2008 to September 2018. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, appraised and extracted data from the included studies. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guided the reporting. Joanna Briggs Institute (jBl) critical appraisal tools were used to assess the risk of bias for each included study. RESULTS: Database searches generated 1 005 articles with ten additional articles found on Google Scholar. Ten articles were included: two randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one quasi-RCT, four prospective studies, one retrospective record review, one retrospective study and one comparative study with descriptive reporting of the results. CONCLUSION: High level 1b evidence suggests that no reduction, a soft wrap and buddy strapping for three weeks with early active finger and wrist mobilisation are effective for individuals who sustained boxer's fractures with < 70° angulation. To guide clinical practice, high-level research is needed to determine the immobilisation of second to fifth metacarpal fracture types. Level of evidence: Level 2

Abstract Transmission lines are affected by aeolian vibration, sandstorms and acid rain, which cause structural damage and eventually lead to line breaking accidents. In this paper, the structural health monitoring technology of conductors is researched, and a structural monitoring system for conductors is designed. First, based on the structure of the ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) conductor and the dynamic equation, the relation between the natural frequencies and the structure of the conductor is obtained. Then, an online health monitoring system of the conductor structure is proposed, and key issues, such as the power supply solution of sensors, data preprocessing technology, multiple‐sensor synchronization method, are analyzed in detail. Finally, the structural health monitoring of overhead transmission lines designed in this paper is tested on 110‐kV experimental transmission lines. The experimental results show that from the system proposed the operation parameters of the conductors can be well obtained.

Comparison of environmental contour and response-based approaches for system reliability analysis of floating structures

In this recent days, fishing activities have used various and varied fishing gear, one of them is fishing rods. Fishing gear has an important component, namely fishing line. Fishing line nowadays has many different brands, types and diameters to suit the needs and desires of its users. However, the quality of fishing line is one of the determining factors for choosing a good fishing line. In determining the quality of fishing line breaking strength and elongation value can be used as benchmarks. This study conducted trials on Shino Pro fishing line with diameters of 0.40mm and 0.35mm and Tencara fishing line with 0.30mm diameter. Tests to measure the value of breaking strength and elongation are carried out using a strength tester, the fishing line that used to be tested is cut in to small size and clamped to the upper chuck and lower chuck which have been calibrated before to the initial position. The obtained value then used to input to T test until the results of breaking strength and elongation came out, the results shows that the 0.40mm Shino Pro fishing line has the best elongation value. Meanwhile, the results of the T test on the breaking strength value shows that Shino Pro 0.40mm fishing line has better value than 0.35mm Shino Pro fishing line and the last is 0.30mm Tencara fishing line.

Painting road markings is one of the infrastructure works that can provide road markings on roads. The fuzzy method is used as a value to determine the midpoint of the width of the road and the robot is on the middle side of the road, then produces a velocity value on the robot that is maintained by the PID method. The result is that the robot can detect the sidewalk with an ultrasonic sensor on the difference of the right sensor error 0.2 cm and the left sensor 0.5 cm through comparison of detection by the sensor and the ruler. The robot can maintain speed and the output value produced by fuzzy speed is 30, then used as input by the PID method with constant values Kp = 2.5, Ki = 0, and Kd = 0.8. The process of painting using a roll model paint tool produces a length of painting 29-31 cm and a long line breaking range of 25-27 cm with a white line width of 8.5-9 cm.

The systematic program of heterotic line bundle model building has resulted in a wealth of standard-like models (SLM) for particle physics. In this paper, we continue this work in the setting of generalised Complete Intersection Calabi Yau (gCICY) manifolds. Using the gCICYs constructed in ref. [1], we identify two geometries that, when combined with line bundle sums, are directly suitable for heterotic GUT models. We then show that these gCICYs admit freely acting ℤ2 symmetry groups, and are thus amenable to Wilson line breaking of the GUT gauge group to that of the standard model. We proceed to a systematic scan over line bundle sums over these geometries, that result in 99 and 33 SLMs, respectively. For the first class of models, our results may be compared to line bundle models on homotopically equivalent Complete Intersection Calabi Yau manifolds. This shows that the number of realistic configurations is of the same order of magnitude.

Conventional Line-based Raster-stereography has been a popular technique for 3-D surface topography. However, in its application for human face screening, the problem of line breaking was observed. In order to resolve this problem, there came up a new technique called dotted raster-stereography. The previously reported version of dotted raster-stereography extracted the curvature features of human face. This paper presents a modified version, viz. differential dotted raster-stereography in which instead of curvature, differences in straight line distances between adjacent points are calculated. A comparative picture of the two versions of dotted raster-stereography techniques is presented. Results suggest that this new differential version of dotted raster-stereography algorithm is faster in execution due to its simpler implementation in software, though lower in accuracy, as compared with the previously reported curvature-based version of dotted raster stereography.

With the rapid development of the national economy, the national power consumption level continues to increase, which puts forward higher requirements on the power supply guarantee capacity of the power grid system. The distribution range of the transmission line is wide and densely, most lines are exposed to the unguarded field without any shielding or protective measures, which are vulnerable to man-made destruction or natural disasters. Therefore, it is very important for the early monitoring and prevention of the external force breaking of the transmission lines. The method for preventing external breakage of transmission lines based on deep learning proposed in this paper utilizes the video data collected by the cameras erected on the transmission line roads to perform feature extraction and learning through 3D CNN and LSTM networks, and obtains a monitoring model for external breakage prevention of transmission lines. The model was tested on public data sets and verified that it has a good performance in the field of transmission lines against external damage. The method in this paper makes full use of the existing video acquisition equipment, and the process does not require human intervention, which greatly reduces the cost of line monitoring and the hidden dangers of accidents.

An experimental campaign of arrays with direct-driven wave energy converters of point-absorbing type is presented. The arrays consist of six identical floats, moving in six degrees of freedom, and six rotating power take-off systems, based on the design developed at Uppsala University. The goals of the work were to study and compare the performances of three different array layouts under several regular and irregular long-crested waves, and in addition, to determine whether the numerical predictions of the best performing array layouts were confirmed by experimental data. The simulations were executed with a frequency domain model restricted to heave, which is a computationally fast approach that was merged into a genetic algorithm optimization routine and used to find optimal array configurations. The results show that good agreement between experiments and simulations is achieved when the test conditions do not induce phenomena of parametric resonance, slack line and wave breaking. Specific non-linear dynamics or extensive sway motion are not captured by the used model, and in such cases the simulation predictions are not accurate, but can nevertheless be used to get an estimate of the power output.