Sodium Metasilicate Solution Research Articles

Evaluation of <i>In-situ</i> Reservoir Blocking by Sodium Carbonate Gel Formed from Sodium Metasilicate Solution and Injected CO<sub>2</sub> for CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration

Evaluation of <i>In-situ</i> Reservoir Blocking by Sodium Carbonate Gel Formed from Sodium Metasilicate Solution and Injected CO<sub>2</sub> for CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration

Effect of silicate-based films on the corrosion behavior of the API 5L X80 pipeline steel

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of silicate-based films on the corrosion resistance of the API 5L X80 steel in carbonate-bicarbonate solution at room temperature. The films were electrochemically obtained by anodic and cathodic treatments and by immersion in 1.0 M sodium metasilicate solution. The corrosion behavior was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. Film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Adhesion strength was measured by pull-off tests. The chemical composition was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The anodic film yielded the best corrosion resistance (protection efficiency 83%). The protection mechanism is discussed.

Method of formulating geopolymer for 3D printing for construction applications

An innovative methodology is presented for formulating geopolymer-based material for the requirements and demands of commercially available powder-based 3D printers. Different key powder parameters such as particle size distribution, powder bed surface quality, powder true/bulk densities, powder bed porosity, and binder droplet penetration behavior were used to quantitatively evaluate the printability of prepared geopolymer-based material. Results indicated the prepared geopolymer-based material achieved sufficient printability to be used in a powder-based 3D printer. 3D printed specimens from the geopolymer were assessed for printing accuracy, apparent porosity and mechanical property. All printed cubic specimens exhibited an anisotropic phenomenon in dimensional accuracies and mechanical properties. Before further post-processing, the printed cubic structure gained compressive strength of up to 0.9MPa with an acceptable low dimensional expansion of <4%. Post processing by immersion in saturated anhydrous sodium metasilicate solution at 60°C gained compressive strength of up to 16.5MPa.

Utilization of Chrysotile-Type Tailings for Synthesis of High-Grade Silica by Controlled Precipitation

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrates an efficient synthesis of highly reactive silica using hydrometallurgical processing of serpentinite tailings. Proposed process uses two-stage (acid and alkaline) leaching of serpentinite tailings and precipitation of silica from the sodium metasilicate solution using hydrochloric acid. The alkaline leaching and the effect of impurities on the precipitation of amorphous silica under the conditions of maximum sol stability were examined in detail. The proposed route is technologically advantageous because the product did not contain residues of the original raw serpentinite and was characterized by high purity (99.4 wt. % SiO2), large specific area (541 m2 g–1), and consistent quality. Moreover, less sensitivity to the presence of impurities and longer gelation times, offering a longer time period for manipulating the product in the final stages of the process, were achieved. The total yield of silicon in the overall process was 90–91%.

20 Years Advances in Preparation of Potassium Salts from Potassic Rocks: A Review

AbstractLong‐term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K‐feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH‐H2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxyl‐cancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow‐release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm‐oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH, (Na, K)2SiO3, and K2SiO3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaOH and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China.

샥스핀 가공 중 사용된 메타규산나트륨 분석

메타규산나트륨은 우리나라 식품첨가물공전에 등록되어 있는 품목으로 식용유지류의 여과보조제의 목적 이외에는 사용할 수 없으며, 최종식품 완성 전에 제거하도록 규정되어 있다. 그러나 최근 샥스핀 등 수산물에 중량 증량의 목적으로 메타규산나트륨을 불법 사용하는 사례가 지속적으로 발생함에 따라 메타규산나트륨의 사용 여부를 판별할 수 있는 분석법의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 그러나 메타규산나트륨의 수용액은 강알칼리성용액으로 식품에 첨가되면 해리되어 그 자체로 분석할 수 없으며, 규소 양의 측정을 통해 간접적인 방법으로 추정할 경우 시료 자체에 천연적으로 존재하는 규소와 구분해야 하는 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 메타규산나트륨의 첨가 여부를 판별하기 위한 기초 자료 확보를 위해 메타규산나트륨 수용액에 가공되지 않은 상어지느러미를 침지하여 중량의 증가, pH 및 규소 함량 변화를 측정하였고, 이를 모니터링 결과와 비교하였다. 그러나 Robberecht 등(7)의 연구결과 6종의 어류에서 규소가 1.77-84.19 mg/kg의 범위에서 검출된 결과에서 알 수 있듯이, 수산물의 종류와 개체 간에 규소 함량의 편차가 크게 나타날 수 있기 때문에 향후 샥스핀의 규소 함량 모니터링을 지속적으로 수행하여 데이터베이스를 좀 더 보강할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되며, 그 이후에 대조군과 pH, 수분 및 규소 함량 비교를 통해 메타규산나트륨 사용여부를 유추해 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. According to the Korea Food Additives Code, sodium metasilicate is permitted for use as a filtering agent for edible oils and fats. Sodium metasilicate is currently used as a food additives to increase the weight of shark fins. In this study, we developed an analytical method to quantify sodium metasilicate in food. Sodium metasilicate content was estimated by measuring the moisture content, pH and silicon content of shark fins. Silicon content was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) following microwave-assisted digestion with <TEX>$HNO_3$</TEX> (65%) and <TEX>$H_2O_2$</TEX> (30%). Shark fin total silicon content was <TEX>$7.17{\pm}8.92mg/kg$</TEX>, while the soluble silicon content was <TEX>$2.34{\pm}3.80mg/kg$</TEX>. After soaking raw shark fin in an aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate, fin weight, pH and silicon content were measured. These results would be used as the basic information for shark fins safety management.

Electron-Irradiation Induced Nanocrystallization of Pb(II) in Silica Gels Prepared in High Magnetic Field

In a previous study, structure of silica gels prepared in a high magnetic field was investigated. While a direct application of such anisotropic silica gels is for an optical anisotropic medium possessing chemical resistance, we show here their possibility of medium in materials processing. In this direction, for example, silica hydrogels have so far been used as media of crystal growth. In this paper, as opposed to the soft-wet state, dried silica gels have been investigated. We have found that lead (II) nanocrystallites were formed induced by electron irradiation to lead (II)-doped dried silica gels prepared in a high magnetic field such as B = 10 T. Hydrogels made from a sodium metasilicate solution doped with lead (II) acetate were prepared. The dried specimens were irradiated by electrons in a transmission electron microscope environment. Electron diffraction patterns indicated the crystallinity of lead (II) nanocrystallites depending on B. An advantage of this processing technique is that the crystallinity can be controlled through the strength of magnetic field B applied during gel preparation. Specific skills are not required to control the strength of magnetic field.

Electrostatic interplay: The interaction triangle of polyamines, silicic acid, and phosphate studied through turbidity measurements, silicomolybdic acid test, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy

The discovery of long-chain polyamines as biomolecules that are tightly associated to biosilica in diatom cell walls has inspired numerous in vitro studies aiming to characterize polyamine–silica interactions. The determination of these interactions at the molecular level is of fundamental interest on one hand for the understanding of cell wall biogenesis in diatoms and on the other hand for designing bioinspired materials synthesis approaches. The present contribution deals with the influence of amines and polyamines upon the initial self-assembly processes taking place during polyamine-mediated silica formation in solution. The influence of phosphate upon these processes is studied. For this purpose, sodium metasilicate solutions containing additives such as polyallylamine, allylamine and others in the presence/absence of phosphate were investigated. The analyses are based mainly on turbidity measurements yielding information about the early aggregation steps which finally give rise to the formation and precipitation of silica.

Mechanical properties and setting time of ferrochrome slag based geopolymer paste and mortar

Many researches have been done to investigate using raw materials in the production of geopolymer cements. This paper presents the effects of alkali dosage and silica modulus when using sodium metasilicate solution at different curing conditions on the geopolymerization of ferrochrome slag (FS). As alkali activation for geopolymerization, NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution were used. Geopolymer cement was produced using FS as raw material with 3 different silica modulus (0.50, 0.60 and 0.70) and 4 different Na2O concentrations (4%, 7%, 10% and 12%). The setting time, hydration heat and compressive strength of geopolymer paste samples and compressive strength of geopolymer mortar samples were obtained. The setting time varied between 120 and 870min, it showed variability depending on Na2O content. The highest 28day compressive strength of the geopolymer paste samples was obtained from one with Na2O concentration of 7% and silica modulus of 0.70. Geopolymer mortars were prepared for the determination of compressive strength by adding FS:sand:alkali activator ratio 1:2:0.30, 0.35 and 0.40. The specimens were cured at 60°C and 80°C kept for 20h and the other mortar samples were stored under laboratory conditions. Compressive strength of the material decreased, when w/b (water/binder) ratio increased. The highest 28day strength of the geopolymer mortar was obtained at 0.30w/b ratio and laboratory temperature curing conditions. The hydration heat of geopolymer paste samples was found to be less than normal Portland cements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were investigated to study the microstructural properties of the geopolymers.

Uranium incorporation into amorphous silica.

High concentrations of uranium are commonly observed in naturally occurring amorphous silica (including opal) deposits, suggesting that incorporation of U into amorphous silica may represent a natural attenuation mechanism and promising strategy for U remediation. However, the stability of uranium in opaline silicates, determined in part by the binding mechanism for U, is an important factor in its long-term fate. U may bind directly to the opaline silicate matrix, or to materials such as iron (hydr)oxides that are subsequently occluded within the opal. Here, we examine the coordination environment of U within opaline silica to elucidate incorporation mechanisms. Precipitates (with and without ferrihydrite inclusions) were synthesized from U-bearing sodium metasilicate solutions, buffered at pH ∼ 5.6. Natural and synthetic solids were analyzed with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and a suite of other techniques. In synthetic amorphous silica, U was coordinated by silicate in a double corner-sharing coordination geometry (Si at ∼ 3.8-3.9 Å) and a small amount of uranyl and silicate in a bidentate, mononuclear (edge-sharing) coordination (Si at ∼ 3.1-3.2 Å, U at ∼ 3.8-3.9 Å). In iron-bearing synthetic solids, U was adsorbed to iron (hydr)oxide, but the coordination environment also contained silicate in both edge-sharing and corner-sharing coordination. Uranium local coordination in synthetic solids is similar to that of natural U-bearing opals that retain U for millions of years. The stability and extent of U incorporation into opaline and amorphous silica represents a long-term repository for U that may provide an alternative strategy for remediation of U contamination.

Characteristics of amorphous silica prepared from serpentinite using various acidifying agents

This paper examines the effect of the nature of the precipitating agent (HCl, CO2 and (NH4)2CO3) on the surface area of the resulting silica powders synthesized from serpentinite after its leaching in hydrochloric acid. In order to prepare a product consisting of small discrete particles polymerized into three-dimensional networks without using additives (surfactant and/or flocculant), synthesis from nearly-saturated sodium metasilicate solution at laboratory temperature under alkaline and acid-set conditions was applied in the present work.In highly acidic solution (e.g. at significant stochiometric excess of hydrochloric acid over the silicate) a regular density xerogel with a high specific surface area (541m2g−1) was achieved. Through synthesis of silica gel by acidification using CO2 and (NH4)2CO3, the values 392m2g−1 and 414m2g−1 respectively of the specific surface area were obtained. The microporosity of silica samples precipitated by HCl was confirmed by t-methods and α-methods, whereas powders prepared using CO2 and (NH4)2CO3 were identified as being mesoporous. The mesopore size distribution calculated using the BJH method and DFT model shifted with rising pore diameter in the following order: silica precipitated by HCl, (NH4)2CO3 and CO2.

Study of Gel Growth Cobalt (II) Oxalate Crystals as Precursor of Co3O4 Nano Particles

Crystal growth of cobalt (II) oxalate in silica gel at room temperature as precursor of Co3O4 nano particles has been studied. Specifically, this project is focusing on the use of two different reaction tube types toward crystallization of cobalt (II) oxalate in gel. The gel was prepared at pH 5 by reacting sodium metasilicate solution with dilute nitric acid (for U-tube) and oxalic acid (for straight tube), with gelling time of 4 days and crystal growth time of 8 (for straight tube) and 12 (for U-tube) weeks. Result shows that pink crystalline powder was directly formed using straight tube method. The use of different solvents in straight tube method affects crystallization and could delay direct precipitation of the product. In contrast, bigger and better shape of red block crystal was yielded from U-tube method; however, longer growth time was needed. FTIR studies suggest that both growth method produces identical compound of hydrated cobalt (II) oxalate. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Study of Gel Growth Cobalt (II) Oxalate Crystals as Precursor of Co3O4 Nano Particles

Crystal growth of cobalt (II) oxalate in silica gel at room temperature as precursor of Co3O4 nano particles has been studied. Specifically, this project is focusing on the use of two different reaction tube types toward crystallization of cobalt (II) oxalate in gel. The gel was prepared at pH 5 by reacting sodium metasilicate solution with dilute nitric acid (for U-tube) and oxalic acid (for straight tube), with gelling time of 4 days and crystal growth time of 8 (for straight tube) and 12 (for U-tube) weeks. Result shows that pink crystalline powder was directly formed using straight tube method. The use of different solvents in straight tube method affects crystallization and could delay direct precipitation of the product. In contrast, bigger and better shape of red block crystal was yielded from U-tube method; however, longer growth time was needed. FTIR studies suggest that both growth method produces identical compound of hydrated cobalt (II) oxalate. © 2013 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved Received: 25th October 2012; Revised: 30th November 2012; Accepted: 5th December 2012 [ How to Cite : Y.P. Prananto, M.M. Khunur, D.T. Wahyuni, R.A. Shobirin, Y.R. Nata, E. Riskah, (2013). Study of Gel Growth Cobalt (II) Oxalate Crystals as Precursor of Co3O4 Nano Particles. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis , 7 (3): 198-204. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.7.3.4066.198-204)] [ Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.7.3.4066.198-204 ] View in |

Study of Optical Property of Gel Grown Mercuric Iodate Crystals

Mercuric Iodate Crystals were grown by a simple gel technique using diffusion method. The optimum growth conditions were established for the growth of these crystals by changing various parameters such as pH of the gel solution, gel concentration, gel setting time, concentrations of reactants etc. The grown Mercuric Iodate crystals were spherical in shape. These crystals were opaque. The crystals were characterized using UV- VIS Specrophotometrry. .Keywords. Gel technique, mercuric iodate crystals, UV-VIS Specrophotometrry. I. Introduction: A variety of crystals required for the purpose of research and application can be grown in silica gels. The gel medium prevents turbulence and being chemically inert, it provides a three-dimensional crucible which permits the reagents to diffuse at a desirable controlled rate. Its softness and uniform nature of constraining forces that it exerts upon the growing crystals encourages orderly growth. The growth of single crystals in gel at an ambient temperature, which are sparingly soluble in water, is a fascinating alternative to the techniques involving high temperature and expensive equipments. During the last few years, successful application of gel growth technique has been demonstrated by the preparation of single crystals of alkaline earth metal iodate. The gel growth technique appeared quite attractive for growing crystals of such compounds on account of its unique advantages in terms of crystals produced and the simplicity of process. In the present work, crystals of mercuric iodate were grown by gel technique using diffusion method. Optimum growth conditions for crystals were determined. Optimum conditions were established by varying various parameters. II. Materials and Method Test tubes were used as crystallizing vessels. The silica gel was used as a growth media. Gel was prepared from aqueous solution of sodium meta silicate. The gel was acidified by acetic acid. The chemicals used for growth of single crystals of mercuric iodate were CH3COOH; Na2SiO3.5H2O; KIO3, NaIO3; Hg(NO3)2. All chemicals were of AR grade. A series of experiments using different pH values for the gel and the different concentrations for reactants were carried out. Different molar masses were tried to determine the optimum growth conditions. Out of the two reactants, Hg(NO3)2 was incorporated in gel and KIO3 was used as the supernatant over the set gel. These experiments yield spherulitic crystals of Hg(IO3)2 of few mm size. Experiments were also carried out by interchanging the position of reactants. These experiments do not yield any crystals at all. Hg(NO3)2 having different concentrations was incorporated into the gel. This solution was then transferred to borosil glass tube of diameter 2.5 cm and 25 cm in height. The mouth of the tube was covered by cotton plug. After setting of the gel, it was left for aging for different periods of time. Another reactant having different concentrations was then added as supernatant over the set gel. Experiments were carried out by changing different concentrations of the reactants. The chemical reaction inside the gel can be expressed as X(NO3)2 + 2YIO3 → X(IO3)2 + 2YNO3 Where X = Hg and Y = K or Na

Eco-friendly, cost-effective silica-based protective coating for an A6092/SiC/17.5p aluminum metal matrix composite

Aluminum-based, particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have been the most popular among the composite materials due to their low density and isotropic properties in addition to the superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. However, AMMCs have a more inhomogeneous structure than alloys due to presence of reinforcing particles. Such an inhomogeneous structure can enhance the pitting corrosion susceptibility, as well as cause a preferential dissolution of the interface between the matrix and the reinforcing particles. This paper discusses the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of ALCOA peak-aged Al6092/SiC/17.5p composite using silica conversion coatings. The proposed coating is environmentally friendly and cost-effective as it based on sodium metasilicate solutions of different concentrations (10, 20, 50 and 100g/l). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization and cyclic voltammetery tests were used to investigate the corrosion behavior of the composite in 3.5% NaCl. Results showed that the film formed due to a simple immersion in a silica solution is very effective for improving the localized corrosion resistance by forming a barrier protective layer. The polarization resistance (Rp) for the uncoated composite was measured by EIS to be approximately 5.0×103Ωcm2. The Rp was enhanced by about three times after silica coating with a distinct improvement in the localized corrosion resistance. The optimum silica concentration to provide the highest corrosion inhibition characteristics has been determined to be 50g/l. Increasing the silica concentration to 100g/l has an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance.

Sodium metasilicate affects growth of Campylobacter jejuni in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets stored at 4 degrees Celsius for 7 days ,

The objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial effects of sodium metasilicate (SMS) treatments against Campylobacter jejuni in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets and to ascertain the effects of SMS treatments on pH. The fillets were inoculated with C. jejuni, treated with 0% SMS and no inoculum (negative control), 0% SMS and inoculum (positive control), 1 and 2% SMS solutions, and stored at 4 ± 1°C. All samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d storage for C. jejuni, psychrotrophic organisms, and pH. Campylobacter jejuni and psychrotrophic counts for samples treated with 1 and 2% SMS solutions were similar (P > 0.05) to the positive control on all storage days. The pH values for 2% SMS marinade treatments were higher (P < 0.05) when compared with the negative and positive controls through 7 d of storage. Based on the findings in this study, a second study was conducted to determine the level of SMS necessary to reduce C. jejuni by at least 1 log cfu/g. The treatments were the same as previously discussed, except SMS was used at levels of 1 and 2% of the weight of the meat instead of percentage of the solution. Chicken fillets treated with 1 and 2% SMS (by weight of meat) resulted in 1.12 to 1.26 and 3.27 to 3.79 log cfu/g reductions in C. jejuni, respectively, when compared with the positive control. Except for d 0, psychrotrophic counts for samples treated with 2% SMS were lower (P < 0.05) than negative and positive controls on all storage days. The pH values were higher (P < 0.05) for all SMS treatments when compared with the negative and positive controls. This study revealed that SMS, when used at elevated levels in excess of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service 2% approved level, could function to control Campylobacter jejuni and extend the shelf life of raw poultry by retarding the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria.

Rendering wastes obtained from gold analysis by the lead-fusion fire-assay method non-hazardous

The classical method of melting lead by fire-assay (Pb-FA) is the most frequently used analytical technique in gold prospection. The crucible solid waste which is generated in this process is usually characterized by chemical and mineralogical composition, granulometric size distribution, and classified according to Brazilian Environmental Regulations.This study demonstrates how acid leaching can be used to remove lead from waste originally classified as hazardous by treatment with hydrochloric and nitric acids followed by chemical precipitation in sodium metasilicate solution. It is shown that for every 1000 kg of hazardous waste, 995.6 kg of non-harzardous waste can be recovered.

Thermal behavior of the composite xerogels of zirconium oxyhydroxide and silicic acid

Gels were prepared via sol–gel method by addition of zirconium oxychloride solution into sodium metasilicate (SZ) and sodium metasilicate solution into zirconium oxychloride (ZS) at varying final pH. Si/Zr molar ratio equaled 1/1. Synthesized gels were dried with calcium chloride until they reached a constant mass. SEM and nitrogen adsorption analysis have shown that SZ gels have surface area 175–200 m2 g−1, consist of 20–30 nm grains. ZS samples have surface area about 1 m2 g−1, consist of grains smaller than 10 nm. Thermal and X-ray phase analysis have shown that transition of amorphous ZrO2 to crystalline form shifts from 430 to 850–870 °C for SZ gels. Unlike zirconia gels phase transitions that proceed in order: “amorphous (430 °C)—tetragonal (800 °C)—monoclinic (1,000 °C) phases”, the monoclinic phase in ZS gels appears immediately after transition from amorphous to crystalline state; the tetragonal phase in SZ samples is stable until 1,000 °C.

A new method of elimination of endotracheal tube biofilms by sodium metasilicate solution

A new method of elimination of endotracheal tube biofilms by sodium metasilicate solution

Sodium metasilicate affects growth of Salmonella Typhimurium in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets stored at 4°C for 7 days

The objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial effects of sodium metasilicate (SMS) against Salmonella and psychrotrophic organisms in fresh, boneless, uncooked chicken breast fillets and to ascertain the effects of SMS treatments on pH. Chicken breast fillets were inoculated with Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhimurium treated with 0% SMS and no inoculum (negative control), 0% SMS and inoculum (positive control), 1% SMS, or 2% SMS solutions and stored at 4 ± 1°C. All samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d for Salmonella, psychrotrophic organisms, and pH. The fillets that were treated with 1 or 2% SMS had lower (P < 0.05) Salmonella counts as compared with those of the positive control at 3 through 7 d. Reductions in Salmonella Typhimurium were 0.83 to 0.91 log cfu/g and 1.04 to 1.16 log cfu/g for 1 and 2% SMS treatments, respectively. The psychrotrophic counts were similar (P > 0.05) for all treatments. The pH values for samples treated with 1 or 2% SMS were higher (P < 0.05) when compared with those of the negative and positive controls. This study revealed that SMS could restrict the growth of pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium in fresh poultry.