SOD Activity Research Articles

The New Phytocomplex AL0042 Extracted from Red Orange By-Products Inhibits the Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy in Mice Induced by Thioacetamide

Background/Objectives: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a clinical condition characterized by neurological impairments, including brain inflammation, arising from the accumulation of toxic metabolites associated with liver dysfunction and leaky gut. This study investigated the pharmacological activity of a new phytocomplex extracted from red orange by-products (AL0042) using hydrodynamic cavitation and consisting of a mixture of pectin, polyphenols, and essential oils. Methods: Preliminary in vitro studies evaluated the impact on the epithelial integrity (TEER) of enterocytes challenged by a pro-inflammatory cocktail. The effect of AL0042 was then evaluated in a model of thioacetamide (TAA)-treated mice that mimics MHE. A group of 8–10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice was intraperitoneally injected with TAA to establish the MHE model. The intervention group received TAA along with AL0042 (20 mg/kg, administered orally once daily for 7 days). At the end of the treatment, the rotarod test was conducted to evaluate motor ability, along with the evaluation of blood biochemical, liver, and brain parameters. Results: In vitro, AL0042 (250 μg/mL) partially recovered the TEER values, although anti-inflammatory mechanisms played a negligible role. In vivo, compared with the control group, the test group showed significant behavioral differences, together with alterations in plasma ammonia, serum TNF-α, ALT, AST, corticosterone levels, and SOD activity. Moreover, histological data confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect at liver and brain level. Conclusions: AL0042 treatment revealed a significant therapeutic effect on the TAA-induced MHE mouse model, curbing oxidative stress and peripheral and central inflammation, thus suggesting that its pharmacological activity deserves to be further investigated in clinical studies.

Macro Plastics as Vectors of Carcinogenic Pollutant Benzo[a]pyrene—An Ecotoxicological Simulation with the Asian Green-Lipped Mussel Perna viridis

The ecotoxicity of large plastics resulting from adsorbed chemicals is largely unexplored. In this study, through an ecotoxicological simulation, we demonstrate how large plastics act as vectors of micro-organic pollutants adsorbed by them. Green mussels Perna viridis were exposed to low-density polypropylene (LDPE) plastics and LDPE plastics treated with highly toxic and carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in multiple tanks over a period of 21 days. Mussel tissues, gills, and intestines of mussels were harvested on day 0, 7, 14, and 21 to measure BaP levels in tissues, total protein concentrations, and antioxidant biomarker (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities in gills and intestines. The results showed that BaP uptake by mussels took place after one week and peaked on the 14th and 21st days. Survival probability decreased from 80% on day 7 to 20% on day 14 in the LDPE + BaP group. SOD levels in the intestine were much lower than those in the gills, indicating that the toxicity of BaP to Perna viridis was more severe in the gills than in the intestine. This was further confirmed by the high negative correlation (R2 = 0.79) between BaP concentration and SOD activity levels. In the LDPE + BaP exposure tank, CAT activity increased consistently in gills from day 7 to day 14 to day 21, while for intestines, the levels increased from day 7 to day 14, then dropped on day 21. A positive correlation between CAT levels and BaP concentrations was noted for both gills and intestines (R2 = 0.86). In gills, very low levels of increasing CAT may not have a distinct influence on the overall detoxification process in P. viridis. The decreasing activity of GPx was possibly because both CAT and GPx acted on the same substrate, while CAT was the first responder to reduce peroxides to water, as evident from the multi-correlation analysis showing a strong negative correlation between CAT and GPx. Overall, our study could have important implications in the biomonitoring of marine mussels exposed to plastic-attached toxic pollutants.

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Ilex chinensis Response to Different Types of Simulated Acid Rain

Acid rain has many negative effects on the ecological environment and poses serious abiotic stress onto plants, resulting in substantial ecological and economic impairments annually. Ilex chinensis, a well-known medicinal plant, is sensitive to acid rain, but its response mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we simulated sulfuric acid rain (SAR), mixed acid rain (MIX), and nitric acid rain (NAR) at different pH values to investigate their effects on growth condition, photosynthesis, antioxidants, and nitrogen metabolites. We also explored the metabolic pathways and key genes involved in the response of I. chinensis to acid rain through transcriptome analysis. Physiological analysis showed that I. chinensis suffered the most significant inhibition at pH 3.0, which is manifested in the decrease in height growth rate, specific leaf weight, photosynthetic pigments content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate; the increase in MDA content and SOD activity; and the reduction in glutamine synthetase activity, nitrogen content, and proline content. Transcriptome analysis isolated 314 and 21 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from I. chinensis treated with acid rain at pH 3.0 for 5 d and 15 d, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis found that different types of acid rain caused changes in multiple metabolic pathways of I. chinensis, and the shared DEGs in 5 d treatment were mainly enriched in ribosomes, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis/glycolysis, etc. The shared DEGs in 115 d treatment were mainly enriched in sulfur metabolism, RNA polymerase, cysteine and methionine metabolism, etc. Further research on gene regulatory networks at the two time points showed that the key pathways of I. chinensis, in response to acid rain stress, include plant–pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, etc., in which 6 hub genes were identified, including TRINITY_DN13584_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN164_c0_g4, TRINITY_DN654_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN13611_c1_g2, TRINITY_DN21290_c0_g2, TRINITY_DN44216_c0_g1. Our findings provide a basis for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of I. chinensis in response to acid rain at the physiological and molecular levels, and for identifying candidate genes with acid tolerance potential.

Revealing the anti-senescence effects and related mechanisms of flavonoid extracts from the buds of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meisn on D-galactose-induced PC12 cells based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics

BackgroundNatural products are an important source of drugs or lead compounds for the treatment of senescence. The buds of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meisn are a traditional Chinese medicine to cure edema, schizophrenia and epilepsy. A flavonoid extract of W. chamaedaphne (FEW) was prepared from the methanolic extract of W. chamaedaphne by our group previously, which was including eight flavonoids with a content of (55.19 ± 0.32) %. In this study, the anti-senescence effects and related mechanisms of FEW on D-galactose-induced PC12 cells were investigated for the first time.ResultsHigh doses of D-galactose could induce PC12 cell senescence, whereas FEW could delay PC12 cell senescence by decreasing SA-β-gal positivity, increasing SOD activity, reducing MDA levels, improving cell morphology, inhibiting cell cycle arrest and down-regulating the expression of senescence-related proteins P16, P21 and P53. Subsequently, potential mechanisms underlying anti-senescence effects of FEW were elucidated through integration of network pharmacology and transcriptomics. The main signaling pathways involved by FEW were found to be cancer signaling pathway, FOXO signaling pathway, PI3k–Akt signaling pathway, AGE–RAGE signaling pathway, protein digestion and uptake, etc. The anti-senescence effects of FEW may be related to the PI3k–Akt signaling pathway as revealed by western blot experiments.ConclusionOur study revealed that FEW has anti-senescence effects. This may suggest that FEW acts as an anti-senescence agent for age-related neurological diseases.

Antibacterial Mechanism and Flavour Impact of Ultrasound and Plasma-Activated Water Combination on Aeromonas veronii in Crayfish

Aeromonas veronii is a foodborne pathogen commonly found in contaminated crayfish. In this study, the effects of ultrasound combined with plasma-activated water (US-PAW) against A. veronii and on the flavour of crayfish were investigated to evaluate their impact on crayfish preservation. In vitro, US and PAW showed a significantly synergistic inhibition against A. veronii growth and biofilm reformation at 7 min. Furthermore, PAW disrupted the membrane integrity of A. veronii, accompanied by enhanced outer membrane permeability, with bacteria exhibiting distortion, deformation, and the accelerated leakage of intracellular substances, which US-PAW further promoted. Additionally, US-PAW increased the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide, disrupting cellular homeostasis. This resulted in a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and GSH, as well as a reduction in the intracellular ATP concentration and the activities of MDH and SDH. The results indicated that US-PAW treatment impairs the ability of A. veronii cells to generate sufficient energy to resist external stress, ultimately leading to bacterial death due to the inability to maintain normal physiological functions. According to the bacterial cell count and GC-MS analysed, US-PAW treatment increased the storage period of crayfish (infected with A. veronii) by 2 days, while reducing sulphur-containing volatiles within 24.64% during 6 days of storage at 4 °C. These conclusions provide a theoretical foundation for the industrial application of US-PAW to preserve crayfish.

Toxicological Alterations Induced by Subacute Exposure of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles in Aged Rats: Behavioral, Biochemical, Molecular, and Histopathological Evidence.

Currently, evidence has pointed out that metal-based nanomaterials may have potentially harmful outcomes in the development of such diseases related to neurodegenerative disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Among them, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs), nano metal-oxides, are widely used in several areas such as industries and as wastewater treatment. Although Co3O4-NPs have a large scale in biological and industrial applications, there is a growing concern to their toxic effect on human health and the environment due to their reduced size and high reactivity, both chemically and biologically. The present work investigated the potential toxic outcomes of cobalt nanoparticles on cognitive performance in aged rats, focusing on the mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress and inflammation-related process. In our study, aged (18-month-old) Wistar male rats were used to study the harmful effects of subacute cobalt nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) (1 and 4mg/kg bw.S.C.28days) on the cortex and striatum. The characterization revealed that the CO3O4-NPs sample consists of extremely small particles with a semi-spherical shape. Exposure of aged rats to Co3O4-NPs induced an elevation of indicators oxidative injury [protein oxidation (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)] and nitrosative stress markers [nitrite production (NO)]. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx, as well as a reduction in the level of glutathione (GSH) and non-protein thiols (NPSH). Exposure of aged rats to Co3O4-NPs resulted also in the overexpression of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and.. NF-kB) in the cortex and striatum. In addition, Co3O4-NPs exhibited cognitive deficits in the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT), as demonstrated by a decrease in the discrimination index. Heightened anxiety-like behavior was also observed in the Marble Burying test (MBT) and Open-field test (OFT), along with depressive-like behavior, as evidenced by prolonged immobility durations in the tail suspension test (TST) and Forced swimming test (FST). The histopathological analysis revealed changes in the striatum and cortex regions of the treated aged rats characterized by the presence of vacuolated and shrunken neurons. In summary, these findings highlight the susceptibility of the aging brain to Co3O4-NPs-induced neurotoxicity and underscore the role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as critical drivers of these effects.

Betanin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-caused testis damage via multiple signal networks

ABSTRACT Betanin, widely found in red beets, is a natural bioactive compound with health beneficial effects. Of recent interest is the impact of sepsis on the reproductive system. The present study first evaluated the effects of betanin on the changes in oxidative stress/antioxidant, inflammatory, ER stress/antiapoptotic responses and 8-OHdG parameters as well as TLR4 and NF-κB activity on LPS-induced testis damage. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, oral betanin groups (50 and 110 mg/kg) and oral betanin plus LPS groups. The sepsis model was induced by LPS (10 mg/kg) injection in rats. Animals were intragastrically treated with betanin an hour before the LPS challenge. Betanin supplementation at high dose stimulated the activation of SOD in rat testis tissue and prevented LPS-induced oxidative stress. Consistently, betanin conferred protection by reducing the increasing levels of TNF, VCAM-1 and MPO in tissue against the inflammatory effects of LPS. Betanin also inhibited LPS-activated apoptotic ER stress-CHOP pathway and significantly ameliorated pathological findings. Besides, NF-κB and TLR4 expressions were decreased in testes of rats in HD Be + LPS group compared with the LPS group. High expression of Bcl-2 was associated with the anti-apoptotic effects of betanin in LPS-induced testis injury.

Lactobacillus plantarum fermented barley extract attenuates obesity in HFD-induced obese rats by regulating gut microbiota.

Lactobacillus plantarum fermented barley extract (LFBE) has a potent anti-obesity effect on high-fat-diet fed (HFD) obese rats. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of LFBE in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes and HFD-induced obese rats. LFBE significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by decreasing the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP-α) in differentiated 3 T3-L1 cells. The expression levels of adiponectin, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were also suppressed in differentiated three T3-L1 cells. Administration of LFBE significantly reduced insulin resistance, blood lipid profiles, and improved metabolic hormones in HFD-induced obese rats. Furthermore, the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines including CRP, IL-6, TNFα, and INFγ in HFD-induced obese rats were significantly decreased after LFBE administration. LFBE treatment also attenuated oxidative stress in HFD-induced obese rats by decreasing MDA production and restoring SOD and catalase enzymatic activity. Administration of LFBE could modulate gut microbiota imbalance by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and decreasing Prevotella-9 at the genus level and restoring intestinal barrier dysfunction in HFD-induced obesity rats. Taken together, our study indicated that LFBE is a promising candidate for treating obesity through multiple mechanisms.

Levomilnacipran alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic dysfunction in male Wistar albino rats; emerging role of α-Klotho/TLR4/p38-MAPK/NF-κB p65 and caspase-3-driven apoptosis trajectories.

Levomilnacipran alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatic dysfunction in male Wistar albino rats; emerging role of α-Klotho/TLR4/p38-MAPK/NF-κB p65 and caspase-3-driven apoptosis trajectories.

Eupatilin mitigates ICH-induced brain injury via SOX2/SLC7A11 regulation of ferroptosis.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute and potentially fatal brain disease that causes severe brain damage, resulting in hemiplegia, speech disorders, and even coma or death. Recently, oxidative stress and ferroptosis are claimed involved in the pathogenesis of ICH brain injury. Eupatilin (EUP) is a flavonoid component with promising anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. The present study aimed to explore the pharmacological activity and potential mechanisms of EUP in treating ICH brain injury from the respect of ferroptosis. The ICH model was established in mouse, followed by treating with 3 and 10mg/kg EUP. Elevated mNSS score, increased brain water content, reduced Nissl bodies, and enhanced EB concentrations were observed in ICH mice, which were sharply alleviated by EUP treatments. Furthermore, increased ROS, MDA, and iNOS levels; declined SOD activities; and enhanced proinflammatory factors like interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in ICH mice were remarkably reversed by EUP. In addition, increased iron+ cells and downregulated GPX4, FTH1, and SLC7A11, as well as reduced SOX2 levels, in ICH mice were rescued by EUP. SH-SY5Y cells were stimulated by hemin, followed by treating with EUP (25 and 50μM). Enhanced ROS and MDA contents; decreased SOD activities; increased iron levels; and downregulated GPX4, FTH1, SLC7A11, and SOX2 were observed in hemin-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, which were reversed by EUP. Moreover, silencing SOX2 abolished influences of EUP on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hemin-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Collectively, EUP alleviated ICH-induced secondary brain injury by repressing SOX2/SLC7A11 axis-mediated ferroptosis, which provides potential treatment strategies for ICH in the clinic.

Hypoxia tolerance and physiological coping strategies in fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii).

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is necessary for fish survival and growth. This study investigated the hypoxia tolerance, hematological indexes, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and liver and gill morphological alternation of fat greenling during hypoxia stress. Changes in hematological parameters (cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], and white blood cell [WBC], and red blood cell [RBC] numbers), hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], catalase [CAT]), aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and the histology of the liver and gill were evaluated under hypoxia stress and reoxygenation. Results showed that the DO at critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) and loss of equilibrium (LOE) were 3.10 ± 0.17mg/L and 1.90 ± 0.11mg/L, respectively. Hypoxia stress significantly stimulated the respiratory frequency rate, Hb and Hct levels, and RBC numbers; the highest values were observed at Pcrit and LOE, respectively. Serum glucose, cortisol and lactic acid contents, and hepatic MDA, AST, ALT, SOD, and CAT activity demonstrated similar results to Hb. However, hepatic GSH-Px activity obtained the highest value at Pcrit and drastically decreased the lowest value at LOE. Moreover, hypoxia stress induced hepatocyte necrosis, vacuolization, and increased hepatocyte apoptosis rate. Lamellar perimeters, length, surface area, and gill surface area manifested results similar to those for respiratory frequency rate, whereas lamellar width and interlamellar distance significantly decreased at Pcrit, LOE, and reoxygenation treatment for 4h. The above parameters returned to nearly normal levels after reoxygenation treatment for 8h. These results suggest that fat greenling is a hypoxia-tolerant marine fish that copes with potential hypoxia-induced damage by elevating hematological-related parameters, stimulating hepatic antioxidant capacity, and altering the gill and liver morphology to maintain homeostasis.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the JAZ Gene Family in Potato and Functional Verification of StJAZ23 Under Drought Stress

The JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors are crucial proteins in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway that play a significant role in plant growth, development and response to abiotic stress (such as drought, heat, salinity, and low temperature). In this study, we identified 26 potato JAZ genes and classified the corresponding predicted proteins into five subfamilies. All potato JAZ proteins exhibited the expected conserved TIFY (TIF[F/Y] XG) and JAZ domains. Additionally, we identified several stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, notably ABRE and ARE in the promoters of the JAZ gene family. Whole transcriptome and gene family expression analysis identified StJAZ23 as a key gene responding to drought stress in the root tissues of the Atlantic (Atl) and Qingshu 9 (QS9) potato cultivars. The StJAZ23 gene was cloned, and subcellular localization analysis suggested that the StJAZ23 protein was mainly localized in the nucleus and cell membrane. This study confirmed that StJAZ23 plays a role in drought stress by analyzing several StJAZ23 overexpression (OE-3, OE-5, and OE-6) and RNA interference (RNAi-3, RNAi-6, and RNAi-13) transgenic potato lines. The OE lines displayed significantly increased StJAZ23 expression compared to wild-type (WT) plants, while RNAi lines exhibited significantly reduced expression. The total root length, root tip count, and root surface area were significantly enhanced in OE lines under drought stress, compared to WT plants, whereas RNAi lines showed significant reductions. StJAZ23 overexpression also increased the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, and root vigor under drought stress and JA and ABA hormone levels were also significantly increased in roots under drought stress. These results highlight the positive role of the StJAZ23 gene in enhancing potato resilience to drought stress.

The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B6-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

A 12-week aquaculture trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin B6 on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Six feeds with a vitamin B6 content of 2.03 (control group), 2.91, 3.30, 6.03, 9.53, and 21.79 mg/kg were prepared. The results were as follows. Regarding digestive efficiency, the 9.53 mg/kg group showed significantly higher activities of AMY, LPS, and TRY compared to the control group; the 6.03 mg/kg group exhibited increased AKP and Na+/K+ ATPase activities. Regarding immunity, the 6.03 mg/kg group had markedly higher relative expressions of zo-1 and occ than the control group; the 9.53 mg/kg group showed significantly higher relative expressions of il-10, tgf-β, igm, and cd83, while il-8 and tnf-α were notably lower, and nf-κb was noticeably decreased in 21.79 mg/kg group. For antioxidant capacity, the 6.03 mg/kg group had markedly higher activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC levels, compared to the control group; the MDA level in the control group was markedly higher than in the other groups. The relative expressions of nrf2, cat, Cu-Zn sod, and gpx were highest in 9.53 mg/kg group and significantly higher than in the control group. In conclusion, an appropriate level of vitamin B6 in the feed is vital for protecting the intestinal health of largemouth bass.

Physiological Adaptation to Different Heavy Metal Stress in Seedlings of Halophyte Suaeda liaotungensis

Soil contamination with heavy metals is a worldwide environmental issue that impacts plant growth and human health. This study is the first to investigate the tolerance and physiological response mechanism of Suaeda liaotungensis seedlings to heavy metal stress. The results exhibited that the toxicity degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn to Suaeda liaotungensis seedlings was highest for Cd and lowest for Pb. Heavy metal stress increased H2O2 levels in seedlings, thereby aggravating lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane and consequently increasing MDA content. Meanwhile, the SOD and CAT activities in seedlings increased under heavy metal stress, whereas POD activity decreased consistently under Cd and Zn stress. The soluble sugars and proline content in seedlings also showed an increasing trend under heavy metal stress. Furthermore, the tolerance in the seedlings from black seeds to Pb and Cd stress was improved by enhancing SOD and CAT activities and accumulating proline. However, the tolerance in the seedlings from brown seeds to Cu stress was improved by increasing CAT activity as well as accumulating soluble sugar and proline content. The results reveal the response mechanism of Suaeda liaotungensis seedlings to heavy metal stress and provide the basis for utilizing Suaeda liaotungensis to improve heavy metal-contaminated saline soil.

Effects of bio-nano-selenium on wheat grain morphology, selenium transport enrichment and antioxidant enzyme activities

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human health, but selenium deficiency is widespread worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effects of selenium uptake, grain morphology, and antioxidant enzyme activities in three wheat varieties, including Huamai 1168 (high gluten), Huamai 2152 (medium gluten), and Wanximai 0638 (low gluten), by foliar spraying of bio-nano-selenium at the early flowering stage of wheat. The bio-nano-selenium nutrient solution was a patented product of microbial fermentation (Patent No. 201610338121.6) independently developed by our team, with a pure selenium concentration of 5000 mg/kg. The results showed that the total selenium content in all the varieties increased by 1843.52%, and the organic selenium content increased by 2009.87%, with Huamai 1168 showing the highest total selenium and organic selenium content. After selenium treatment, CAT activity decreased in all varieties; POD and SOD activities showed a tendency to increase and then decrease; MDA and proline content increased; and GSH content fluctuated during the filling period. Overall, foliar spraying of selenium enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and improved the plants’ ability to cope with environmental stresses. In terms of agronomic traits, bio-nano-selenium positively affected plant height (12.63% increase on average), effective spike number (17.24% increase on average), and spikelet number (17.81% increase on average), but had a limited effect on grain morphology. In addition, bio-nano-selenium not only increased soil nutrient content but also promoted the uptake of hydrolyzed nitrogen, effective phosphorus, fast-acting potassium, and sulfate in wheat. In summary, bio-nano-selenium is expected to be an effective tool for selenium biofortification of wheat, which not only significantly increases the selenium content of grains but also improves yields, stress tolerance, and fertilizer utilization, providing a potential solution to selenium deficiency through dietary solutions, while contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture.

Analysis of anti-aging activity of Chinese perfume (Aglaia odorata) and Indian camphorweed (Pluchea indica) leaves using Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system

This study examined the anti-aging effect of Chinese perfume (Aglaia odorata) and Indian camphorweed (Pluchea indica) leaf extracts on Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system. Investigation of the antioxidant activity and bioactive compounds using GC–MS and qualitative anti-aging spot tests were performed to determine the anti-aging effects. In addition, a quantitative anti-aging test was conducted using high-throughput chronological lifespan analysis. The results showed that the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, APX, and CAT in Chinese perfume leaves were 393.96 units/min/g FW, 215 µmoles H2O2/min/g FW, and 5.6 µmoles H2O2 decomposed/min/g FW, respectively; the values in Indian camphorweed leaves were 717.57 units/min/g FW, 48 µmoles H2O2/min/g FW, and 12.33 µmole H2O2 decomposed/min/g FW, respectively. The antioxidant activity of Chinese perfume and Indian camphorweed was 577.2 µg/mL and 348.86 µg/mL. The antioxidant bioactive compounds of Chinese perfume extract included n-hexadecanoic acid, β turmerone, and 2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester (methyl cinnamate) and those from Indian camphorweed included n-hexadecanoic acid and neophytadiene. Treatment with both extracts prolonged the life of yeast after 15 days of incubation. In addition, H2O2 stress conditions, the yeasts showed better growth with the addition of both leaf extracts. This study revealed that the extracts of Chinese perfume and Indian camphorweed leaves demonstrate promising potential as ingredients for anti-aging cosmetics.

Toxic interactions between fluoxetine and microplastics in zebrafish embryonic development.

Toxic interactions between fluoxetine and microplastics in zebrafish embryonic development.

Long non-coding RNA XR008038 promotes the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury development through increasing the expressions of galectin-3.

Long non-coding RNA XR008038 promotes the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury development through increasing the expressions of galectin-3.

Construction and analysis of the immune effect of subunit vaccines based on the flagellin FlaB and FlaC of Vibrioharveyi.

Construction and analysis of the immune effect of subunit vaccines based on the flagellin FlaB and FlaC of Vibrioharveyi.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is disrupted by exposure to a mix of tributyltin and bisphenol S.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is disrupted by exposure to a mix of tributyltin and bisphenol S.