This study investigates the issue of underwhelming effectiveness in Information Communication Technology (ICT) by employing a sociotechnical knowledge management system (KMS) framework. The conceptual model highlights the combined contributions of the Technical KMS representing ICT, and the Sociocultural KMS in facilitating the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic processes of Knowledge Integration, ultimately enhancing Organizational Effectiveness. This cross-sectional survey explores the role of ICT in supporting practitioners within human services organizations as they navigate the complexities of addressing their clients’ diverse needs. The study involves a sample of 1,708 frontline caseworkers who participated in the 2022 Survey of Employee Engagement (SEE). Results demonstrate that both Technological KMS and Sociocultural KMS contribute to enhancing Organizational Effectiveness through improved Knowledge Integration. While caseworkers are more satisfied with Technological KMS, Sociocultural KMS yields greater benefits. Additional analyses comparing the 2008 and current survey data reveal ongoing underwhelming effectiveness despite technological advancements. These findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced technology and business processes, advocating for a paradigm shift toward a knowledge-based and sociotechnical perspective. The potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is discussed, contingent on addressing ethical concerns, cybersecurity, and privacy. Future research should explore the sociotechnical KMS applications and examine their impact on organizational effectiveness.