Center For Sociological Research Research Articles

Факторы формирования образовательной миграции из Таджикистана в вузы России: на примере Северного (Арктического) федерального университета

Analyzed is the problem of growing importance of international educational migration, associated not only with the increase in the number of international students, but also with the growing political, economic and cultural influence of educational migration as process. One of the most perspective countries in the sphere of Russian higher education export is the Republic of Tajikistan. The aim of the article is to present the results of study of the factors, that have influenced on student migration from Tajikistan to Russia. The author conducts a survey based on an analysis of key statistical data from the Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, as well as a questionnaire survey, semi-formalized interviews with NArFU students from Tajikistan, as well as participant observation in the framework of professional activities. Within the study information channels about higher education opportunities were analyzed, alternative educational destinations were identified, and an analysis of the factors of student migration to Russia and Russian university (NArFU) was carried out. According to the results of the study, it is found that different factors form student migration in general: the initial interest to study abroad, approved by the family in case of positive experience of relatives, studying abroad, while key factors for studying in Russia include possibility of getting quality education with scholarship support. The decision-making process of choosing the university is influenced by the demand for an educational program, career prospects, university ranking, however, the combination of the factors can vary significantly. The authors consider the importance of the ethno-cultural specifics of the region in analyzing the flows of student migration, as well as during the university activities of developing the export of higher educational programs to Tajikistan.

Transformación, fragmentación y continuidad del sistema de partidos de Castilla-La Mancha (2003-2015)

La literatura académica española ha prestado poco interés por el sistema de partidos en Castilla-La Mancha, al contrario que los del resto de Comunidades Autónomas, especialmente de aquellas consideradas históricas. En el presente texto se pretende analizar la evolución del comportamiento electoral de los ciudadanos de la región para observar la transformación del sistema de partidos, desde la hegemonía electoral del PSOE (2003 y 2007) hasta la llegada de la alternancia política (2011) y la vuelta al poder de los socialistas (2015). En base a las encuestas poselectorales del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) de las elecciones autonómicas, se ha trazado algunas de las explicaciones para entender los alineamientos partidistas de la región. Los resultados indican que el éxito del PSOE está relacionado tanto con una mayor abstención diferencial de los votantes del PP así como por su voto dual en las elecciones autonómicas debido a una buena valoración del candidato socialista. Este modelo se va debilitando hasta que en 2011 la gestión de la crisis económica acaba con el PSOE en la oposición. Además, la menor fragmentación electoral en la región en las elecciones de 2015 parece estar influido, más que por cuestiones ideológicas, por el rechazo de los liderazgos de los dos candidatos de los partidos sistémicos.

Mobile life and family. The impact of ICTs on spatial‐geographic mobility

AbstractThe family is in a constant process of adaptation to the structural changes brought about by the network society, such as the digitalization of social relationships as a result of the extension of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The aim of this study is to examine the process of spatial‐geographic mobility in Spain supported by ICTs within the family. To meet this objective, data from two studies by the Spanish Center for Sociological Research (2015 and 2016) focused on understanding the Impact of ICTs on the Family in Spain were analysed. The results indicate that the probability of moving geographically is greater when instant messaging software and digital social networks are used within the family. Differences are found in sociodemographic and social status factors. The probability of moving geographically increases when the use of ICTs enables families to become more efficient and competent and when their social capital increases.

Well-Being and the Lifestyle Habits of the Spanish Population: The Association between Subjective Well-Being and Eating Habits

The so-called Mediterranean diet is not simply a collection of foodstuffs but an expression of the culture of the countries of the south of Europe, declared Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. Despite the link between food and culture, little has been studied about how diet contributes to the well-being of the population. This article aims to analyze the association between subjective well-being and the eating habits of the Spanish population in order to gain a better understanding of the subjective well-being that food culture produces. For this study, we used a representative sample of the Spanish adult population from a survey by the Sociological Research Center (CIS 2017). Three indicators of subjective well-being were used: perceived health, life satisfaction, and feeling of happiness. The independent variables relating to eating habits considered in the analysis were, among others, how often meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, and sweets were consumed; how the food was prepared; how often meals were eaten out at restaurants or cafés and how often they were eaten with family or friends. Other independent variables related to lifestyle habits were also included in the analysis, in particular, physical exercise and body mass index. We used ordinal logistic regressions and multiple linear regression models. Our findings coincide in large measure with those obtained in earlier studies where perceived health and income play a key role in evaluating subjective well-being. In turn, several variables related to lifestyle habits, such as consuming sweets and fruits, social interaction around meals, exercising, and body mass index, were also associated with subjective well-being.

БЕДНОСТЬ, СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ НЕРАВЕНСТВО И ГОТОВНОСТЬ ПОМОГАТЬ НУЖДАЮЩИМСЯ В ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯХ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА

The paper considers the perceptions of residents of St. Petersburg about the issue of poverty based on data from a telephone survey of residents of St. Petersburg (N = 1004), conducted by the Center for Sociological and Internet Research of St. Petersburg State University in April and May 2021. It revealed the specificities of the perception of poverty by groups with different financial situations – wealthier segments of the population of St. Petersburg perceive poverty less as a socially significant challenge while for the most economically vulnerable segments of the population of St. Petersburg, poverty appears to be the main issue in Russia, they tend to opt for the structural causes of poverty (social inequality, ineffective state policy). The authors disclose the tendency of dividing the poor into those deserving the assistance and those deserving not as well as the most acceptable ways of supporting the poor for the population of St. Petersburg. Using logistic regression, they also tested the hypothesis about the influence of the perceived causes of poverty on the willingness of St. Petersburg residents to help the poor.

Life positions in self-regulation of life activity of the youth

Recently, the topic of the life positions of young people attracts more attention due to the activation of youth in the socio-political space of the society life: defending their right to participate in the formation of urban space, participation in volunteer and environmental movement, for the preservation of cultural heritage and values ​​of a various spectrum: from traditional to modern. The nature of these and other types of activity is regulated by a life position, reflecting the understanding by different groups of young people of themselves, the meaning of their life, their role in society. The article examines the essence of the life position of youth, the specifics of its formation within the existing semantic space of reality and the relationship with social activity. On the basis of the concept of socio-cultural self-regulation of life activity developed by the Center for Sociology of Youth of the Institute of Socio-Political Research FCTAS RAS and the data obtained in the course of the Center for Sociological Research, the author analyses the connection between the life position of young people and age, the level of material status and education, as well as with regional living conditions. The interconnection between the life positions of young people and their ideological attitudes towards individualism and collectivism, trust and distrust of others are described. By using structural and taxonomic modeling of the life process of young people, the interrelationships of their life positions with elements of the socio-cultural mechanism of self-regulation are considered. Thus, the author analyzes the connections between the core of the taxon of habitus of active and passive life positions of young people with archetypes, mental traits, modern features and life-meaning values, types of youth cultures. It has been established that the regulatory function of an active life position is realiszed through both traditional and modern elements of the self-regulation mechanism: by archetypes of glory and idealzation of the past, on the one hand, and rationalism, openness to everything foreign, attitude to the country as a place of residence, on the other. In turn, the regulatory function of a passive life position is predominantly formed under the influence of the conditions of the vital activities of the young people, and the role of youth types of culture and life-meaning values ​​is reduced to their awareness of the semantic content of the formed habitual attitude. The article also analyzes the indicators of the social activity of young people based on their connection with the worldview semantic attitudes.

Социальные боты в компьютерной пропаганде: серфинг на информационной волне коронавируса

В статье современный феномен инфодемии рассматривается как расширение латентных механизмов информационного воздействия. Авторы интерпретируют этот процесс в контексте концепта компьютерной пропаганды, который позволяет не только описать использование новых компьютерных технологий для манипуляции и дезинформации в социальных сетях (конструирования фейковой информации, функционирования социальных ботов и др.), но и выявить скрытые цели субъектов пропаганды в современном онлайн-пространстве. Исследовательская цель статьи связана с анализом использования социальных ботов для пропагандистского воздействия, осуществляемого на информационной волне коронавирусной эпидемической ситуации. Для реализации поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: 1) осуществлен аналитический обзор источников, где описаны новые формы и способы дезинформации в различных социальных сетях, возникшие на волне коронавирусной инфодемии — фейковых новостей, социальных ботов; 2) представлены результаты пилотажного исследования по выявлению и описанию бот-сетей в процессе тематического мониторинга социальной сети «ВКонтакте», связанных с тематикой коронавируса и функционирование которых может быть интерпретировано в контексте компьютерной пропаганды. Исследование проводилось на базе Центра социологических и интернет-исследований СПбГУ в период с 16 марта по 26 мая 2020 г. по авторской методике анализа всплесков сетевой публикационной активности в сочетании с комплексной методикой выявления ботнетов, включающей метод частотного анализа размещаемых сообщений, профайлинг бот-аккаунтов, статистический анализ текстов, анализ структурной организации бот-сети, а также анализ контента публикаций. В результате был обнаружен ряд ботнетов, которые, используя волну популярной темы коронавируса в пропагандистских целях, осуществляют продвижение в информационном поле социальной сети: 1) оппозиционного политического контента с критикой власти и отечественной системы здравоохранения; 2) конспирологических нарративов, связанных с опасностью массового отравления продуктов, воды и лекарственных препаратов, а также с опасностью «цифрового рабства» населения путем массового введения биометрических данных. Благодарность. Исследование выполнено в рамках гранта РФФИ 20-011-31318 «Коммуникативные стратегии политико-ориентированных онлайн-сообществ в социальных сетях». Исследование проведено с использованием оборудования Центра социологических и интернет-исследований Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета.

Perfil sociodemográfico y actitudes políticas de los grupos a favor y en contra de limitar la libre circulación de información durante la pandemia

The Covid-19 pandemic has produced not only a terrible sanitary crisis but also several problems related to the circulation of disinformation in the context of hybrid and increasingly fragmented media systems. In this work, we analyze a polemical question included in the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) survey conducted in April about the appropriateness of limiting free circulation of information to avoid diffusion of fake news and disinformation. The goals are to (1) analyze the sociodemographic traits of those in favor of limiting the free circulation of information, and (2) explore their general political preferences and affiliations, and the association with attitudes regarding freedom of information. The results obtained through a quantitative methodological approach based on contingency tables and standardized residuals indicate that the most common sociodemographic profile of those in favor of limiting the flow of information is the following: young women (between 18 and 25 years) with secondary education who live in small municipalities and belong to the lower social class. Moreover, the findings illustrate that there is a significant statistical association between supporting the limitation of information and different indicators of supporting the Socialist government: voting and sympathizing with the Socialist Party, self-location in the extreme left, and trusting both the central government management of the crisis and the leadership of Pedro Sánchez. Resumen La pandemia ocasionada por la crisis de la Covid-19 ha supuesto no sólo una terrible crisis sanitaria, sino importantes problemas relacionados con la difusión de desinformación en el contexto de sistemas mediáticos híbridos y crecientemente fragmentados. Analizamos la polémica pregunta del CIS (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas) sobre la pertinencia de limitar la libre circulación de información para restringir la difusión de bulos y noticias falsas. El objetivo es: 1) analizar las características sociodemográficas básicas de quienes se declararon partidarios de restringir la libre circulación informativa, y 2) explorar sus inclinaciones políticas e ideológicas, y su asociación con las actitudes en torno a la libertad informativa. Así, mediante una metodología cuantitativa basada en tablas de contingencia y residuos tipificados corregidos, los resultados reflejan que el perfil sociodemográfico más frecuente entre los partidarios de limitar la libertad informativa es el de una mujer joven (entre 18 y 25 años), con estudios secundarios, que vive en municipios pequeños y declara pertenecer a la clase social baja. Además, los resultados ilustran que existe una asociación estadística significativa entre apoyar la restricción informativa y diversos indicadores de apoyo al Gobierno central: votar y simpatizar con el PSOE, situarse en la extrema izquierda, confiar en la gestión de la pandemia del Gobierno central y confiar en su presidente.

Factors explaining social resilience against COVID-19: the case of Spain

ABSTRACT Between March and May, Spain was one of the hardest-hit European countries by the COVID-19 pandemic and registered one of the highest death rates in the world. Among other measures, the political response was a lockdown of more than three months that was applied by means of six fifteen-day extensions. The Spanish Sociological Research Centre (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas; CIS, in its Spanish acronym) carried out a survey in early June (n = 4,258) asking respondents about their rating of the response to the situation and their ability to cope with further extensions of the state of emergency. The concept of resilience is key to understanding this situation and the population's ability to face up to it. This paper analyses factors that help bolster resilience, which include confidence in the political leader and in the perception or rating of the measures adopted. The conclusion highlights the importance of political communication, both of leadership and of political measures, in fostering social resilience.

¿Quién se expone a los sondeos preelectorales en campaña? Voto estratégico y competencia electoral en España (2011-2019)

The increased relevance of pre-election polls in campaigns raises an interesting debate about their effects on voting. This article analyzes the type of voters who are exposed to the polls and the impact of the latter on those voters’ final decision. Based on data from post-electoral surveys by the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) for the general elections held in Spain in November 2011, December 2015 and April 2019, a statistical analysis model is presented to observe the people most likely to be exposed to polls and how the size of the constituency and internal electoral competition affect this consumption. The results show a transformation of voting decision mechanisms, that have been used as a source of information to develop a strategic vote, especially in the April 2019 elections. With the parliamentary entry of the right-wing populist party, VOX, and the consolidation of polarized pluralism in Spain, the data reveal a higher exposure in provinces with fewer seats and where electoral competition between parties is greater.

Decisiones laborales de las mujeres casadas o cohabitantes en España

The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of employment decisions (entry and exit from employment) of married or cohabiting women in Spain. We use the Fertility, Family and Values Survey of 2006, conducted by the Sociological Research Centre in 2006. The econometric technique deployed consists in different discrete-time duration models using Meyer’s application (Meyer, 1990) to Prentice-Gloeckler model (1978) that enables control for unobserved heterogeneity. The results show, among other things, that highly educated women and women from more recent cohorts are more likely to (re-)enter the labour market after marriage. Mothers of small children are more likely to exit employment than non-mothers.

La percepción de los debates como factor de decisión en el comportamiento electoral en las Elecciones Generales de abril de 2019

Introducción: En el presente trabajo se analizan los efectos de los debates electorales sobre las percepciones de los ciudadanos acerca de los candidatos y sobre el voto a los principales partidos en las Elecciones Generales de abril de 2019. Metodología: Análisis descriptivo y modelos lineales generalizados con link logit para explicar el voto, mediante el empleo del Estudio nº 3248 Postelectoral Elecciones Generales, 2019 elaborado por el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS). Resultados: Los modelos muestran que la percepción acerca de qué candidato resultó el más convincente en los debates electores influye significativamente en el voto. Discusión y conclusiones: Los debates electorales tienen un efecto principalmente de refuerzo tanto del voto como de los liderazgos de los participantes en estos.

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОРИЕНТИРЫ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЕЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА

Statement of the problem. The article deals with professional guiding principles among teachers in a pedagogical university, which are an element of the quality of a staff. The quality problem of the staff of teachers in a pedagogical university is relevant, and the real professional guidelines of teachers that they implement while training future teachers are poorly studied. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe professional guiding principles among teachers in a pedagogical university based on empirical analysis. The methodology of the study is an empirical study based on the conceptual conclusions of a sociological, socio-psychological and pedagogical nature, described in classical works (E. Durkheim, P. Sorokin, L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, V.V. Davydov). The article is based on the materials of a sociological survey conducted by the center for comprehensive sociological research of the KSPU named after V.P. Astaf,iev among teachers of the pedagogical university. Research results. Theoretical analysis and empirical research have shown that teachers, professional guiding principles can be represented by a meaningful relationship between guidelines in their teaching activities and guidelines that are significant in evaluating students. The factor analysis made it possible to identify three significant factors of professional guiding principles among teachers of the pedagogical university: formal – academic; professionalism – adaptation; pedagogical-social. The results obtained showed that the professional guidelines of university teachers are highly dependent and related to their work experience at the university. Conclusion. The research approach to the study of professional guidelines among the teaching staff of a pedagogical university is tested in this study and in this article. The majority (82 %) of the teaching staff of the pedagogical university are teachers with long experience. The very structure of professional guidelines is related and highly differentiated by the length of service of teachers at the university. The effective research continuation could be further development of elements and content of the quality of the teaching staff to train teachers of the future in modern conditions.

The role of social institutions in developing self-preservation behavior among the population

This article analyzes the population’s self-preservation behavior based on the example of residents of Russia’s Central Federal District. It is shown that self-preservation is a critical component when it comes to defining a country’s demographical configuration and social development forecast model. Self-preservation and its effects turn out to be a response to consequences of social policy and the overall dynamics of life quality indexes, while shaping generational varieties of chronotopes. Self-preservation trajectories and strategies evolve as a result of socialization assisted by primary social institutions. This article presents the results of studying the population’s self-preservation behavior models and the institutional factors which affect their development, while emphasizing the role of social institutions in shaping the people’s attitudes in regards to their own health. The influence of primary social institutions such as family and marriage, economic and political institutions, external socialization and the healthcare system on a person’s self-preservation attitudes is subject to analysis. Institutional influence is evaluated from a health condition and total life expectancy standpoint, while examining the effect institutions have on establishing self-preservation habitus and strategies, the significance of institutional barriers and the stressful impact that institutions have on the population. The empirical models used were based on studies conducted by the International Sociological Research Center at the Belgorod State National Research University in the Central Federal District in 2019. The results of those studies allowed for defining the role of social institutions within each index of the “importance model”. It was found that institutional impact plays a minimal role in terms of the people’s health status and solutions for modifying their attitudes towards the matter, while total life expectancy is determined primarily by economic institutions. Self-preservation behavior habitus is shaped through the institution of family and marriage. The study revealed a negative influence on self-preservation behavior through the institutional barriers of external socialization institutions. The healthcare system bore the greatest stress potential. The study can be concluded by saying that the population of the Central Federal District is prepared to assume personal responsibility for their health, and by pointing out a lack of any substantial dependence on institutions: when it comes to the people’s evaluation of their own self-preservation strategies, the role of an individual not bound by institutions, together with the institution of family and marriage, dominates in terms of the intrinsic impact of the roles of all social subjects.

Happiness perception in Spain, a SEM approach to evidence from the sociological research center

In the current study, we examined the relationship between perceived person happiness and factors that influence this perception, also, is inferred that life satisfaction is influence by happiness. Among 2494 Spaniards individuals of both sexes, we found that these individuals valued political situation, economic situation and socio-demographic characteristics to have a strong association in that order, with happiness and that this last construct is a fundamental factor to life satisfaction. The importance of perception is validated using a structural equation model that evaluates relationships and validity on the constructs in question. Collinearity statistics, average variance extracted, and an estimated partial least square regression model are evaluated to confirm independent meaning, correct construct measure and endogenous variable explanation by the predictive constructs. Results indicate that the level of happiness in Spaniards is most influenced by political perception. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, and it is proposed to continue this study in a non-developed country.

¿La incertidumbre política afecta a la inversión en el Ibex 35?

En la Bolsa influyen factores intrínsecos que afectan directamente a los movimientos del Ibex 35 como son; el tipo de interés, factores socioculturales, factores políticos, económicos y financieros. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar si la incertidumbre política afecta a la inversión bursátil. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un análisis econométrico, utilizando las series históricas del Ibex 35 como variable endógena, mientras que las variables explicativas del modelo son las valoraciones de la situación política actual recogidas en el barómetro que realiza el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. Este estudio determina como principal conclusión que la situación política si afecta al nivel de aversión al riesgo de los inversores y, por tanto, el comportamiento de los inversores no es tan racional como requiere una eficiencia perfecta de los mercados. Se concluye que la toma de decisiones viene condicionada por el estado de ánimo de los inversores el cual se ve afectado por la incertidumbre política en el momento que se lleve a cabo la inversión.

Социальные боты как инструмент развития гражданского участия

Статья посвящена социальным ботам — автоматизированным программным комплексам, позволяющим распространять информацию с большой скоростью и эффективностью, в том числе за счет имитации поведения реальных пользователей социальных сетей. В силу резонансных процессов использования социальных ботов, в первую очередь в политической коммуникации (электоральные практики, астротурфинг, манипуляция общественным мнением и др.), в фокус внимания исследователей попадают «злонамеренные» боты. Авторы статьи придерживаются более широкого подхода к социальным ботам, рассматривая их как нейтральный инструмент информационного воздействия, который может использоваться различными социальными агентами как в целях распространения манипулятивной дезинформации, так и в целях конструктивной пропаганды интересов различных групп гражданского общества, создавая «эффект мегафона». В этом плане предлагается рассматривать использование социальных ботов как инструмента для реализации различных форм гражданского участия. В связи с этим в статье решаются следующие задачи: 1) анализ источников, описывающих практики использования социальных ботов для расширения гражданского участия в разных странах; 2) выявление и описание социальных ботов в социальной сети «ВКонтакте», используемых гражданскими активистами. Для этого применяется: 1) комплексная авторская методика, объединяющая метод частотного анализа размещаемых сообщений, профайлинг бот-аккаунтов, включающий статичный и поведенческий анализ данных профиля пользователя, визуализацию графов соотношения «текст — автор», анализ структурной организации бот-сети (ботнета), а также анализ контента публикаций; 2) дополнительная методика по всплескам сетевой публикационной активности. В результате были выявлены три ботнета («Обманутые дольщики ЛенСпецСтроя», «Новости жителей Кудрово», «Новости жителей Мурино»), анализ контента которых позволяет говорить о реализации ими различных форм гражданского участия: представление интересов групп гражданского общества, призыв к совместным активным действиям в онлайн- и офлайн-пространстве, социальный контроль за деятельностью чиновников, обеспечение прозрачности информации, поступающей от государственных и бизнес-структур.
 Благодарность. Исследование выполнено в рамках гранта РФФИ 18-011-00988 «Структура бот-пространства онлайн социальных сетей: сетевой анализ". Исследования проведены с использованием оборудования ресурсного центра Научного парка СПбГУ «Центр социологических и Интернет-исследований».

Повестка протестных онлайн-сообществ Санкт-Петербурга во «ВКонтакте»

Статья посвящена онлайн-сообществам, представляющим активные протестные движения Санкт-Петербурга в социальной сети «ВКонтакте». Современные российские протестные движения активно используют ресурсы социальных сетей для координации и агитации. Период с начала 2010-х годов отметился бумом активности протестных сообществ в интернет-пространстве, что проявилось во множестве кейсов, начиная с событий на Болотной площади и заканчивая митингами 2018-2019 гг. против пенсионной реформы.
 Контент онлайн-сообществ остается важным и недооцененным ресурсом осмысления публикационных стратегий. Он содержит большое количество информации о ключевых темах, акторах, требованиях и символах движений, а также применяемых форматах цифрового активизма, таких как использование электронных петиций или флешмобов. Целью исследования является описание повестки протестных онлайн-групп на основе ключевых характеристик протестных движений, проявляющихся в публикуемом контенте.
 Для исследования были отобраны посты семи наиболее активных сообществ, представляющих различные движения: «Комитет защиты Петербурга», «Движение “Весна”», «Защитим Исаакиевский Собор», «Нет живодерству в России. СПб.», «Сохраним Пулковскую Обсерваторию», «Санкт-Петербургское отделение ЛКСМ», «Команда Навального | Санкт-Петербург» — за 2017-2018 гг. Описаны структура и основные характеристики контента для каждой площадки. Проанализированы основные сходства и различия протестных онлайн-сообществ.
 Благодарность. Авторы выражают благодарность коллективу Центра социологических и интернет-исследований Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета. Исследование выполнено при поддержке РФФИ, грант 18-011-00477 «Cоциологический анализ протестного потенциала российской студенческой молодежи».

Participation in crowdfunding among users of collaborative platforms: the role of innovativeness and social capital

This work aims to elucidate the profile of participants in crowdfunding initiatives among users of collaborative platforms, considering them as agents with a high likelihood of taking part in these initiatives due to being users of digital services. This delimitation is performed by investigating the link between two intrinsic factors (innovativeness and social capital) and participation in crowdfunding initiatives. After the analysis of a sample generated by the Sociological Research Centre (CIS) of 422 users of collaborative platforms, it is found that the two intrinsic factors analyzed are linked with participation in crowdfunding initiatives. Moreover, differentiation in participation among users of collaborative platforms corresponds to the adoption of new services (higher for crowdfunding participants) and bridging social capital (lower for crowdfunding participants). The results obtained suggest incorporation of crowdfunding projects in vertical thematic financial platforms to take advantage of the effect of social capital and innovative capacity to increase participation and maintain diversity of effective financing formulas.

Применение метода социального картирования в исследовании специфики международной академической мобильности

The paper deals with the use of social mapping while studying the current issues of university competitiveness and the specific nature of students’ international academic mobility. The research analyzes education services exports and imports on both international and Russian markets and provides the statistical data of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics and Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation over the past 5 years. The study presents the social maps with quantitative indicators of the social process under review. The author concludes that inbound and outbound international academic mobility is unevenly implemented in Russian universities. Its causes, effects, and constraining factors are revealed. In conclusion, it is recommended to improve university competitiveness through the expansion and intensification of international academic mobility.