Trajectories of socioeconomic status, non-communicable diseases, and chronic pain in relation to dementia risk among middle-aged and older adults: A multi-cohort longitudinal study.

Role of socioeconomic status in children's resource allocation under inequality.

Psychosocial problems, sexual violence victimization, and substance use among sexual and gender minorities in India: An intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (I-MAIHDA).

Body size, cardiometabolic risk, and educational disparities in mortality among U.S. adults, 1988-2019.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Lives of Young Adults: Exploring Motivations and Mental Health.

Subtypes of adverse childhood experiences and depression among adult cancer survivors: Evidence from a population-based study.

Sociodemographic and parental health factors associated with initiation of human papillomavirus vaccination among boys in a national free-of-charge program in Denmark.

Association between cortisol and cardiovascular reactivity varied in child maltreatment.

Impacts of perseverative coping on depression risk among young people living in poverty.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of mortality, strongly influenced by diet. Research in this field has evolved from the analysis of nutrients to the evaluation of dietary patterns (DP), with the aim of more accurately reflecting real eating behaviors. A variety of statistical methods are employed to identify DP, leading to heterogeneous results. This variability highlights the need for methodological standardization to improve comparability and evidence synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the statistical methodologies used to identify a posteriori DP and determine their relationship with CVD. A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was carried out, including observational studies conducted on adults aged 18 years and over. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD4202525642904). The analysis of 18 studies that identified a posteriori DP related to CVD was conducted. Across the included studies, DP were mainly derived using principal component analyses (PCA), although variability existed in component selection and factor loading thresholds. Most studies assessed sampling adequacy, applied Varimax orthogonal rotation, and selected components based on eigenvalue thresholds >1, although cut-offs varied. A small number of studies combined PCA with other multivariate approaches. Despite heterogeneity in identified patterns, Western, traditional, animal-based, and Mediterranean DP were most frequently reported. Western patterns were associated with increased CVD, whereas Mediterranean patterns showed a protective effect. CVD-related DP are highly variable, depending on factors such as sex, culture and socio-economic status. This underlines the importance of standardizing dietary collection and assessment methods.

Examining Changes Over Time in the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Adolescents Who Drink Heavily in Australia.

Predictors of treatment engagement in a group-based, telehealth smoking cessation program.

Links between parental internalizing disorder severity and default mode network connectivity in adolescent offspring.

COVID-19 anxiety's influence on obsessive compulsive symptoms among African American young adults.

Studies based on teachers’ self-reports often find that teachers use different disciplinary practices towards students from minoritized ethnic-racial groups and of low socioeconomic status (SES) than towards their peers. However, these studies do not investigate actual student and teacher behaviour or underlying mechanisms. It is also unclear whether the results stemming mostly from US-based studies can be transferred to contexts outside the US. The present study addresses these issues and investigates teachers’ disciplinary behaviour using videographies of real-life classrooms in Germany. This enables us to observe actual student and teacher behaviour simultaneously and investigate potential teacher-based discrimination towards students of an ethnically minoritized group and of low SES. We also examine teachers’ stereotypes as potential moderators. The study is based on secondary data and includes a sample containing information on 18 teachers and around 200 students. The exact sample sizes will be available only after the analyses. Student and teacher behaviour was coded in 34 10-min video sequences from 18 German and mathematics classes by trained raters blind to the research questions. The resulting data will be analysed together with demographic and questionnaire data available in the dataset using a series of multilevel logistic regressions. As this study is submitted as a stage I registered report, currently no results can be reported. Results of this study will provide valuable information on classroom processes in which teacher-based discrimination might be observable. It will also elucidate the role of teachers’ stereotypes as a potential mechanism. • Discipline gaps are examined via videographies of real-life classrooms in Germany. • Students' ethnic-racial and socioeconomic backgrounds are considered. • Teachers' explicit stereotypes are investigated as potential moderators.

This study examines how Islamic Work Ethic (IWE) relates to well-being among working Muslims, emphasizing the roles of socio-economic, cultural, and demographic conditions rather than assuming uniform benefits. Using hierarchical mixed-effects models on 13,561 employed Muslims in 46 countries from the 7th Wave of the World Values Survey (2017-2022), we analyse IWE in relation to five facets of well-being: happiness, subjective health, freedom of choice and control, life satisfaction, and financial satisfaction. The results show that IWE is positively associated with overall well-being and with each facet, with stronger links for subjective health and perceived freedom of choice and control, and more modest associations for happiness and life satisfaction. Subgroup analyses indicate that the IWE-well-being association is statistically robust in Muslim-majority countries but weaker and not significant in non-Muslim-majority contexts, consistent with a cultural fit interpretation. Across income, gender, and marital-status groups, the association between IWE and well-being remains positive, although its magnitude varies. The study situates IWE within a multidimensional well-being framework, shows that its benefits are generally favourable but modest and context dependent, and highlights the importance of aligning organizational and policy initiatives with both Islamic work values and structural conditions that support health, agency, and financial security.

Housing and malaria risk: Evidence across ecological and climatic gradients in sub-Saharan Africa.

Racial and gender disparities in patient-centered communication among older adults in the United States.

Serial associations of depressive symptoms and functional impairment in the social isolation-cognitive function relationship: Findings from the Hubei Memory and Aging Cohort Study.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. Although suicide attempts are most frequently associated with mood, sleep, and personality disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may also confer risk. We hypothesized that ADHD is independently associated with suicide attempts beyond the effects of psychiatric comorbidities. We conducted a retrospective, population-based case-control study using electronic medical records from Clalit Health Services (N=1,652,752) among adolescents aged 12-18years. The study group comprised 1763 adolescents who presented to emergency departments for attempted suicide between 2010 and 2022. Diagnoses were based on ICD-10 and DSM-5 criteria. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between ADHD and attempted suicide while adjusting for comorbid psychiatric disorders. Adolescents who attempted suicide exhibited a markedly higher female-to-male ratio (80%:20%) than the general population (51%:49%). Higher socioeconomic status among adolescents with ADHD was significantly associated with increased attempted suicide risk. Comorbidities, including major depressive disorder, anxiety, and personality disorders, were also linked to suicide attempts. Importantly, ADHD remained an independent risk factor for attempted suicide even after excluding significant psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., without depression: OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.91-2.35; without borderline personality disorder: OR 2.39, 95% CI 2.15-2.65). ADHD significantly increases the risk of suicide attempts in adolescents, independent of common psychiatric comorbidities. These findings underscore the need for targeted screening and prevention strategies in this high-risk population.