Socio-psychological Effects Research Articles

Effects of unemployment rural youth on rural development (ORIC-13-03)

Rural youth in Pakistan play very significant character in the political, economic, rural development and social change. The research work is the socio-psychological effects on rural development in the aspect of unemployment on the personality of jobless youth in Tehsil Jaranwala, District Faisalabad-Pakistan. A multistage sampling technique was applied for data collection. At the 2nd stage, two union councils were randomly selected from selected tehsil and at the 3rd stage; two villages were randomly selected from selected union councils. Total numbers of 120 respondents were interviewed from different villages. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data for drawing conclusion(s). Majority of the respondents agreed that unemployment leads to poor mental health, drug addiction, corruption, rural development, crime, dishonesty, depression and anxiety. A highly significant association was found between family income of the respondents and psychological impact of unemployment. Key words: Unemployment, rural development, Pakistan.

An Investigation on the Impact of the Socio�Psychological Effects of Teacher Disposition on the Academic Performance of Students in a Diversely Populated Elementary School

An Investigation on the Impact of the Socio�Psychological Effects of Teacher Disposition on the Academic Performance of Students in a Diversely Populated Elementary School

¿Es posible el empoderamiento en tiempos de crisis? Repensando el desarrollo humano en el nuevo siglo

Se hace una reflexión abierta sobre la viabilidad del empoderamiento psicosocial hoy. Tras examinar algunos efectos sociopsicológicos de la actual crisis económica, se proponen las cuestiones básicas (significado teórico-ideológico, viabilidad práctica, nivel operativo, carácter subjetivo u objetivo) implicadas en el empoderamiento y se describen las dificultades del empoderamiento microsocial frente a las tendencias (concentración, opacidad, lejanía, incomprensibilidad) del poder macrosocial en el mundo postindustrial. Se apuntan algunos retos prácticos del tema para la Psicología Comunitaria poniendo de relieve la limitación de sus medios (explicativos-ideológicos, técnicos, personales-morales, institucionales) en relación a los ambiciosos fines empoderadores y describiendo finalmente, los tres componentes (subjetivo-concienciador, interactivo-organizador, acción social) del proceso empoderador y las limitaciones (y posibilidades) de la acción psicosocial al respecto.

Management of Farmer-Herdsmen Conflicts in North-Central Nigeria: Implications for Collaboration between Agricultural Extension Service and other Stakeholders

Incessant resource-based conflicts between farmers and herdsmen continue to undermine the impact of agricultural extension service delivery in Nigeria. This study focuses on the perceptions of conflict and coping strategies among farmers and herdsmen towards identifying a role for Extension in management of farmer-herdsmen conflict. Multi-stage cluster random sampling technique was used to select 300 farmers and 60 cattle herdsmen for the research, using an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data elicitation. Most farmers (78%) perceived the conflict situation as a ‘loss’, while 68% of herdsmen perceived it as ‘threat’. Also, 75% of farmers used ‘problem-oriented’ coping strategies, while 73% of herdsmen mainly used ‘emotion-oriented’ coping strategies. Sixty-two percent of farmers and 7% of herdsmen alternatively used ‘social-support’ strategies. Pearson correlations showed that annual income (r=0.773, p=0.001), farm size (r=0.82, p=0.002), non-farm income (r= -0.71, p=0.003) and household size (r=0.651, p=0.004) were the significant correlates of loss perception among farmers; while among herdsmen, the significant correlates of threat perception were age (r=0.611, p=0.033) and herd size (r=0.814, p=0.002). Furthermore, only 4% of total respondents perceived the conflict situation as ‘opportunity to gain’. The paper concludes that farmer-herdsmen conflicts in Nigeria need not become inflexible as they currently seem, and suggests the setting up of a three-tier farmer-herdsmen conflict management committee. The paper recommends a functional role for Extension in periodic revision and enhanced awareness of and compliance with stock routes, as well as Extension staff and clientele training on appropriate coping mechanisms to douse the socio-psychological effects of conflicts.

Christopher Gill, Tim Whitmarsh and John Wilkins (eds), Galen and the World of Knowledge

The 13 contributions gathered in this volume are based on a conference with the same title held in Exeter in 2005. The aim of this volume, as well as that of the conference, is to study Galen as an ‘intellectual’ by examining his ‘world of knowledge’, which is broadly defined as both the sophisticated Hellenised culture Galen responded to and the body of knowledge Galen created through his intellectual activities and treatises (p. 8). The reader will find a collection of familiar and respected names in ancient medicine and Galenic studies (Boudon-Millot, Flemming, Lloyd, Manetti, Nutton, Tieleman, van der Eijk and von Staden), as well as some relatively new names added to the mix (Chiaradonna, Gleason and König). The first four chapters pertain to Galen's relationship to his intellectual culture. Nutton brings to light the similarities between Galen's erudition and that of other Greek literati in his discussion of what Galen's scattered quotations and allusions to medical, philosophical and literary works reveal about the actual contents of Galen's library. Although lacking an adequate treatment of periautologia as it relates to the rhetorical situation Galen faced in writing an auto-bibliographical work, König provides a much-needed discussion of the rhetorical conventions of Galen's self-presentation in his prefatory remarks by comparing Galen's preface in On the Order of My Own Books with those of Nicomachus' Enchiridion and Quintilian's Orator's Education. Added to these are Flemming's and Gleason's chapters which offer some interesting speculations as to the philosophical traditions and social influences that contributed to Galen's conception of the Demiurge found in many of his teleological explanations of the formation of the human body and, respectively, the socio-psychological effects of Galen's anatomical demonstrations on his audiences.

The effect of non-pecuniary motivations on labor supply

People value work not only as a means of earning income to satisfy their consumption needs but also as a direct source of satisfaction for its socio-psychological effects (non-pecuniary benefits). I show that once non-pecuniary effects of working time are incorporated in the standard labor-supply model: (i) the wage rate under-estimates ( over-estimates ) the true opportunity cost of non-work/leisure time when working time has non-pecuniary benefits (costs), (ii) non-pecuniary work motivations can substitute for monetary wages as work incentives, (iii) at very low wage rates, work can become a net source of utility , and (iv) the implied shape of labor-supply curve differs starkly from those implied by standard theory. I identify conditions under which a greater non-pecuniary work motivation induces a larger supply of labor, and examine the effects of non-wage income on supplies of paid work and voluntary work when there are non-pecuniary benefits associated with both types of work.

Martial arts and socially vulnerable youth. An analysis of Flemish initiatives

Notwithstanding the lack of empirical support for its positive socio-psychological effects, numerous educators and welfare workers make use of martial arts in their work with socially vulnerable youth. Using qualitative methodology, the aims, approaches and personal experiences were analysed of teachers and co-ordinators involved in specific martial arts programmes (n=12) for disadvantaged youth in Flanders (Belgium). Results revealed that although all respondents were very positive with regard to the effects of their programmes on the youngsters they work with, most would not regard these as different from the effects resulting from regular participation in sport or other social activities. Martial arts were selected because of their specific attraction to youth. Findings also showed that great importance was attached to the type of guidance used.

Tyranny and mental health

Tyrannical states came into existence with the emergence of the state as a socio-political phenomenon a few thousand years ago and are, therefore, novel creations from the standpoint of human evolution. A recent and particularly virulent form of tyranny was invented during the twentieth century in the form of totalitarianism. Such states utilise physical and psychological coercion as their primary method of governance. It is proposed that this will have mental health consequences on both the rulers and the ruled. The psychological roots of tyrannical systems are explored and some of the possible socio-psychological effects are discussed. The Iraqi Ba'th regime is used as an exemplar of a third world totalitarian state. It is suggested that the prevention of mass violations of basic human rights should become an international responsibility and this may, therefore, require a redefinition of the concept of sovereignty. Furthermore, it is proposed that the international community should share the responsibility of assisting in the process of social repair in the aftermath of the fall of tyrannical states.

Transformational School Leadership Effects: A Replication

Most school restructuring initiatives assume significant capacity development on the part of individuals, as well as whole organizations; they also depend on high levels of motivation and commitment to solving the substantial problems associated with the implementation of restructuring initiatives. Transformational approaches to leadership have long been advocated as productive under these conditions, and evidence suggests that transformational practices do contribute to the development of capacity and commitment. Much less evidence is available, however, about whether these socio-psychological effects actually result in organizational change and enhanced organizational outcomes. Survey data from an achieved sample of 1818 teachers and 6490 students from 94 elementary schools in one large district were used to replicate an earlier study of the effects of transformational leadership practices on selected organizational conditions and student engagement with school. Similar in most respects to our earlier study, results demonstrated strong significant effects of such leadership on organizational conditions, and moderate but still significant total effects on student engagement.

Using Refugee Stories in Social Work Education

ABSTRACT Facilitating the adjustment of refugees can be a challenging task for social workers because these involuntary migrants are often both culturally different and psychologically traumatized. Powerful stories about the refugee experience can, therefore, be valuable tools in the preparation of social workers. They can be used to build background knowledge, because they document the experiences of refugees and the sociopsychological effects of those experiences. They can also be used to complement and illustrate theory and are especially valuable, because they permit us to see the receiving country and its agencies from a refugee perspective. Last, they can effectively raise issues for discussion and/or further investigation. This pedagogical potential is illustrated by reference to eight short stories, one biography and a collection of first-person narratives.

The Chinese single-child family programme and population psychology.

Following the Chinese population explosion in the early 1950s and late 1960s, the implementation of the single-child family planning programme in the 1970s caused a drastic decline in the natural growth rate of population in China. In this paper demographic data are presented to show population growth at various periods in Chinese history. The socio-psychological effects and problems encountered in the administration of the Chinese single-child family policy in recent decades are discussed. A population cycle caused by the abrupt change in population may last for 60 to 80 years until the mid-21st century. Around A.D. 2010 when there will be about equal number of children and old people in the Chinese society, a dilemma betweenparental investment and successor's investment may occur. The long-term consequence of the single-child family policy would be an aged society with more elders than children in society. A support system must therefore be designed as a mechanism to keep the Chinese three generation family system intact to care for the old. Grandparenting is suggested as a means to maintain inter-dependence in the family to cope with the dynamics of the changing inter-generation patterns. Classical Confucian ideology is considered important to maintain the traditional Chinese social institutions and ethical values.

あふれ出しの社会心理学的効果 : 路地空間へのあふれ出し調査からみた計画概念の仮説と検証 その2

あふれ出しの社会心理学的効果 : 路地空間へのあふれ出し調査からみた計画概念の仮説と検証 その2

After the missiles. Sociopsychological effects of nuclear war.

After the missiles. Sociopsychological effects of nuclear war.

After the missiles: Sociopsychological effects of nuclear war.

After the missiles: Sociopsychological effects of nuclear war.

Children's Work in Four Cultures: Determinants and Consequences

The issue of the sociopsychological consequences of children's work is of practical importance (Greenberger 1983; Stephens 1979), and anthropologists have devoted a good deal of attention to the problem (Benedict 1938; Bolton, Bolton, Gross, Koel, Michelson, Munroe, and Munroe 1976; Ember 1973; Erikson 1950; Weisner and Gallimore 1977; Whiting and Whiting 1971, 1975). Only recently, however, have comparable cross-cultural efforts been made to try to identify the life conditions that elicit work from children (Nag, White, and Peet 1978; Minge-Kalman 1978; Weisner and Gallimore 1977). In this paper, by means of systematic observations of threeto nine-year-old children and their parents in four communities of varied cultural traditions, we take up both the recent question of the determinants of children's work and the more frequently posed question of the sociopsychological effects of that work. The theoretical approach, grounded in broadly cultural materialist terms, is based on the assumptions that (a) children will be expected to work where they are of economic value, and (b) the experience of working will have implications for their developing character. In looking for factors that might influence the level of the children's contribution to the