Socio-historical Context Research Articles

Жизненный путь личности: опыт социально-философской концептуализации

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to carry out a socio-philosophical analysis of the scientific heritage of researchers of the concept of the “life path of a personality”, to systematize the material, as well as to create a foundation for a socio-philosophical understanding of this category. Theoretical analysis. The article identifies three dimensions through which the concept under study is presented: everyday, artistic and scientific. Their specificity is determined, as well as the existing difficulties in their relationship. The main concepts of S. Buhler, S. L. Rubinstein, B. G. Ananyev are analyzed to identify significant elements of the socio-philosophical understanding of the category. Conclusion. The research uses the potential of social philosophy to comprehend the experience of scientists who have consolidated the concept of a life path in scientific discourse, as well as laid the foundation for its further understanding. Seven grounds were identified: scientific justification, integrity of the path, dynamics and consistency, heterogeneity of direction, points of beginning and end, the subject of the path, socio-historical context. The identified elements in the author’s positions allow us to talk about the chosen phenomenon from the point of view of consistency. The results obtained will allow us to continue the socio-philosophical study of the concept of the life path of a personality, which can serve as a basis for ensuring the stability of the personality of being in modern conditions.

Contextualizing Lives and Historical Time: Examining Changes in the Transition to Adulthood and Age-Arrest Trajectories from the 1960s to 2018

Objectives: The changing nature and timing of adult role acquisition during the transition to adulthood over the past several decades may hold implications for criminal offending as adult roles are fundamental to theories of desistance. This research explores whether changes in adult role attainment during young adulthood are associated with the changes in the level and slope of the age-arrest trajectory over the past half-century. Methods: Combining US Census and Uniform Crime Report data, we map the average rate of adult role attainment (e.g., marriage, parenthood, labor force, independent living) and aggregate age-arrest trajectories among young adults (ages 18-24) biennially from 1960 to 2018. We fit a multilevel growth curve model where ages are nested within years to examine whether variation in the aggregate age-arrest trajectory is associated with variation in the attainment of adulthood. Results: At the macro level, periods with higher levels of adult role attainment are associated with a swifter decline in the young adult arrest rate but not the level. Conclusions: This research positions sociohistorical context at the center of life course criminological inquiry and highlights how historical shifts in the attainment and timing of adult social roles can alter behavioral patterns during the transition to adulthood.

Introduction: the aesthetic agency of minor literature

This introductory essay traces a genealogy of the notion of the minor in critical theories of the past four decades to then articulate the notion’s aesthetic dimension. Foregrounding that dimension, we argue, offers a powerful analytical tool for fostering a dialogue between world literature and postcolonial studies. Through a critical survey of the important work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Abdul R. JanMohamed and David Lloyd, Pascale Casanova, Françoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih, as well as David Damrosch and Bergur Rønne Moberg, we contend that these theoretical formulations of the minor have rarely lived up to their methodological promise to articulate creativity, change, and solidarity in ways that are in the final instance not determined by vertical opposition to the major or by an overly restrictive account of aesthetic agency. Going back to the work of Kafka that is so central to Casanova’s and to Deleuze and Guattari’s account of the minor, we retrieve the figure of Odradek and propose to read it as instantiating a self-reflexive aesthetic intervention that configures its own relation to political constraints. This insistence on aesthetic agency, we submit, challenges and complements both Deleuze and Guattari’s groundbreaking philosophical and political account of the minor and world literature’s focus on circulation and postcolonial studies’ emphasis on sociohistorical contexts. The introductory essay concludes by presenting the six essays that make up the special issue, and emphasizes the ways in which these essays’ attention to the formal and imaginative devices of the minor pluralize the notion by articulating not only minor literatures and languages, but also literary figures (children, women, sisters, queer men), genres (short story cycles, flash fiction, buried laments), and literary practices (indirect translation, diasporic publication, rewriting, adaptation) in ways that capitalize on the aesthetic agency of the minor.

“Stop the Offensive of the Activated Conservative Forces”: The Political Background of the Anti- Fedorov Campaign of 1982–1983

This is the fourth and fi nal article of the thematic series devoted to the publication in 1982 of Nikolai Fedorov’s “Works” as part of the “Philosophical Heritage” academic series (library). In this article the author, on the basis of the socio-historical context reconstruction, attempts to identify political fi gures who could have been the initiators of the campaign to discredit the project associated with the popularization of the ideological heritage of Nikolai Fedorov and the publication of his “Works” in the “Philosophical Heritage” series.

시대적 제약 속에 문화적 기업가정신(Cultural Entrepreneurship)

This study explores the founding and development process of Cloud Gate Dance Theatre, the first professional modern dance company in Taiwan, established in 1973 by Lin Hwai-min(1947. 02. 19.~ ). This research has two main focuses. First, it analyzes the lasting imprint of the historical and social context of Taiwan in the 1970s on the development of the dance company. Second, it examines the role played by Lin Hwai-min as a cultural entrepreneur in the formation of Cloud Gate amidst the challenges of the era. Based on existing literature and prior research, this study analyzes how Lin Hwai-min integrated Taiwan's unique historical experiences and collective emotions with modern dance to establish the unique aesthetic identity of the dance company. Applying the theory of organizational imprinting and the concept of cultural entrepreneurship, the research deeply investigates how the socio-political climate of Taiwan in the 1970s influenced the establishment and early growth of Cloud Gate. It examines the impact of Taiwan's complex socio-political environment and the changes of that period on the organizational imprint, and highlights the significance of Lin Hwai-min's entrepreneurial approach in forming the aesthetic identity of Cloud Gate. The findings of this study provide sophisticated insights into understanding the identity formation of cultural and artistic organizations within a broader socio-historical context and emphasize the interaction between external environments and entrepreneurial spirit in shaping cultural institutions.

The Family, The School, and The Community in a Rural Area: From Montgomery’s Novel to the Mills’ Picture Book – A Secondary Publication

This paper explores the intertextuality between The Rag Coat (1991) and Anne of the Green Gables (1908). Both literary works are contextualized in the North American rural community, and their main characters are girls in their early adolescence who have tenacious personality traits. The rural communities where these works are set, far from being an intimidating motif, make these protagonists show their determination to overcome what might be expected from them in these settings. Both sociohistorical contexts create rural micro-bubbles that, as it is studied, are composed of the family, the school, or the neighborhood. Furthermore, some other common themes are observed in both works such as children’s work, or nature’s personification. It does not seem to be a coincidence that Mills illustrated one of the editions of Anne of the Green Gables in 1989. However, the studies that have put both works in connection are practically non-existent. Thus, this paper tries to approach both authors and the possible autobiographical features in their works. Later, it inquires into some coincidences between both female protagonists as well as into the importance that family, neighbors, school, and nature acquire in the rural contexts where they are set.

Transmuting the painterly sign

Abstract According to renowned linguist and semiotician Roman Jakobson, translation can be divided into three general categories: intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation/transmutation. Unlike the first two categories, intersemiotic transmutation lacks the usual isomorphism that exist between a source and its target, but that should not deter us from discovering an underlying universal process of two-step interpretation that is involved in transmuting painting as a nonverbal sign into art criticism which is mostly verbal. Put simply, painting as a special form of human communication relies heavily on iconicity between “representamen” and its “object,” but this is only the first step on our way toward the hidden meaning of a visual text. To achieve the latter goal, we also need – often, but not always, through indexical reasoning – to make connections between a painting and its sociohistorical context in the manner of logical abduction as proposed by Charles Sanders Peirce rather than structural differentiation as advocated by Ferdinand de Saussure. Compared with iconic correspondences, indexical relations are far more arbitrary and therefore extremely difficult to reconstruct.

Are yes-or-no questions really unhelpful? A reflection from the perspective of decolonizing methodology in researching multilingualism

ABSTRACT Drawing on the perspective of decolonizing methodology, this paper problematises the conventional interview technique of avoiding yes-or-no questions introduced by handbooks of research methods in applied linguistics. By demonstrating how this interview technique was found unsuitable in the first author’s ethnographic study of multilingualism with the Blang community, an indigenous group inhabiting the Chinese border with Myanmar, we argue that this oversimplification of avoiding yes-or-no questions implies an ideology that long responses are the desired product of interviews and is underpinned by a colonised research paradigm and mindset from an elite perspective. It overgeneralises the complex process of co-constructing knowledge with participants in multilingual contexts and results in neglecting the diverse lived experiences of grassroots and the sociohistorical contexts they live in. As a result, voices of these under-represented groups, especially those who are under-communicative and under-educated are further marginalised. We call to decolonise our epistemological thinking and practices influenced by ideologies as such. We also call for researchers to be more reflexive in their research practices and to advance research methodological decolonisation with insights generated from constant reflection.

Social reproduction with socialist characteristics in Shanghai: destitute and disadvantaged women (pinkun funü) and their affective lives in the Workers’ New Villages during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Since the 1970s, Marxist feminists have extensively discussed social reproduction to argue that women’s unwaged domestic labour is a form of exploitation deriving from capitalism. This article focuses on the socialist socio-historical context to explore the social reproduction performed by lower working-class women in Shanghai during the COVID-19 outbreaks. To probe the pandemic interruptions to social reproduction, a COVID-19 Diary-Writing Workshop was conducted in 2020 to collect diaries written by destitute and disadvantaged women (pinkun funü) living in the Workers’ New Villages. By delving into the women’s affective lives, the article shows that women not only contributed to community through their volunteerism in social reproductive labour but also sacrificed for their families in a time of crisis. Moreover, women endured mental stress as the main performers of social reproductive work, and communal services provided by neighbourhood committees helped relieve the stress of household chores and resolved tensions related to food shortage. Our findings confirm scholars’ longstanding argument that communal support policies can alleviate the gendered exploitative nature of social reproductive labour, and shed light on the roles of the remaining structures of socialist communal organization and infrastructure.

Shaka Goichidaiki Zue: Vernacularization and Visualization of Buddha’s Biography in Nineteenth-Century Japan

Since the appearance of Buddha, texts and images depicting his life have circulated across Eurasia, serving as significant mediums for disseminating Buddhist ideology. Japan has historically been influenced by the canon of Chinese Buddhism while concurrently striving to promote the indigenization of Buddhism. This endeavor reached its peak during the Edo period, notably exemplified in the Shaka goichidaiki zue, illustrated by the world-renowned artist Hokusai Katsushika. Originating from Buddhist believers, it presents an adaptation based on the socio-historical context of pre-modern Japan, particularly manifesting evident shifts in emphasizing royal authority, the salvation of females, and ethical relationships. Entering the Meiji era, this pre-modern illustrated manuscript underwent repeated printing, playing an important role in the modernization of Buddhism.

A Duoethnography on Disability and Allyship Within a Vision Science Doctoral Program: Perspectives on Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Accessibility

People with visual impairments (those who are blind or who have low vision) continue to experience an unemployment rate of 70% or higher across all sectors but remain especially under-represented within higher education and the research ecosystem. Among the barriers emphasized by people with visual impairments are those related to accessibility and inclusion. It is within this socio-historical context that we began our interactions as a blind graduate student (Martiniello) and a sighted PhD. supervisor (Wittich) in the process of completing a doctoral program in vision science. Utilizing duoethnography as a methodological approach, we juxtapose two perspectives on a shared experience. Over a period of five years, we explored the ways in which our interactions as a trainee with lived experience and sighted ally have shaped our perspectives on disability inclusion in (and while doing) disability research and the role of allyship in the context of academia. We use examples from our lived experiences to illustrate the ways in which we negotiated the role of allyship throughout the research process, including the impact of accessibility and inclusion while completing a scoping review, semi-structured interviews and thematic content analysis. These collective experiences set the stage for new forms of advocacy and allyship to emerge. To the best of our knowledge, Dr Martiniello remains the first and only blind person to graduate in Canada with a PhD in Vision Science. Hopefully, she will not be the last.

Концепція соціального виховання В. Зеньковського

The article is devoted to the analysis of the socio-historical and pedagogical context, highlighting the main provisions of the concept of social education of the outstanding philosopher, psychologist and pedagogue V. Zenkovsky. It is shown that the relevance of the idea of social education in Ukraine at the beginning of the 1920s was determined by the dramatic socio-economic and socio-political situation that arose as a result of wars, devastation, famine, the spread of homelessness and neglect, and the state educational policy. It is emphasized that the immediate factor that prompted V. Zenkovsky to turn to the problem of social education was not only the state of society at that time, but also the spread and absolutization of the principle of individualization of education and upbringing in the pedagogical science of that time. The scientist proved that education is social in nature and reflects not only the interests of society, but also the interests and needs of a child, whose individuality is manifested in society. The approaches of V. Zenkovsky regarding the essence of social education are identified. In his opinion, social education is aimed at the development of social activity, “taste” for social activity, education in the spirit of solidarity, as well as its basis, which is considered to be natural sociality and social forces in a child’s soul. The position of the scientist regarding the ways and means of social education, determining the role of the family, preschool institutions, school and extracurricular work in this process is revealed. It is argued that the author deeply understood the uniqueness and irreplaceability of each educational body, was convinced of the need for their close cooperation, which he considered the ideal of social education.

ДЫКМА-СЕРДАР - ТРАГИЧЕСКИЙ ГЕРОЙ ТРАГИЧЕСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

The article attempts to describe Dykma-serdar, one of the brightest characters of Turkmen history. Noting that in historiography there are almost no special studies on the man’s personality and activities, the author makes a detailed reconstruction of his life path, placing it in a broad socio-historical context. The study is conducted at the intersection of biography and prosopography: the portrait of Dykma-serdar against the background of the history of the Russian Empire’s penetration into Central Asia and incorporation of the Turkmen lands into the imperial body becomes a means of revealing certain strategies inherent in the ethnic elite of the region. Tracing the life of Dykma-serdar, the author shows how and under the influence of what factors his attitude to Russia and its presence in the region changed. Courageous, energetic, intelligent, with an undoubted talent as a military commander, having great authority both among his tribesmen and in Russian military circles, Dykma-serdar understood the inevitability of inclusion of the Turkmen lands into the empire that was superior to them economically, politically, militarily and technically. So he tried to minimize the costs of that inclusion, repeatedly joining negotiations with representatives of the Russian command and involving his relatives in the negotiation process. However, short-sighted and insulting behavior of the Russian military forced Dykma-serdar to abandon peaceful interaction. And only a personal meeting with M.D. Skobelev brought him back to the camp of negotiators. Dykma-serdar’s tragic hesitation between cooperation and confrontation were typical for representatives of his ethno-social group and well illustrate the behavior of Turkmen ethnic elites during the Great Game in Central Asia.

Impacto de las políticas de control fronterizo en las dinámicas transfronterizas en México-Centroamérica y Colombia-Venezuela, 2010-2020

This article aims to highlight the conditions directly impacting the migrant population in specific sociohistorical contexts on the Colombia-Venezuela and Mexico-Central America borders. Here, a precarious situation worsens, aggravated by violence. These are conditions associated with problems of a political order, which highlight the role of persistent violence in the deterioration of a dignified life, precipitating the decision to migrate and turning mobility into the only strategy to preserve life. An examination of the particular circumstances shows that the changes in cross-border dynamics are related to state actions that favor border control, a persistent precariousness of the population in transit deepened by criminal activities and some social responses that oscillate between assistance and protection of the migrant population, alongside the hostility that accompanies stigmatization.

Cuidado em saúde ao adolescente em vulnerabilidade ao uso de drogas

ABSTRACT This article deals with adolescences, in the plural, as a socio-historical construction of a dynamic process and with the experience of adolescents with their lifestyle and self-expression in a unique socio-historical context. It assumes that purely prescriptive measures are insufficient to address the complexity of mental illness processes in contemporary society. This study aims to understand the context of health care practices for vulnerable youth, particularly those involved in substance use, through the lens of tensions in health practice domains. This is an exploratory, descriptive study using a qualitative approach, with interviews conducted with health professionals (in Basic Health Unit and Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents). The study highlights the tensions within health practice between the biomedical model and the war on drugs and a community-based psychosocial approach; it underlines the need for reducing stigmatization, improving access, harm reduction, and individualized care. It also emphasizes the importance of considering and promoting a shift in mentality towards mental illness in order to develop care strategies. This process was carried out in line with the principles of the Brazilian Mental Health Reform, with advances and setbacks that affect the updating of health practices, which are more oriented towards proposals for psychosocial and vulnerability-reducing actions.

Sultana Dreams of Infrastructure

This article examines Rokeya Hossain's “Sultana's Dream” (1905), a short story that pictures a solar-powered utopia governed by women, as a key site for thinking through the entanglements of sovereignty, gender, colonization, and environmental relations as they are articulated through infrastructure. To read infrastructurally in this way, we attend to socio-historical contexts of nineteenth-century Bengali society and to the Victorian imperial roots of early solar inventions, alongside the more modular aesthetics and meaning-making affordances of solar energy. Such a mode of reading makes infrastructure legible as an essential political ground for the maintenance or transformation of socio-ecological relations and reveals the irreducible political, material, and poetic qualities of infrastructures themselves. Texts like “Sultana's Dream” make such configurations visible and open to interrogation, and demonstrate the ways that solar, as infrastructure, energizes new social and political forms—even those yet undreamed.

Popular and Populist Shakespearean Transcreations in Central and Eastern Europe

The article discusses the variety of ways in which the terms “popular” or “populist” could be associated with postwar Shakespearean transcreations in the Central and Eastern European region, pointing out how performers and adaptors challenged the canonical, highbrow status of Shakespeare and used his oeuvre as raw material in experimental forms and genres. Following a discussion on the variety of socio-historical contexts which inspired noteworthy popular and/or populist reworkings in several Central and Eastern European countries, the article takes a more in-depth look at a few specific comic genres, particularly the burlesque and the cabaret in a theoretical framework, and concludes by examining post-1989 experimental theatre practices. The publication of the article was supported by the International Visegrad Fund, project no. 22210007, titled “Crossing Borders with Shakespeare since 1945: Central and Eastern European Roots and Routes.” The project is co-financed by the Governments of the Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia through Visegrad Grants. The mission of the Fund is to advance ideas for sustainable regional cooperation in Central Europe.

Schulz’s Masochism and the Word’s Threshold of Shame

Masochism is deeply irrational: the masochistic subject can attain sexual bliss only when s/he has been tormented and humiliated. The essay reconstructs the sociohistorical context in which reflection on masochism has been developing. Drawing on psychoanalysis(- Freud, Lacan, Žižek), the author makes a distinction between Schulz’s private masochism and that which is demonstrated in his fiction and graphic works. All the variants of Schulz’s masochism reflect the problems of Polish Jews with assimilation, parodic references to courtly love (fin’ amors), and those elements of the writer’s biography which foreground shame that he felt as he was writing.

Migration in Modern Serbia – Managing and Mediating Refugee Flows

This study outlines the socio-historical context of the movement of populations in a geographical area that roughly corresponds to contemporary Serbia, examining the migration flows in this area since the 19th century. It examines data on the migration management that Serbia undertook during the migrant and refugee crisis of 2015 and the events that followed. This analysis revealed an amalgam of the continuity and discontinuity of migration flows in Serbian society. Serbia has a relatively long history of external migration driven by economic and political circumstances, during which these two groups of drivers trade places based on their dominance. However, a new phenomenon has transformed the entire Serbian territory into a transit zone for migrants and refugees from the Middle East, Africa, and Central Asia attempting to reach the EU. Further, the study demonstrates how Serbian institutions manage these processes by providing various statistical data and commentary on these data.

The Crime of Crimes

Genocide is a topic that is almost universally ignored by criminology. While it is frequently referred to as “the crime of crimes,” there is virtually no criminological coverage of genocide. The following analysis is a review of existing criminological literature in genocide studies, situating mainstream criminology’s ignorance of genocide in a socio-historical context in order to determine the reason(s) for this disregard. This analysis proposes that the mainstream criminological ignorance of genocide is a calculated and intentional act. Such willful blindness avoids and deflects from disciplinary accountability because of criminology’s historical complacency in genocide. Most of the existing mainstream criminological literature on genocide is criticized because of its hyperfocus on definitional arguments, the redemptive nature of such academic coverage, and the quantification of such atrocities. Thus, an argument for a critical criminological approach to genocide studies is desperately needed for criminology to interpret genocidal acts adequately.