Socio-economic Development Of Russia Research Articles

Role of labor migrants from Central Asia in the socio-economic development of Russia in the context of new global challenges

The article studies history of migration among the countries of Central Asia and Russia, the factors and scale of emigration to Russia against the background of sanctions from the European Union and the USA, and migrants’ contribution to the economic and demographic development of the state. Migration processes from Central Asia to Russia have a long history dating back to Soviet times. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, migration took on unimaginable proportions and became one of the most important factors affecting economic and political life in both Central Asia and Russia. Labor migration began in the late 1990s and peaked in 2014. During their stay in Russia, migrants faced various crises. They have always played a significant role in the socio-economic development of the country. Although migration has always had both positive and negative consequences for the host countries, from an economic point of view it has rather a positive impact on the host countries’ economies. After February 2022 Western countries have imposed new economic and political sanctions against Russia, which have affected the situation and orientation of migrant workers from Central Asian countries. Some migrants have started to look for other emigration channels, while the majority are still focused on Russia. Compared with previous crises, the migrant workers’ role in Russia’s economic and demographic development has increased now against the background of new sanctions.

The legal basis for ensuring national economic security on the example of assessing the socio-economic asymmetry of the subjects of the Russian Federation

In this article, an analysis of relevant, according to modern researchers, methods of assessing the socio-economic asymmetry of regions in the aspect of ensuring national economic security is carried out and their significance for the present development of the economy is revealed. As part of such an analysis, the interaction between the socio-economic development of the regions and national economic security is investigated, as well as the types of possible development of regions from which asymmetric is distinguished. Among the methodological foundations for assessing the socio- economic asymmetry of the regions of Russia, the article discusses and notes the dominant advantages of using the following methods: the method of expert assessments, the method of reformatting the territorial and administrative structure of the region to reduce asymmetry, assessing the impact of the industrial cluster on the socio-economic development of the region, SWOT analysis. As an example, calculations of socio-economic asymmetry were made based on statistical data for 2019 and 2020 in the Central and North Caucasus Federal Districts for the fundamental indicator of socio-economic development — the gross regional product. Using the results of the calculations, the relevance of the problem of interregional differentiation of socioeconomic development in Russia for the present period is assessed and some ways of solving such a problem are proposed, possible at this stage.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЯ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ В ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОМ НАСЛЕДИИ КОНСТАНТИНА ДМИТРИЕВИЧА УШИНСКОГО

The formation of students' worldview is the most important element in any pedagogical system. The article attempts to consider the formation of the worldview of students in the pedagogical system of K. D. Ushinsky from the standpoint of modernity in the philosophical and sociological aspect, to find those moments in his concept that are relevant at the beginning of the XXI century and can be used as guiding ideas in modern Russian pedagogy. The evolution of K. D. 's views is presented. The author analyzes the connection of his pedagogical teaching with the socio-economic development of Russia in the middle of the XIX century, the philosophical and pedagogical teachings of his predecessors and contemporaries. Conclusions are drawn that K. D. Ushinsky's philosophical views have evolved from objective idealism to idealism and incomplete materialism, close to dialectical materialism, throughout his life.

Main Factors of Uneven Development among Russian Regions

The article explores the primary factors contributing to the uneven social development of regions in Russia, providing a general classification. It pays particular attention to the influence of historical, cultural-civilisational, and geopolitical factors on the development and modernisation of Russian regions. This includes regional traditions, ethno-social and cultural specificities, and an analysis of how all these factors impact regional dynamics.
 The study illustrates that disparities, significant differences, and inequalities in the socio-economic development of Russia's regions are a result of the combination and interaction of multiple factors that require consideration when formulating and implementing regional policies. The interaction of different factors in each specific case creates key and acute social problems and risks for that region. Therefore, regional authorities and active local community groups must focus on timely responses to prevent the radicalisation and politicisation of these problems, preventing them from escalating into social-political conflicts.
 Among such problems and associated risks are issues of social inequality perceived by local residents as fundamentally unjust. These include challenges related to the lack of access for many inhabitants to quality healthcare and education, as well as ecological problems. Additionally, concerns arise regarding interethnic relations, particularly between local populations and migrants arriving from other states, along with demographic challenges.
 However, the concerted efforts of regional authorities and concerned citizen groups at the grassroots level alone cannot entirely solve the key problems of a region. This demands close cooperation and the pooling of efforts from local communities, regional, and central authorities. Presently, in Russia, such collaboration and concerted efforts across different levels are implemented only fragmentarily and far from being adequate. Consequently, it is concluded that to ensure social stability in Russian regions, regional and local authorities need to consider the interests of local communities and their initiatives for development. This includes areas such as culture, preserving and developing local traditions, education, regional studies, local and regional identity, historical memory, and ecology.
 Moreover, it is crucial to prevent the gross destruction of natural and social environments and the predatory use of natural and human resources in Russian regions by large corporations, holdings, and financial structures. The author concludes that while devising and implementing any projects for socio-political and economic development, it's essential to consider both the general civilisational specifics of Russia and the peculiarities of development within regional and local communities. Ignoring these aspects could lead to irreversible damage to the social environment and the degradation of fundamental social, cultural, and value structures within Russian society.

Ways of transforming the organization strategy of the oil and gas complex within the concept of sustainable development

Subject. The article considers the issue of oil and gas complex management. Objectives. The aim is to analyze the impact of the oil and gas complex on the environment, socio-economic development of Russia as a whole. Methods. The study draws on methods of systems, comparative, structural, and logical analyses. Results. The paper demonstrates opportunities associated with the implementation of the strategy for oil and gas complex development, with creation of new technologies and products enabling Russian companies to remain competitive in the face of rapid changes in the oil and gas market. Conclusions. Under conditions of reduced gas production in Russia, the Government of the Russian Federation should step up measures of comprehensive support for oil and gas enterprises, as the latter are budget-forming ones.

Идеологические предпочтения молодежи как фактор представлений о желаемом будущем России

The article considers results of a representative social survey (N = 2021) and focus groups conducted in November 2022 on the issues of value motivation of young people’s attitude to the main directions of state policy in modern Russia. Based on the analysis of the received materials, the structure of the ideological preferences of various age groups of Russian youth, their influence on the perception of the current state of the main directions of domestic and foreign policy and ideas about the desired future of political and socio-economic development of Russia was revealed. Preferences and arguments in favor of social democratic, liberal, conservative and communist ideologies are revealed. An explanation is given for the greater commitment of Russian youth to the values of social democracy (26.2%) than to liberalism (22.3%). The main argument of representatives of different age groups is that social democracy provides an opportunity to combine the advantages of socialism and the market system. Strengthening social functions of the state and its regulatory role in the economy makes it possible to concentrate resources on achieving socially significant goals, while the preservation of private property and market mechanisms makes it possible to use personal interest and motivation in the face of fierce global competition. The main reasons for the high level of ideological “nihilists” (25.1%), who noted that they do not support any of the existing ideologies, are revealed. The degree of confidence of the representatives of the younger generation in the future (51.5%) was revealed and an explanation was given to the reasons why 47.4% of respondents chose the options for the absence of such confidence. The ranked value priorities that representatives of different age groups would like to see in the future political structure of Russia are revealed. An explanation is given for the actual deideologization of the ranking of these values. Characteristics of the readiness of representatives of Russian youth for various practical options for personal participation in the embodiment of their image of the future of Russia are given. It is concluded that the most radical moods are relevant to liberally oriented youth, which are intensified by the negative perception of the special military operation in Ukraine and Russia’s confrontation with the United States and Western European countries.

ВОЗМОЖНЫЙ СЦЕНАРИЙ БУДУЩЕГО: ДВУХЭТАПНОЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РОССИИ ДО 2030–2035 ГГ.

Author analysis trends in socio-economic development of Russia over the past 30 years, concludes that the formed socio-economic system is ineffective and it is necessary to carry out a number of fundamental reforms. The transformation, according to the scientist, should take place in two stages. At the first stage, in the next 5 years, the main task is to resume socio-economic growth by increasing the share of investments in fixed assets in GDP from 18–22% to 25–27% and the share of the “knowledge economy” from 14–15 to 20%. At the second stage, until 2030, a series of reforms should be carried out, in particular, the reforms of property, regional management, financial and social systems.

On Urban Planning and the Socio-Economic Development of Cities in Russia

This article analyzes features of urban planning and socio-economic development in Russia concerning problems that require legislative resolution. The author uses analysis, synthesis, formal legal, and logical methods to explore urban planning and socio-economic development issues. The dialectical method was applied to analyze legislation and its emerging practice. It was revealed that the change in the functional zones of urban land can often be carried out unreasonably, which leads to challenging these changes in court. At the same time, the consequences of such contestation by the legislator are not directly indicated, leading to legal uncertainty regarding the possible use of the land. It is proposed to legislate the consequences of declaring disputed changes invalid by the court, including restoring the former functional zone and bringing the territorial zone in line with the functional one by introducing changes to city authorities' land use and development rules. Based on the study's results on the practice of socio-economic development of cities, it was established that master plans and concepts are being developed in cities, the adoption of which is not provided for by the legislation on urban planning and strategic planning. According to the author, it is necessary to amend the Federal Law "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation" and supplement the list of municipal strategic planning documents with master plans and the concept of the city's development, which will correspond to the established practice. It is expected that the proposed ideas will improve the efficiency of urban space management and attract private investment in the formation of a comfortable urban environment.

Simulation Models as an Additional Method of Forecasting and Planning of the Russian Economy

Recently, scientists, politicians and statesmen actively discuss the topic of strategic planning and forecasting in the state regulation. First, the relevance of this topic is demonstrated by Federal Law on strategic planning in the Russian Federation, which proves the need for its implementation in socio-economic development of Russia. There are also many relevant clarifying and specifying legal acts. In this regard, the beginning of the article provides an overview of the regulatory framework in the framework of forecasting and strategic planning, as well as the practice of its implementation in Russia. One of options to increase the efficiency of state regulation in the sphere of forecasting and strategic planning is the implementation of simulation models. Simulation modeling is already used in many fields like medicine, biology, and physics. Nevertheless, the experience of using such models in the field of state regulation is not so widely spread, thus, it has the potential for development. Therefore, the second part of the article describes the method of simulation modeling: its description, application practice and potential benefits. In the end of the article, it is concluded that the implementation of the simulation modeling in forecasting and strategic planning of Russian economy can be very useful.

State of gold mining industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period of sanctions and restrictions

The gold mining industry is one of the strategic sectors of the Russian Federation's economy. It plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Russia and its constituent entities. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the leading gold mining regions of Russia. Recent changes caused by political and economic events that occur in the global and domestic gold markets are of great interest to researchers. This article examines the consequences of the US and EU sanctions on Russian gold in 2022, reveals the level of impact of sanctions on the development of the gold mining industry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the country as a whole. For this purpose, the analysis of the world gold market, the current state of the gold and foreign exchange reserves of the Russian Federation compared to other countries, the resource potential of gold mining companies in the region, and the prospects for its replenishment are evaluated. It is revealed that the US and EU sanctions on Russian gold for gold mining companies can cause mainly temporary difficulties. Russia can reorient its sales market to friendly countries and countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In this direction, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) will have a favourable position in terms of geographical location and promising projects.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ ОЦЕНКИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ФИНАНСОВЫХ ИНДИКАТОРОВ

The socio-economic development of Russia during the period of overcoming the state of the financial and economic crisis in the conditions of market relations was accompanied by qualitative structural shifts towards the intensification of production. To achieve the successful development of any company in such conditions, the leading factor is the predominance of profits over losses of the company. The further activity of the enterprise, its ability to withstand competition directly depends on income. Identification of the advantages of the company in the field of its competitive abilities determines its stable position in the market. The need to develop a clear development strategy is due to the difficult situation in the relationship of the company with the external and internal environment. Many financial analysts suggest that the key problem in most organizations is the low level of knowledge and experience in the field of correctly creating a competitive strategy. This factor determines the relevance of the topic under study, since in order to achieve a stable position in the market and level various threats to the functioning of many companies, a detailed study of their competitive advantages is necessary. In this article, a model for diagnosing the financial component of the company’s competitiveness is developed and substantiated.

On Urban Planning and Socio-economic Development of Cities in Russia

The article analyzes some features of urban planning and socio-economic development in Russia, in connection with which problems are identified that require legislative resolution. Exploring the issues of urban planning and socio-economic development, the author used analysis and synthesis, formal legal, logical methods. In the analysis of legislation and its emerging practice, the dialectical method was applied. It was revealed that the change in the functional zones of urban lands can often be carried out unreasonably, which leads to challenging these changes in court. At the same time, the consequences of such contestation by the legislator are not directly indicated, which leads to legal uncertainty regarding the possible use of the land plot. It is proposed to legislate as the consequences of declaring disputed changes invalid by the court: restoration of the former functional zone, bringing the territorial zone in line with the functional one by introducing changes to the land use and development rules by city authorities. Based on the results of a study of the practice of socio-economic development of cities, it was established that master plans and concepts are being developed in cities, the adoption of which is not provided for by the legislation on urban planning and strategic planning. According to the author, it is necessary to amend the Federal Law "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation" and supplement the list of strategic planning documents of the municipality with master plans and the concept of the city's development, which will correspond to the established practice. It is expected that the proposed ideas will improve the efficiency of urban space management, attract private investment in the formation of a comfortable urban environment.

Merchants of the Middle Urals in the Socio-Economic Development of Russia

The aim of the study is to assess the place and role of the Middle Urals merchant class in the socio-economic and socio-cultural life of Russia. The authors define the features, character and status of the merchant class, reveal the history of its emergence in the Urals, the specifics of its activities at different stages of the country's historical development. The participation of the Middle Urals merchants in world economic relations since the early Middle Ages has been proven by numerous finds of Iranian silver and various monetary instruments (eastern Dirhams, European Dinars, Volga-Bulgar coins, etc.) on the territory of the Urals. The article reveals the structure of the merchant class and the various practices of the Urals merchants, including the organization of trade, transport communications, crafts, large-scale production, insurance, and charitable activities. The authors advance a thesis about the continuity between the merchants of the Middle Urals and those of Novgorod, who originally developed the Northern and Middle Urals. The article studies the development of the Middle Urals “provincial merchant class”, its dynamics and composition in the ХVII–ХIХ centuries. On the example of merchant dynasties of the Middle Ural towns of Yekaterinburg, Irbit, Kungur, Nizhny Tagil, Perm and others, the authors reveal the contribution of merchant dynasties to the development of domestic and foreign trade, specific sectors of urban economy. They also put forward and argue the thesis of the steady development of trading capital in the Middle Urals and its merger with industrial capital on the basis of large industrial enterprises (manufactories, factories, plants).

Economic Growth by Innovative Development in Energy Sector: The Case of Oil and Gas Export in Russia

The problem of the "Dutch disease" and the impact of the raw materials complex and its export component on the economic development of Russia are actualized today in the context of the pressure of international economic sanctions on the Russian economy, when the Russian society has to solve problems that were characteristic of the Soviet Union, we mean, first of all, import substitution. In this regard, we need to understand how negatively the impact of energy exports on the socio-economic development of Russia was, while answering the question, was this development abnormal or, if so, due to what factors? Obviously, the crises in Russia in the 1990s and 2009–2011 had a nature weakly associated with raw material specialization. The purpose of this work is to identify the impact of energy exports on the economic development of Russia in retrospect with the construction of a long-term forecast of GDP growth in the Russian Federation in the context of the development of international economic sanctions. Accordingly, the objectives of the study include: to determine how economic growth in the post-Soviet period before the imposition of sanctions was affected by oil exports; secondly, to what extent oil exports influenced innovative development; thirdly, to create a predictive model for the growth of the Russian economy in the context of international sanctions (the situation with the embargo on Russian oil exports to the West). The subject of the study is the impact of oil exports on the socio-economic development of Russia, the object is the macroeconomic situation in Russia before and after international economic sanctions.

Оценка эффектов применения проектных инструментов промышленной политики в регионах

Introduction. This study is devoted to the analysis of industrial policy project instruments implemented by the Russian Industrial Development Fund, from the standpoint of assessing their impact on the systemic results of the industrial development of Russian regions. Theoretical analysis. The industrial sector of the economy has historically played a key role in the socio-economic development of Russia. Given the backbone role of industry in the country’s economy, the issues of state support for industrial development are traditionally the most important on the agenda of the state’s economic policy. Established in 2014, over the past period, the Fund has demonstrated the flexibility and adaptability of its programs to changing conditions, has provided its customers with convenient tools for concessional lending for technological modernization projects, and, in general, has become the most popular instrument of industrial policy. At the same time, the question of the strategic effectiveness of the Fund’s activities as a systemic institution of industrial policy, solving not only local tasks of supporting modernization projects and creating new industries, but also the tasks of industrial development and growth in general, remains open. Empirical analysis. Given that the problem of industrial development is ultimately localized at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in this study, based on the methods of regression analysis, an assessment has been made of the impact of the Fund’s activities on the development of the manufacturing sector in the regions of Russia. The work has assessed the impact of projects implemented within the framework of the Fund’s programs on the indicators of the production index and the volume of shipment of goods, services on their own in the manufacturing industry of the region by groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, depending on the level of the average annual cost of investment projects implemented with the participation of the Industrial Development Fund. Results. The analysis has showed that the Fund’s current tools have a positive effect on the systemic growth and development of industry only up to a certain level of intensity of their use in regions with an average and low level of industrial development. As for industrialized regions, the results obtained here from the standpoint of systemic effects of accelerated industrial development are not obvious.

Development of investment policy tools for the fuel and energy complex in modern conditions

Aim. The presented study aims to consider opportunities for expanding the range of tools for implementing investment policy in the fuel and energy complex. Tasks. The authors determine the essence of investment policy; propose the concept of information and analytical support for the formation of investment policies of industrial complexes; establish a correlation between the development of industrial engineering and investment activity in the fuel and energy complex. Methods. This study uses system-wide methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of graphical, economic, mathematical, and statistical modeling. Results. The fuel and energy complex plays a decisive role in the socio-economic development of Russia and a number of its regions. However, it still needs to be further developed – there-fore, an industry-wide investment policy is being implemented. Such a policy is specific to the sector and territory, which should be taken into account during its implementation. The key factors identified in the course of the study include the relationship between the activities of industrial enterprises with the state of the natural environment in their home regions and the significant dependence of production and investment activity on the degree of development of the industrial engineering sector. When developing and implementing an investment policy, it is recommended to take these factors into account to improve its quality. Conclusions. The presented investment policy tools for the fuel and energy complex, which make allowance for the specific factors of both regional and sectoral orientation, make it possible to develop recommendations for the formation of investment policy based on an integrated approach. They are aimed at making informed, discrete decisions and avoiding inefficient dissipation of financial resources. The implementation of the proposed mechanism is universal for most regions where enterprises of the fuel and energy complex are located, and it also makes it possible to consider individual territory- and sector-specific features.

Coronavirus pandemic: yesterday, today, tomorrow of the Russian economy

The article analyzes the economic results of the crisis year 2020, identifies the factors that had a negative impact on the results of the year, examines the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, determines the impact of various industries on GDP. The results of the analysis of citizens’ incomes for 2020, the dynamics of changes in the number of unemployed and the number of Russian citizens with incomes below the established subsistence level are presented. Restrictive measures related to the pandemic and the results of their effect on the socio-economic development of Russia and some foreign countries are considered, the main anti-crisis measures are listed. The content and objectives of the “National Action Plan”, which is aimed at restoring the Russian economy, are briefly formulated. In conclusion, the main challenges and risks in the implementation of the “National Action Plan” are formulated, which provides both an increase in employment, an increase in citizens’ incomes, the restoration of economic growth and a fundamental changes in the structure of the economy.

The functions of territories of advanced socio-economic development to attract private capital in the context of the formation of a new model of economic growth

The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of territories of advanced socio-economic development and their role in the development of regions through the synergy of instruments for attracting private capital and mitigating the consequences of economic crises. The research methods used were systematization in terms of analyzing the essence of special economic zones, generalization of concepts analyzing the functions of territories of advanced development in Russia, a graphical method of presenting information. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following tasks have been solved: the essence of special economic zones and their role in the economic development of the state has been clarified; an analysis of the functioning of the territories of the advanced in Russia has been presented: the number of residents and jobs, the amount of declared investments are growing annually. The results of the study include: systematization of characteristics and statistical data on the functioning of territories of advanced socio-economic development in Russia; justification of the insufficient effectiveness of such territories and the functions performed by them; clarification of the need to activate the main function of the territories of advanced socio-economic development to attract private capital.

Russian-Chinese financial cooperation: Development trends and prospects

Subject. The article discusses the importance of Russian-Chinese financial cooperation and its impact on the economic development of Russia. Objectives. The purpose is to identify aspects of Russian-Chinese financial cooperation that have a substantial influence on the Russian economy, to develop a scientific and methodological approach to quantifying the impact of Russian-Chinese financial cooperation on the Russian economy. Methods. We employ methods of economic, mathematical and statistical analysis, and practical developments of Russian and foreign scientists. Results. Three aspects of Russian-Chinese financial cooperation are important factors that directly affect the economic growth of Russia, namely, China's direct investment in Russia, bilateral trade, and currency swaps. Russian-Chinese financial cooperation will play a positive role in promoting the economic development of Russia. Conclusions. To ensure stable socio-economic development of Russia, it is important to develop financial cooperation with China. Russia should further expand bilateral trade, make efforts to attract Chinese investment, and continue monetary cooperation with China.

Hybrid project management methodologies as a sign for organizational ambidexterity

Project management plays an important role in the modern economy and public administration. Trends in project management have a significant impact on the performance of companies, public organizations, and programs for the socio-economic development in Russia. One of the interesting developments in project management is the expansion of hybrid methodologies, which combine tools and approaches of flexible and predictive approaches.This article aims to studythe forms, results, and types of hybrid project management methodologies through the lens of the concept of organizational ambidexterity. Methodologically, the research is based on a systematic review of the Russian-language scientific literature on project management hybrid methodologies and organizational ambidexterity, as well as a qualitative content analysis of selected papers.The resultsof the study indicate that there are significant similarities between key aspects of hybrid methodologies and organizational ambidexterity. The authors conclude that hybrid project management methodologies can be considered as the instruments of organizational ambidexterity. As practical recommendations, the authors propose to expand the use of hybrid methodologies in the management of not only project-based firms, but also in other organizations, as well as in the management of socio-economic programs, especially in conditions of high uncertainty. The potential of hybrid methodologies to improve organizational ambidexterity and thereby simultaneously ensure the stability and flexibility organizations makes them invaluable tools to increase the resistance organizations and strategic programs to technological disruptions, socio-economic crises, and global shocks.