Sociodemographic Proforma Research Articles

Self-Defense Training for Enhancing Self-Esteem: Sexual Harassment Preventive Strategy—A Pilot Study among High School Girls of Coastal Region of Karnataka, India

Abstract Background Sexual harassment is a major public issue among teens. As a result, encouraging teenage girls to claim their rights and providing an atmosphere free of prejudice and violence is vital. Promoting high self-esteem may minimize the probability of teenagers experiencing the negative repercussions of harassment. Objective This study sought to explore the potential of self-defense training to enhance self-esteem among high school girls. Methods A quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental design was adopted. Three government high schools from seven clusters were randomly selected from Mangalore South Zone and 38 high school girls were recruited (control group =18 from two schools and intervention group =20 from one school). Data were collected using sociodemographic proforma and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. After pretest, eight sessions of self-defense training were conducted and a posttest was administered with an interval of 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the intervention. Ethical approval for the study was obtained. Results A significant difference was found between the self-esteem scores of the intervention and control groups (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study revealed that the self-defense training was effective in enhancing self-esteem. Enhancement of self-esteem and awareness of self-protection is key to remaining free from violence, assault, and harassment.

A cross-sectional study on distinctive factors associated with conduct behaviors among children presenting with inattention-hyperactivity disorders in Indian context

Abstract Introduction: Conduct behaviors are frequently associated with disorders of inattention and hyperactivity. Many studies have been done in the Western population on predictors of those conduct behaviors among these children with inattention-hyperactivity. However, such studies are lacking in the Indian context. Thus, the current study examined the distinctive factors associated with conduct behaviors among children presenting with inattention-hyperactivity Disorders in the Indian setting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in a Medical College of Kolkata with two groups of children and adolescents each having 50 samples diagnosed as hyperkinetic conduct disorder (HKCD) and hyperkinetic disorder of attention and activity (HKD-AA) as per International Classification of Diseases-10th version. Comparison between the two groups was made with the abbreviated (10-item) Conners’ rating scale for parents (CPRS-HI) and a semi-structured socio-demographic pro forma to find out the distinctive factors associated with HKCD. Results: On comparison between the two groups, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in items such as male sex, birth complications, inadequate social-skill development, paternal alcohol use disorders (AUD), and disturbed family ambience, which were significantly higher in HKCD. Among CPRS-HI items, impulsivity was the distinguishing feature of HKCD. However, the total severity scores of CPRS-HI were similar in both the groups. In our population, maternal substance abuse was not found, and mood and alcohol use disorders were more common than childhood externalizing disorders in the family history. Conclusion: Similar to the Western population, in our study male sex, birth complications, paternal-AUD, and disturbed family ambience are distinctively higher in conduct behaviors, but contrary to them, there is no maternal substance abuse, and severity of inattention-hyperactivity scores are similar in children with or without conduct behaviors.

Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioural Responses Towards Mental Illness Among Pharmacy Students in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Individuals with mental illness are frequently subjected to discriminatory and stigmatising behaviour in society. Promoting positive attitudes and improving awareness regarding mental illness among health professionals in training are important steps in mitigating stigma towards mental illness. There is a dearth of Indian studies which have looked into these aspects. The observations of the study aimed to assess whether stereotyped views on mental illness pertain among pharmacy students at a tertiary teaching institution in South India. Objective The study evaluates three key aspects related to pharmacy students and mental illness: 1) the attitude of pharmacy students towards individuals with mental illness, 2) their knowledge about mental illness and 3) their behavioural response towards mental illness. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students enrolled in Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) programs in a teaching hospital in south India. Three hundred one completed responses were obtained. The study tools included a socio-demographic proforma, Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitude Scale (MICA-4), Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) and Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS). Results The mean scores obtained on MICA-4, MAKS and RIBS were 44.52 ± 7.662, 45.3156 ± 7.601 and 13.18 ± 4.884, respectively; 59.8% of the participants considered psychiatric patients as dangerous, and 70.1% of the respondents reported that they were capable of guiding a friend with a mental illness in accessing professional help. Female students had significantly lower MICA-4 scores than males (p = 0.001). First-year students had significantly lower RIBS scores as compared to the students in the second to the sixth years of study (p = 0.004). Conclusion Negative attitudes, stigmatising beliefs and behaviour towards mental illness are prevalent among future pharmacists. It is the need of the hour to ensure that mental health-related content and contact-based education aimed at reducing stigma and discrimination receive due emphasis as part of the pharmacy curriculum in the country.

A descriptive study on quality of life among menopausal women residing in selected rural areas of Udupi district, Karnataka

Background: Menopause is defined as the period of time when ovarian function stops, resulting in permanent amenorrhea, or as the cessation of periods for a period of time equal to three prior cycles. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study conducted among 100 menopausal women, by using The Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Questionnaire, The data is collected by administering a semi structured socio-demographic proforma, residing at rural area in cherkady village of udupi district. Results: The data in Table 1 depicts the majority of the menopausal women 30 (30%) were in the age group of (46 to 50) years. The maximum percentage of the menopausal women 100(100%) were married. The maximum percentage of the menopausal women 62(62%) belong to the Hindu religion. The majority of the menopausal women with educational status 66(66%) were primary (1st std-7th std). Regarding the menopausal women occupation status 100 (100%) were unskilled workers. The majority of the menopausal women with educational status of husband 70(70%) were primary (1st std-7th std). Regarding the menopausal women occupation status of husband 55(55%) were semi-skilled worker. The majority of the primigravida women with place of residence 100(100%) were from rural area. Regarding the menopausal women type of family 53(53%) belonged to nuclear family. The highest percentage of menopausal women 100 (100%) had a monthly income ranging from Rs.2391-7101.A maximum of 34 (34%) attained menarche at the age of 12 years and 49(49%) of them were of61-70 kg weight. A maximum of menopausal women 100(100%) were doing exercise twice a week. About the majority of 99(99%) menopausal women were anemic. About the majority of 88(88%) menopausal women perceived adequate social support. None of them had habit of smoking and alcoholism.

Association of Personality Traits of Alcohol-dependent Patients with Their Psychiatric Comorbidities: A Cross-sectional Study from Central Rural India

Introduction: Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) is a significant health problem all over the world. Alcohol-dependent individuals have a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and nonadaptive personality traits that may influence the pathogenesis, treatment outcome, clinical course, and relapse of ADS. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities of alcohol-dependent patients and to determine the association of personality traits with psychiatric comorbidities in ADS. Methodology: An observational study was conducted on 100 patients of ADS from Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi Wardha, Maharashtra. They were assessed through semi-structured sociodemographic pro forma, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview PLUS, and 16 Personality Factor Inventory. Results: Most of the patients scored high on personality traits such as dominance (67%), warmth (56%), sensitivity (70%), social boldness (56%), openness to change (65%), vigilance (77%), and perfectionism (52%) while they scored low on factors privateness (50%) and liveliness (35%). The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity was found to be 49%, with mood disorders (21%) being the most common diagnosis. Personality factors dominance (0.0001) and social boldness (0.042) were significantly associated with psychiatric comorbidities with P < 0.05. Conclusion: The personality traits and psychiatric comorbidity need to be addressed at the time of management to improve outcome.

Depression, anxiety, and stress among private shopkeepers after COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Mohali, India.

The COVID-19 pandemic affected almost all sections of society. The economy of the country collapsed and it affected the economic situation of the common man. Private shopkeepers also suffered as they could not open their shops. The current study was an effort to assess the psychological status of these people. To assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels among private shopkeepers in Mohali after the COVID-19 pandemic who were previously mentally healthy. This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 consenting private shopkeepers from 10 different topographically scattered markets of Mohali. Written informed consent was obtained. Ethical clearance was sorted by the institutional ethics committee. Sociodemographic data were recorded on sociodemographic proforma. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21 (DASS-21) was employed to assess depression, anxiety, and stress. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. A total of 34.2% of shopkeepers had depression, 31.4% had anxiety, and 44.80% had stress. Out of which street vendors had more depression (6.60%), anxiety (6.80%), and stress (7.40%) compared to other shopkeepers. Depression (36.07%), anxiety (32.61%), and stress (46.87%) were comparatively more among shopkeepers who had incurred financial loss compared to those who had received gain. Shopkeepers who had their shops closed were suffering from depression (35.42%), anxiety (33.26%), and stress (46.65%) comparatively more than individuals who had their shops open. A total of 59.75%, 51.57%, and 72.96% of shopkeepers whose products expired during the pandemic were suffering from depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Depression, anxiety, and stress are high in private shopkeepers after the pandemic. Mental health services should be more accessible, affordable, and available during a pandemic and its aftermath. The economy of the country should be strengthened after the pandemic keeping in interest the economic needs of the common man.

Effect of mindfulness-based intervention on perceived stress among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Breast cancer is the second most prevalent disease among women in India and one of the most dangerous and lethal. Chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients may have perceived stress, which is defined as emotions of mental or physical exhaustion that make them feel angry or anxious. Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) gives some ideas in line with the conventional mindfulness technique. (i) To assess the effect of MBI on perceived stress among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. (ii) To determine the association between perceived stress with selected demographic variables among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The current quantitative pre- and postexperimental study was carried out in two oncology departments of selected cancer hospitals, Bhubaneswar. A total number of 40 breast cancer patients of perceived stress receiving chemotherapy and data were gathered by using a self-structured socio-demographic proforma and a structured Perceived Stress Scale 10. The experimental group received MBI, and a posttest was conducted on the 17th day on both the groups after 10 days of the termination of intervention. This MBI was provided to breast cancer patients for five sessions over five days continuously, each session for 45 min with mindfulness breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation techniques, practising meditation, and guided imagery technique. The study findings illustrated that reduction of perceived stress among female breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with (t = 2.2463) (P = 0.0306) at the P < 0.05; furthermore, there is one socio-demographic variable which had association with perceived stress that is history of psychiatric illness (χ 2 = 14.1176) (P = 0.0009) and others had no association with perceived stress. MBI was an effective therapy for reducing the perceived stress of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Cognitive dysfunction and its relationship with psychopathology and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: a protocol for a cross sectional study

Background One central characteristic of schizophrenia is cognitive dysfunction, which typically has modest to severe effects on a variety of cognitive areas. Evidence suggests that cognitive impairment may occur far sooner than the clinical symptoms. The connection between cognitive deficiencies and functional outcome indicators has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Cognitive deficits are widely known to affect overall functioning, In India, few studies have been conducted to determine the profile of cognitive abnormalities in individuals in the chronic phase of schizophrenia as well as those in remission. Research from developing nations is crucial because schizophrenia prevalence in these nations is thought to be lower than that in industrialized nations. The aim of this study will be to assess the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia and examine the relationship between cognitive dysfunction with psychopathology and quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia. Protocol This will be a cross sectional hospital-based study. After ethical clearance, all patients in the Psychiatry Department meeting the criteria of Schizophrenia, according to the ICD-10, will be part of the study. The expected number of participants is 228. All participants within the age group of 18 to 65 years who are clinically diagnosed to have schizophrenia using ICD-10 and who are able to give written informed consent will be included in the study. The patient’s sociodemographic data will be collected in Outpatient or inpatient basis and then the following questionnaires will be applied to them: i) Socio-demographic Proforma; ii) The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); iii) The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scale (WHOQOL-BREF); and iv) Addenbrooke’s cognitive examination III (ACE). Once the aforementioned questionnaires are completed, the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia will be assessed, and its relationship with psychopathology and quality of life will be studied.

Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Somatic Symptoms in Perimenopausal Women

ABSTRACT Background: During the perimenopausal phase, women experience a myriad of somatic symptoms as well as changes in mood and emotions which could be related to the endocrine changes and psychological factors during this transition. Aim: The aim was to assess the prevalence of somatic symptoms and psychiatric morbidity in perimenopausal women. Material and Methods: By purposive sampling, 100 women in the age group of 45–55 years were included in the study with their consent. They were assessed with a self-made sociodemographic proforma, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS 21), Menopause Rating Scale, big five inventory scale (BFI-10), and social support scale. Results: Psychiatric morbidity was seen in 41% of perimenopausal women, out of which 32% showed somatic symptoms. Seventeen percent had mild-to-moderate depressive features, 17% showed mild-to-moderate anxiety, and 7% were dysthymic. Conclusion: Prevalent life stressors seemed to affect the transition into menopause for many women which directly corresponded to the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and somatic symptoms in them.

The Psychosocial Impact of Climate Change and natural disasters

IntroductionIn this study we have studied the impacts of natural disaster yash on the development of PTSD in a rural hamlet of West Bengal.ObjectivesCorrelation of natural calamity and trauma ie post traumatic stress disorder in exposed population.MethodsSetting of the study was a relief camp operated for victims of climate change and natural disasters ie cyclone yash 2021.Tool for data collection - PCL 5 questionnaires, socio demographic pro forma, data was analyzed by using statistical SPSS.ResultsAnalysis shows that there is statistical correlation between post traumatic stress disorder and subjects exposed to climate change events such as cyclone Yash.PCL-5 cut-off score between 31-33 is indicative.ConclusionsOur study clearly demonstrates the impact of climate change and natural disasters on the development of post traumatic stress disorder in the study group.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

IJCM_109A: Psychiatric Morbidity And Cognitive Functioning In The Institutionalized Elderly In Old Age Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The elderly is at a higher risk of developing certain psychiatric illnesses and deterioration of their cognitive functioning by virtue of the multidimensional phenomenon of ageing and other psychosocial factors, and this risk has found to only be higher in the institutionalized elderly. Studies in this regard, assessing the mental health of those residing in old age homes in India are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the psychiatric morbidities and cognitive functioning in the elderly who have been institutionalized in old age homes. Methodology: This study is a cross-sectional study, among 150 residents who are over 60 years of age in old age homes in Mangalore. Data is being collected by face to face interviews, using a sociodemographic proforma, Montreal cognitive assessment scale to assess the cognitive functioning and the Mini psychiatric interview to screen for any psychiatric morbidiy. Data will be analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 [IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.], and a p value of Results: 87.30% and 29% of residents were found to have cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity respectively. The majority of those with cognitive impairment were found to have severe cognitive impairment (31.60%). Conclusion: Mood disorders (depression), in keeping with several other studies, was found to be the most common psychiatric morbidity, followed by psychotic disorder, anxiety and suicidality. In contrast to findings by Singh et al., psychiatric morbidities and cognitive impairment had no significant association with sociodemographic factors

Psychosocial Problems in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.

Changing lifestyles, health care, growing age, and life expectancy have contributed to the occurrence of old age in communities. The elderly population are rising who are aged 60 or older in the present scenario. They are more prone to psychosocial problems such as stress, loneliness, low self-esteem, and anxiety. These problems impact their psychological health. This cross-sectional study was conducted at selected communities of Amritsar, Punjab. A total of 200 older adults were involved using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a predesigned sociodemographic pro forma and a five-point Likert scale to assess psychosocial problems among the elderly. The data collection method employed was interviewed. In the psychosocial problems assessment tool, a total of 35 items were included, which were further categorized as follows: no psychosocial problem (0-35), mild psychosocial problem (36-70), moderate psychosocial problem (71-105), and severe psychosocial problem (106-140). The average age of the older adults was 69.31 ± 6.63 years, 65.5% were males and 34.5% were females. Regarding psychosocial problems, 69% had moderate, 16% had mild, 10.5% severe, and 4.5% had no problems. The median score was 90 (18). The median score was 17.50 (7) for stress, 38 (17.75) for loneliness, 18 (7.75) for anxiety, and 14 (7) for self-esteem. All the four domains, stress, loneliness, anxiety, and self-esteem, had a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.01). A statistically significant association was found between self-esteem, type of family, and anxiety with educational level. The study concluded that older adults in communities have significant psychosocial problems such as stress, loneliness, self-esteem, and anxiety. Collaboratively, health professionals, local community leaders, and social workers can formulate and execute a health awareness campaign to avoid these issues that cause the aged much anguish.

Cognition, depression, and functional health profiles (CoDe-F) of non-debilitated aged in the coastal belt of southern India: An explorative study at homes for the aged

IntroductionCognitive function, depression, and functional health profiles of older adults directly predict overall well-being. Family dynamics in India are changing mainly due to urbanization, migration of the younger generation for education or employment, and change in the social system, making the elderly parents alone and slowly getting transferred to old age homes. Hence, the investigators were interested in determining the functional health, depression, and cognitive decline among young and middle-aged non-debilitated institutionalized older adults. ObjectivesTo determine the correlation between cognitive function and depression among the young-old and old-old elderly and determine the functional health profiles of non-debilitated older adults residing at the old age homes of the coastal part of southern India. Study designAn exploratory study at the homes for the aged. MethodologyThe survey was conducted at old age homes after obtaining permission from the respective authorities. Socio-demographic proforma, functional health profiles, Modified Barthel Index, Short-form depression scale, and Muscle strength assessments were the data collection instruments. Statistical Analysis was done through Jamovi. (Version 2.3). Descriptive statistics and Karl Pearson's parametric statistic test were applied. ResultsMontreal's cognitive assessment revealed that 81% of the elderly had borderline cognitive impairment. The short-form geriatric depression score revealed that 87% reported mild depressive symptoms. As cognitive ability declined, depressive symptoms were common among institutionalized older adults (r = −0.494, p < 0.05) ConclusionDepression, cognitive impairment, and functional health profiles of older adults residing at old age homes need to be monitored regularly, and appropriate interventions must be employed to improve their quality of life.

Predictors of Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Mental Health Symptoms: A School-Based Study in Southern India.

Mental illnesses are one of the major contributors to the overall burden of disease among the young. We investigated the predictors of emotional and behavioral problems among in-school adolescents in the Indian context. Using stratified sampling, 1441 adolescents were recruited to participate in the study in Udupi taluk. The study instruments included a socio-demographic pro forma and the adolescent self-reporting version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess the emotional and behavioral problems among them. We explored the predictors of total difficulties, as well as externalizing and internalizing problems and gender differences. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test for associations, an independent t-test to explore the gender differences, correlation analysis, and backward stepwise logistic regression for the predictors were used. The mean age of the participants was 15.31 ± 0.76. An almost equal percentage of male (49.6%) and female (50.4%) participants provided data. Abnormal scores were highest under conduct problems (8.5%), and the total difficulties reached 5.1%. The male participants had higher levels of conduct, hyperactivity, peer relationship, and externalizing problems the while the female participants experienced higher levels of emotional and internalizing problems. It was observed that there was a significant positive relationship between age and emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and total SDQ score. An older age predicted an abnormal total difficulties score and externalizing and internalizing behaviors, while the type of school predicted the total difficulties and internalizing behaviors. The age of the adolescent, their gender, and the type of school they attended emerged as predictors of the emotional and behavioral problems among them.

Effectiveness of Muscle Strengthening Exercises on Joint Pain among the Late Middle Age Group in Bordowali Health and Wellness Centre, Agartala, West Tripura

The researcher conducted a study on effectiveness of Muscle strengthening exercises on joint pain among the late middle age group in Bordowali Health and Wellness Centre, Agartala, West Tripura. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the pre-existing level of joint pain among the late middle age group, to evaluate the effectiveness of Muscle strengthening exercises on joint pain among the late middle age group, and to find out the association between pre-existing level of joint pain among the late middle age group with their selected demographic variables. Method: The present study’s conceptual framework was based on Modified Wiedenbach’s Helping Art of Clinical Nursing Theory (1964). A quantitative evaluative research approach, pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design and purposive sampling technique were used for the study. Data collection: Data were collected from 40 late middle age group through interview technique by administering the socio-demographic proforma and Modified pain scale on joint pain, stiffness and quality of life. Active Muscle strengthening exercises were provided as an intervention for 35 minutes daily for 20 consecutive days. On 20th day, post-test was taken through interview technique by administering the Modified pain scale on joint pain, stiffness and quality of life. Result: The result showed that the mean post-test level of pain score of joint pain among the late middle age group (34.27±12.94) was lower than the mean pre-test level of pain score (63.15±16.92) with mean difference of 28.88. Paired ‘t’ test value (8.59) was also found significant at 0.05 level of significance (df=39, table value=2.02). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) ‘F’ value showed there was a significant association between pre-test level of joint pain among the late middle age group with their selected demographic variables - type of family [‘F’ value=3.86, table value=3.23, df between group – 2, within group – 37], total number of family members staying with you [‘F’ value=3.31, table value=3.23, df between group – 2, within group – 37], duration of suffering from joint pain [‘F’ value=5.52, table value=3.23, df between group – 2, within group – 37] which were significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that Muscle strengthening exercises were an effective measure to reduce the level of joint pain among the late middle age group.

Prevalence of PsychoSocial Problems and their Risk Factors among School-Going Middle Adolescents: An Exploratory Study

ABSTRACT Background: Adolescents are at risk of various psychosocial problems, due to pressure from parents, educational agencies, peers, and society. Often, it is not recognized and goes unnoticed. There is an immense need to screen this group for early detection and proper management. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychosocial problems among adolescents and to determine their risk factors. Methodology: The study employed a nonexperimental, exploratory, cross-sectional research design with a quantitative approach. Using a two-stage random sampling technique, a total of 2030 adolescents from 37 schools were chosen. The data collection tool for study participants consisted of three parts: (a) A sociodemographic proforma, (b) a pediatric symptom checklist-youth report, and (c) a checklist for assessing determinants of psychosocial problems. Results: Three hundred five (15.02%) of the 2030 respondents had significant impairment to internalizing problems, 350 (17.24%) to attention deficit problems, and 378 (18.62%) to externalizing problems. Pediatric symptom checklist scores and academic performance showed a moderately positive correlation. There is a significant association between psychosocial problems and adolescent characteristics at a P = 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: Adolescents have a high prevalence of psychosocial problems such as anxiety and attention deficit. Periodic screening, counseling, and referral to psychotherapy can help to lessen the severity of the condition and improve psychosocial well-being.

Perceived Stress, Depression and Anxiety in the Spouses of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a significant public health issue in India, where alcohol consumption is discouraged but often practiced excessively. In our country, with an emphasis on the family system, the spouses of individuals with alcohol dependence are also affected in many ways. The patients and their spouses are bound to affect each other, as spouses are usually the primary caregivers. Aim: To study the impact of AUD on the spouses of affected individuals, focusing on perceived stress, depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 spouses of patients with AUD who visited the Psychiatry Outpatient Department (OPD) the Department of Psychiatry, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, a tertiary hospital in the Chennai suburban area over a period of two months. Data were collected between November 2021 and December 2021 using a socio-demographic proforma to record age, education, employment and the ages of children, among other factors. Assessment tools used included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for assessing depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Independent t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for comparison. Results: The average age of the participants was 42.1±11.7 years, with moderate variability. Most participants were educated (81%), employed (84%) and residing in nuclear families (76%). The study revealed moderate levels of perceived stress (24.2), variable anxiety (19.2) and varying degrees of depression (16.4) among the spouses. Employed individuals had significantly lower anxiety and depression scores compared to non employed individuals. The correlations indicated positive associations between stress, anxiety and depression. Anxiety was positively correlated with the ages of male children (r=0.244, p=0.016) and female children (r=0.363, p=0.002). Similarly, depression was correlated with the ages of male children (r=0.258, p=0.011) and female children (r=0.292, p=0.014). Conclusion: The present study underscores the substantial impact of AUD on spouses, highlighting notable levels of stress, anxiety and depression. Employment status has emerged as a crucial factor influencing mental health outcomes.

Impact of Integrated Training Program on Behavioural Outcome of Adolescents regarding Lifestyle Pattern from selected schools of Mysuru City

Background: Adolescents are independent and they build new relationships, create social skills and learn new habits and practices that they can carry with them for rest of their lives. Adolescent health and wellbeing are influenced by school environment and they must be provided special consideration and emphasis because of their health conditions and needs. A positive lifestyle can bring health and happiness, while a negative life-style can lead to illness and depression. A lifestyle has different components which includes: nutrition, physical activity, sleep pattern, healthy habits, hygienic practices, safety and health awareness, and these components contribute to an individual`s health. Health requires the promotion of healthy lifestyle. Health risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol abuse, unhealthy dietary patterns, sedentary habits, and unsafe and aggressive behaviours have been found to have an important influence on morbidity and mortality. Health risk behaviours, which develop over time, can also contribute to an unhealthy lifestyle. Adolescent population and health of adolescents is a very special issue and is focus of attention globally for various reasons. An essential component in the prevention and management of diseases is the adoption of a healthy lifestyle that would include the promotion of non-smoking, eating a healthy balanced diet, and actively engaging in organized physical activities Methods: The main objective of the study was to determine the impact of integrated training program on behavioural outcome of adolescents regarding lifestyle pattern. The research design selected for this study was Pre-experimental - One group pre test post-test design. 500 adolescents were selected from selected schools of Mysuru through convenience sampling technique. Socio demographic Proforma was used to assess the selected socio demographic variables of adolescents. Structured knowledge questionnaire, self administered attitude scale and adolescent lifestyle practice scale was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of adolescents regarding lifestyle pattern. Results: The results of the study revealed that Knowledge, attitude and practice of adolescents were improved after implementation of Integrated Training Program. There was significant difference between pretest and post test knowledge, pre-test and post test attitude, pre-test and post test practice score after the Integrated training program Conclusion: The study concluded that integrated training program is effective in enhancing the knowledge, attitude and practice of adolescents regarding lifestyle pattern

EFFECTIVENESS OF PARENTING SKILL PROGRAM ON CHILDS ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORAMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITY

Background: A child brings happiness, love and joy in the family and society and if a child born with Intellectual Developmental Disability (IDD), then parenting of IDD children requires a huge amount of liability, accountability, commitment and dedication. Children with intellectual disability are having debilitate physical and mental health conditions, lower longevity1. As parents are the primary caregivers, but lives of parents of children with IDD are much more complicated and stressful as compared to the lives of non-disabled childrens parents. Methodology: Quasi-experimental Time Series Research Design was used to assess the effectiveness of Parenting Skill Program on childs adaptive behavior among parents of children with Intellectual developmental disability in selected Special Schools of Delhi NCR.The tools used for data collection included a socio-demographic proforma and the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS). Structured interviews and pre-assessment tools, such as socio-demographic proforma and the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS), were administered to both experimental and control groups in the first month. Subsequently, the parenting skills program, consisting of 12 sessions, was implemented over a three-month period, with one session per week for parents in the experimental group. At the 6th, 9th, and 12th months, structured interviews using post-assessment tools were conducted with parents from both groups. Results: The findings of the study revealed thatthere was an improvement in the mean posttest score of childs adaptive behavior over the time. Specifically, at 6th month, it increased to (53.425±8.95), followed by (52.850±9.77) at 9th month and (55.288±8.87) at 12th month when compared to baseline score (46.362±8.09).This increase was found to be statistically significant within the group (F= 163.040, p 0.001).However, the control group, showed no significant change in the mean score of childs adaptive behavior and it remained same in 6th month, 9th month and 12th month as baseline, and no significant difference was observed within the group (F= 6.00, p 0.112). Hence, it could be interpreted that parenting skill program was effective in improving the childs adaptive behavior score of children with IDD in experimental group than in control group. Conclusion:It was concluded thatparenting skill program was effective in improving the childs adaptive behavior of children with IDD.

A correlational study to assess the relationship between body image, appearance contingent self-worth, and self-compassion among youth of Karnataka

BackgroundBody-image is defined as “a stable, complex, mental representation of our body and its emotional experience”. Negative perception concerning one's own body is associated with several mental disorders like stress related to the body, binge eating disorder, or social anxiety disorder in a normal healthy person. ObjectivesThis paper aims to assess the body-image appearance contingent self-worth, and self-compassion, and to determine the correlation between the body-image, appearance contingent self-worth, and self-compassion. MethodsA descriptive correlational study was conducted among 478 youth (18–24years) studying in selected colleges of Udupi, Karnataka using socio-demographic proforma, Perception of body-image, Neff's self-compassion scale, and Contingencies of self-worth scale. ResultsThe mean body-image score among Youth was 126.11 ± 25.37, whereas the mean appearance contingent self-worth and self-compassion scores were 155.38 ± 23.809 and 52.14 ± 6.938 respectively. The main variables' linear correlations were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation. There was a weak positive relationship between body-image and self-compassion, i.e., (r = .253, p = .001), body-image and appearance contingent self-worth, (r = 0.091, p = .047), and appearance contingent self-worth and self-compassion (r = 0.093, p = .042). ConclusionThe current study revealed a significant correlation between body-image, appearance contingent self-worth, and self-compassion. The youths should routinely be evaluated for body-image dissatisfaction. Rising appearance contingent self-worth and providing intervention to improve self-compassion helps the individual to accept themselves and improve body-image satisfaction.