Socialist Spirit Research Articles

On the Socialist Core and Its Modern and Contemporary Values in How the Steel was Tempered from the Perspective of Education

In-depth study of literary appreciation and its educational value for the book "How the Steel was Tempered", interpreted from a pedagogical perspective and in the context of socialist core values. Firstly, starting from the socialist core, the deep relationship between characterization, plot setting and theme is analyzed. Secondly, through the analysis of the growth experience of the hero, Paul Kochagin, the educational significance of his socialist spirit such as adhering to ideals and faiths, unremitting self-improvement and optimism is revealed. Finally, the paper discusses the value of the work in the contemporary content, emphasizing its positive effects on cultivating contemporary youth to take social responsibility, promoting the socialist core values, and upgrading the national moral quality. The research shows that "How the Steel was Tempered", with its profound socialist core and extensive educational value, is of great practical significance for us to deepen the education of socialist core values and guide the youth to establish a correct worldview and values.

Promoting the spirit of Chinese scientists: The role and functions of Chinese STM journals

Since China released the Opinions on Further Promoting the Spirit of Scientists and Enhancing Work and Study Styles in 2019, the spirit of scientists has gradually become an integral part of the socialist spirit, and a high degree of attention has been devoted by the Chinese government to promoting scientists’ spirit. Through a historical review and comparative analysis, particularly of the evolving role played by Chinese STM journals (science, technology and medical journals), we propose that STM journals are an important venue for promoting the spirit of scientists. On this basis, and in view of the problems and challenges faced by STM journals under the new requirements in the new era, we suggest conceptual upgrades and mindset shifts that Chinese STM journals need to make to further promote scientists’ spirit. Finally, we introduce specific measures to implement these concepts.

Exploring the evolution of Chinese earthquake news from the constructive journalism perspective based on Chinese news of 35 significant earthquakes in China from 1966 to 2020

This paper intends to explore the concept and elements of constructive journalism in the Chinese context through the evolutionary principles and qualities of Chinese earthquake news to discover a future-proof path for constructive journalism. As the research sample, the study selects 35 earthquake news in China that were published between 1966 and 2020. Using the computational communication research paradigm and specific research methods like sentiment analysis, text mining, and econometric statistics, the study analyzes how these articles have changed over time. The research found that the Chinese earthquake news followed the abstract connotation and extension aspects of constructive journalism and had a "National Spirit" topic that differed from Western constructive journalism. From the nebulous "Socialist Spirit" and "Revolutionary Spirit" in the beginning to the symbolic "Anti-earthquake Spirit" and "Tangshan Spirit" in the middle period, and eventually to the distinctive "Disaster Association Community" and "National Community Awareness.” The emergence of the "National Spirit" topic has made it easier for news to switch between positive and negative moods, allowing for more objective and accurate reporting. This makes it possible for news to achieve its objective of promoting positive news and transforming positive feelings into positive action rationale.

A Democratic Turn within Democratic Socialism? State-Centric and Anti-Statist Visions of Socialism and the Challenge of Democratic Mirroring

ABSTRACT In this paper, we theorize the democratic aspect of democratic socialism through some of its recent, theoretical articulations and several of its historical, fugitive appearances. To illustrate a potential democratic turn, we highlight how these moments reflect a paradox of democratic spirit: the necessity of cultivating collective consciousness of popular power, while also acknowledging the limits of this power through a lingering attachment to the liberal democratic state as the means of achieving or supporting a democratic socialist vision. We call this democratic mirroring, which exceeds a concept of representation centered on the constitutional state. Although the state should be an important site of struggle, we maintain the spirit of democratic socialism is animated by quotidian struggles for a decent existence and those struggles must be mirrored in a way that supports the political education, political psychology, and the political self-respect of the “demos” implied within democratic socialism.

Centenary of F. M. Dostoevsky's Birth in the Soviet Russian Press

This article considers the attitude towards F. M. Dostoevsky in Soviet Russia during the celebration of his centenary based on materials published in the periodical press. Articles from newspapers and magazines of that era (Trud, Petrogradskaya Pravda, Izvestiya Petrogradskogo sovetа rabochikh i krasnoarmeyskikh deputatov, Narodnoe prosveshcheni, Krasnyy voin, Krasnyy komandir, Krasnaya Nov’, Pechat’ i revolyutsiya, Zhizn’ iskusstva, Sarrabis, Vestnik literatury, Artel’noe delo, Nachala, etc.) were used. Many of these texts have not been previously analyzed by scholars of Dostoevsky’s work. Numerous attempts were made in the Soviet press to interpret the work and ideas of F. M. Dostoevsky in the spirit of socialism. The writer’s negative view of revolutionary ideology was either rejected or distorted by Socialists, however, they were attracted by the image of a former convict and a defender of the “humiliated and insulted”. Certain magazines (Artel’noe delo, Nachala) that appeared in Petrograd during the NEP period, published religious and philosophical articles about F. M. Dostoevsky. The ambivalence of the attitude towards the writer, the presence of socialist and Christian interpretations of his work in the press were a sign of a transitional historical period.

Based on Grey Correlation Theory and BP Neural Network Model Algorithm, the Construction of the Ideological and Political Education Evaluation System of New Media in Colleges and Universities

Every university today has its own new media management system. They manage the school’s microblogs, shaking, fast hands. The official account number of each platform, such as Beep Mile. However, with the intricacies of network information and the advance of the times, we should be alert to the influence of the color revolution, believe in the spirit of the red revolution, and promote the development of patriotism education. To this end, we need to make a better promotion of the socialist spirit and Xi Jinping’s new eraist development spirit in colleges and universities. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to use gray correlation theory and BP neural network model algorithm to build a new media ideological and political education evaluation system. We fully protect the privacy of each teacher and student in order to get a real degree of ideological awareness, using gray correlation theory and BP neural network model algorithm to construct the system. Use anonymous whistleblowers and anonymous mailboxes to point out our political problems in order to better promote the construction of the system. The results show that there are about 20% of the students. Show that you don’t know enough about patriotic teachers. And said he will self-strengthen patriotism education in the future, believe in the Party and the country.

Institutionalizing Social Norms and Legal Culture: Social Dynamics under Legal Awareness Policy in Contemporary China

This paper examines China’s policies on legal awareness in mid-2021. It brings into focus the social dynamics of the continuous institutionalization of social norms that are shaping the legal culture in China. It is argued that the discovery of legal culture outweighed the sociocultural imaginations of orders by the institutionalization of social norms. On the utilization of laws, it shows that the utilization of the laws is the direct result of the psychological expectation in seeking Justice via the laws—i.e. the narrower the gap between law-on-the-book and law-in-action, the higher incentives the Chinese citizens resorting disputes to the laws. On enhancing the obedience of the laws, it shows that a powerful discourse would be engineered with the external ideological environment/social norms (values, beliefs, and Zeitgeist of the contemporary Chinese society) such as the political atmosphere of “anti-corruption”, “security”, and “safety” and the recall of the pure socialist spirit.

The spirit of experimental socialism

Despite the widespread disenchantment with utopias, contemporary philosopher Axel Honneth argues that socialism still has a future. Honneth’s argument brings to mind late sociologist Zygmunt Bauman, who celebrated socialism as the active utopia of the modern epoch and the counter-culture to capitalism. However, while Bauman was disenchanted by the fall of the Soviet Union and almost gave up the very idea of a collective alternative, Honneth proposes a revision of socialism and a revival of its spirit, calling for a post-Marxist logic of historical experimentalism or a post-Marxist spirit of experimental socialism.

Secular Ethics and Socialist Spirit: Reflections on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

Secular Ethics and Socialist Spirit: Reflections on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

EDUCATION AND PROPAGANDA IN ROMANIAN COMEDY SKETCHES. A CASE STUDY: TOMA CARAGIU

The media fulfil several functions in every political regime: information, education and the shaping of attitudes and perceptions. Television was perceived by the Romanian political regime as a means of educating the masses in the socialist spirit, as a form of socialization. In other words, the main objectives of the Romanian television concerned mainly the educational domain and not necessarily economic gains.Having this as a starting point, the article offers several keys for understanding TV humour in the communist period by analysing Toma Caragiu’s TV comedy sketches. We aim to identify examples of desirable and undesirable behaviour set from the top by the party ideologists. Portrayals of social and economic problems in this humorous form generated two phenomena: a feeling of social cohesion and a collective stress relief. Among the main sources for this study are documents from the Archive of the Romanian Television and the National Central Historical Archives.

„Nie poszliśmy więc do polityki. Ale oto polityka przyszła do nas” ‒ rola bibliotekarza w okresie stalinowskim (w świetle materiałów zamieszczanych na łamach polskich czasopism zawodowych)

Polish librarianship in the stalinist period (1948-1956) had to face new challenges. In the changed political and social reality, both the role of a librarian and the functions performed by public and scientific libraries had to be redefined. The profile of vocational education also changed. From the various materials (papers, guidelines of the party and departmental authorities, reports, protocols of the Polish Librarians and Archivists Union) published in professional journals of the time – „Przegląd Biblioteczny”, „Bibliotekarz” and „Poradnik Bibliotekarza” – it appears that librarians had to focus on the ideological aspect of their work, educating the reader in the socialist spirit.

The Typographers’ Community of Fiume: Combining a Spirit of Collegiality, Class Identity, Local Patriotism, Socialism, and Nationalism(s)

The Typographers’ Community of Fiume: Combining a Spirit of Collegiality, Class Identity, Local Patriotism, Socialism, and Nationalism(s)

Плакатна графіка міжвоєнної доби в радянській Україні.

The role of the poster in the formation of Soviet propaganda cannot be overstated. For a long time it remained the main visual means of propaganda for utopian Communist society, contributed to the formation of attitudes and behaviour of people. Politics and art of the USSR interrelated and interdependent, and the use of art as visual propaganda promoted the political goals of the party and the leader. Another thing is that way affiliated with art often had less artistic value because it expressed an aesthetic experience of its Creator. The ratio of art and politics depends primarily on the definition of priorities in the Soviet Union this priority was politics, not aesthetics. Thus, the aim of this work is to study the posters, created during the 1920’s–1930’s. as historical sources and specific examples of visual communication aimed at the implementation of propaganda and ideological influence. And at the end we will be assured that the government of the USSR had mastered the technique of «brainwashing», and the art served as «ideological processing workers in the spirit of socialism.» Victims of totalitarian propaganda believed incredible – esclusivi system or communism in 20 years and not see the obvious – carrying out rapid industrialization, the famine of 1932–1933 and gross violations of human rights.

The Exhibition-Organising Activity of the Committee for Cultural Cooperation with Foreign Countries (1950–1956) Based on the Example of Selected Exhibitions at the Zachęta Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions

The documentation of the Committee for Cultural Cooperation with Foreign Countries, which was an offi cial agency active in the years 1950–1956, is currently deposited at the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and constitutes an invaluable source for any Polish scholar interested in the history of exhibitions. It contains large amounts of interesting data which make it possible to ascertain the character of Polish exhibitionorganising activity in the fi rst half of the 1950s. In the six years of its existence the Committee organised ca. one hundred exhibitions. The essay concerns exhibitions hosted in the main building of the Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions, i.e. the Zachęta. Foreign exhibitions prepared by the Committee were intended to justify the state’s cultural strategy based on promoting the aesthetics of Socialist Realism, which programmatically referred to 19th-century Realism and its historical traditions. Exhibitions of art produced in the countries of the Eastern bloc presented the local version of Social Realism plus 19th-century painting that could be described as “Critical Realism”. Bringing to Poland exhibitions of folk art from the “brotherly” countries of the Eastern bloc was an important element of the Committee’s policy, as in the years 1949–1956 attempts were made to use folk art in the process of remodelling the country in the Socialist spirit. The Committee for Cultural Cooperation with Foreign Countries was established in 1950 in order to centralise, expand and politicise artistic exchange. On the whole, however, the idea to centralise all of the cultural exchange with foreign countries turned out to be a utopia. In 1955, just as the so-called thaw was beginning, the Ministry of Culture and Art offered the proposal to decentralise the exchange and to dissolve the Committee.

Paul Tillich and Pentecostal theology: spiritual presence and spiritual power

Preface Introduction: 1. Why is the Correlation between Paul Tillich and Pentecostal Theology Important, and Who Cares? Amos Yong 2. Spiritual Power and Spiritual Presence: Contemporary Renaissance in Pneumatology in Light of a Dialogue between Pentecostal Theology and Tillich Veli-Matti Karkkainen 3. Spirit and Nature: Pentecostal Pneumatology in Dialogue with Tillich's Pneumatological Ontology Wolfgang Vondey 4. To the Ground of Being and Beyond: Toward a Pentecostal Engagement with Ontology Rhys Kuzmi 5. God as Being and Trinity: Pentecostal-Tillichian Interrogations Steven M. Studebaker 6. Tillich's Picture of Jesus as the Christ: Toward a Theology of the Spirit's Saving Presence Terry L. Cross 7. Spiritual Presence: Role of Pneumatology in Paul Tillich's Theology Frank D. Macchia 8. Pneumatological Participation: Embodiment, Sacramentality, and the Multidimensional Unity of Life Andreas Nordlander 9. Tillich's Sacramental Spirituality in a New Key: A Feminist Pentecostal Proposal Lisa P. Stephenson 10. Political Theology from Tillich to Pentecostalism in Africa Nimi Wariboko 11. What Have Pentecostals to do with The Religion of the Concrete Spirit? Tillich's Theology of Religions in Twenty-First Century Global Renewal Context Tony Richie 12. Demonic from the Protestant Era to the Pentecostal Era: An Intersection of Tillichian and Pentecostal Demonologies and its Implications David Bradnick 13. Eschatology in the Theology of Paul Tillich and the 'Toronto Blessing': Ontological and Relational Implications of Love Peter Althouse 14. Paul Tillich, Pentecostalism, and the Early Frankfurt School: A Critical Constellation Pamela Holmes Response: 15. Socialist Spirit in Tillich, Pentecostalism, and the Neoliberal Demonic Today Mark Lewis Taylor 16. A Spirited Encounter: Promise of Ecstasis and the Constraints of Supranaturalism John J. Thatamanil List of Contributors Index

Agents of knowledge: Marxist identity politics in the Revisionismusstreit

SUMMARYTo be Marxist at the turn of the twentieth century was highly contested. During this crisis of Marxism, identity politics were acute, exemplified by the private and public debate between Eduard Bernstein and Karl Kautsky. With Bernstein's celebrated turn away from the Marxist theory of his day, the grounds for being Marxist were at stake. Was it possible to criticise Marx's analysis of industrial capitalism, his account of historical change and his hard-nosed class politics, and yet still be in a position to carry his name forward? Moreover, the springing-up of another identity, Revisionist, suggested that being Marxist was ambiguous. If one accepted Bernstein's and the Revisionists' point that Marxists had become too orthodox, leaving Revisionists as the true heirs of Marx's critical socialist spirit, then the Marxist identity was so open as to be meaningless. In this article, I contend that the name-calling of this period, the Revisionismusstreit, should be seen as creative. In contrast to politico-ideological perceptions of the Streit, which construe the clash of Marxist and Revisionist as representative of foundational Social Democratic party political realities, I highlight the manner in which being Marxist—the veneration of Marx's and Friedrich Engels's word into a Marxology of sorts by Marxists and Revisionists alike—held a certain epistemic value in its own right.

Myth and Antimyth in the Fictions of Socialist Realism in Albania

The process of formation of socialist realism in literary creativity goes hand in hand with the crystallization of social awareness "down", within the psychology of the masses and "up", with the strengthening ideological party institutes of state. Endless discourses among the circles of artists on this plane, so competent is the new artistic unity as "the soc-realistic method" that obtained the status of state doctrine. In 1936 the Soviet government undertook measures to implement the undisputed total soc-realistic method all the arts in the USSR. Socialist realism becomes the dominant term in the science of Soviet literature and art sciences from the thirties to mark "basic approach" which "requires the artist to introduce the concrete historical truth of reality in its revolutionary development", so the literature had to be created with the task of educating the workers in the spirit of socialism. The notion aesthetic "realism" was related to defining "socialist", brought the practice of literature and arts submission to ideology. Demands of using the socialist realism techniques in fact became an obstacle, an anxiety to halt creativity that for years was avoid against the spiritual life of the people, so the writers created in the majority mediokre works of conformist who became propaganda trumpets. In the late ‘80s realism becomes literary and historical term, but in the embryonic stage of many characteristics, the soc-realism literature is determined as "heroic realism", "monumental", "social", "biased" and as if the category of “folk" is the basic principle of a work of art where the mythical watches in the mirror its other part of the medal.

A Turning Point for Guohua?: Xu Beihong and Transformative Encounters With the Socialist Spirit, 1933–1953

A Turning Point for Guohua?: Xu Beihong and Transformative Encounters With the Socialist Spirit, 1933–1953

The spirit of late socialism and the value of transformation

Cet article conteste la thèse d’un renouveau religieux durant l’époque brejnévienne et cherche d’autres explications à la façon dont cette période a façonné les consciences et les habitudes des activistes religieux postsoviétiques. En s’appuyant sur des recherches archivistiques portant sur le travail culturel de l’époque brejnévienne dans la région de la Moyenne Volga, ainsi que sur des entretiens avec des activistes religieux postsoviétiques, l’auteur avance que le renouveau religieux a davantage été un phénomène postérieur à la perestroïka. Cependant, il a été possible grâce à une contradiction centrale des années Brežnev : l’hommage rhétorique durable à la nouveauté et au changement social et personnel, sous un régime qui entravait drastiquement toute véritable initiative de changement. Professeurs, propagandistes, journalistes et autres représentants de professions de la sphère culturelle devaient constamment justifier leur utilisation de « nouvelles méthodes » et de « nouvelles approches ». Ils apprirent à décrire les effets de leur travail en termes de « spiritualité » et de « développement spirituel », ce qui, en pratique, signifiait à peine plus qu’être pourvu d’une éducation classique et faire preuve d’une bonne éthique de travail. Comme la pratique religieuse était devenue plus accessible durant la perestroïka et au début des années 1990, certains de ces professionnels y virent une voie vers une transformation plus radicale. La combinaison des preuves biographiques et documentaires repoussa les limites temporelles de l’ère brejnévienne : l’hommage krouchtchevien au changement survécut à la « stagnation » brejnévienne. Celle‑ci, à son tour, favorisa l’éclosion d’un lexique de la spiritualité, plus communément associé à la perestroïka et à ses lendemains.

Orthodox ethic and the spirit of socialism: Towards substantiation of the hypothesis

The article traces possible channels of influence of a religious factor on the formation of a specific Russian version of socialism. Using the logics of the M. Weber?s work ?The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?, I. Zabaev reveals the categories that played a dominating role in the people?s consciousness in the pre-revolutionary Russia. According to his conclusion, these categories were ?obedience? and ?resignation?. It was obedience and resignation that assured the salvation (main value in Orthodoxy) of an Orthodox person. In everyday life such orientations were easily transformed into the readiness to obey the ?superior?. Once elaborated, they turned to be quite stable and, being separated from their religious roots, ensured a sort of asceticism on the secular path.