The marked increase in opioid use over the past three decades has been accompanied by increased use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including during pregnancy. However, methadone and buprenorphine, the primary MOUDs, cross the placenta and the immature fetal blood-brain barrier, raising concerns about potential effects on offspring development. In this review, we summarize experimental animal studies published over the past 25 years examining neurobiological and behavioral outcomes following prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine. Although animal models cannot fully establish human outcomes, they offer important insights into causal relationships and underlying biological mechanisms that are difficult to study in clinical populations. Our aims were to compare the effects of methadone and buprenorphine, assess sex-specific and intergenerational effects, and identify areas where further preclinical research is needed. In total, 53 studies were identified. Collectively, the findings show that prenatal MOUD exposure is associated with alterations in several key neurobiological processes, including opioid receptor expression and signaling, neurotransmitter systems, neurotrophic pathways, neurogenesis and neuronal maturation, synaptic organization and plasticity, myelination, structural development, and neuroinflammation. Behavioral outcomes include alterations in cognitive function, affective and social behaviors, reward-related behavior, and pain sensitivity. Evidence for sex-specific and intergenerational effects is increasing, but the overall evidence base remains limited. Substantial variability in findings limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Future studies should integrate mechanistic and functional approaches and focus on comparisons between methadone and buprenorphine, sex-specific differences, and intergenerational effects using translationally relevant models. More knowledge is crucial for supporting evidence-based decision-making during pregnancy and for minimizing potential long-term risks to offspring.

Ventral striatal neuroimmune signalling biases the expression of social memory in male mice.

Rejection sensitivity and conformity in emerging adults: The moderating role of impulsivity.

This study aims to conduct an in-depth examination of the implementation of the philosophical values of Rukun, Raket, Regeng, and Rumekso (4R) as the basis of social ethics within the Paguyuban Keluarga Besar Pujakesuma, a community of Javanese migrants in Sumatra. This study addresses the limited empirical research linking local values to social practices within diaspora communities. The research employs a qualitative approach using ethnographic methods, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the value of Rukun functions as a normative mechanism for maintaining harmony through consensus-based deliberation; Raket strengthens affective cohesion through intense interpersonal relationships; Regeng manifests in social solidarity practices rooted in collective action; while Rumekso serves as an ethical foundation for fostering empathy and social sensitivity. These four values operate not only as cultural symbols but also as an adaptive value system in responding to the dynamics of life in the diaspora community. Their implementation has proven capable of strengthening social cohesion, increasing collective participation, and maintaining the sustainability of cultural identity. Thus, this study offers conceptual and empirical contributions to enriching the study of cultural sociology, particularly regarding the transformation of local values in the context of contemporary society.

BackgroundMedical real-world data (RWD) are often siloed across organizations, making them inaccessible for research. Unlocking these data could advance clinical research and patient care. The pan-European Data Nexus platform (DNP) links RWD, facilitating its use, for example by artificial intelligence (AI) tools, to support the generation of real-world evidence. In Europe, particularly Germany, the secondary use of health data is governed by stringent regulatory requirements, including informed consent.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the informed broad consent form for the RWD (Data Nexus) platform, predicated on the principles of the Medical Informatics Initiative in Germany, and contextualized its implications for future data governance and regulatory use of RWD.MethodsThe broad consent form was developed for the DNP and cross-sectionally distributed to consecutive rheumatology outpatients during routine follow-up at a tertiary center. Analyses included rates of agreement to the predefined broad consent items. A zero-inflated model (using R) was used to predict response rates.ResultsFrom July 2023 to May 2024, 74.9% (292/390) of the patients signed the broad consent form and consented to DNP data donation. Median age was 56 (IQR 43.0-65.0) years, 72.5% (211/291) were female, and median disease duration was 12 (IQR 4.0-22.0) years. Diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis (96/291, 33.3%), psoriatic arthritis (30/291, 10.3%), spondyloarthritis (15/291, 5.2%), systemic lupus erythematosus (90/291, 30.9%), systemic sclerosis (14/291, 4.8%), and other conditions (16/291, 5.5%). Patients also answered 8 yes/no broad consent items, with an average of “yes” and “no” responses of 7.5 (SD 1.5) and 0.2 (SD 0.5), respectively. Missing responses averaged 0.4 (SD 1.4). Of all participants, 78.4% (228/291) agreed to all broad consent items. Approval rates for individual items exceeded 86%, indicating strong patient acceptance of secondary use of RWD under a structured governance framework, possibly reflecting trust, perceived benefit, low perceived risk, and governance confidence. Importantly, patients agreed to new techniques such as AI-based analysis of their donated RWD and, despite the social and ethical sensitivity, data distribution to third parties, including commercial industry. Consent rates were also high for the use of valuable omics and genomics data from biomaterial donations. Women showed higher consent rates, whereas educational attainment was not an indicator of response behavior.ConclusionsThis is the first study assessing the willingness of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases to grant broad consent for secondary data use in an innovative RWD platform, implementing a modern framework in routine care and considering detailed patient preferences. Patients demonstrated high willingness to grant broad consent, providing key real-world evidence on patients’ actual consent behavior for implementing RWD platform integration—such as the European Health Data Space. The DNP supports scalable, General Data Protection Regulation–compliant data sharing, enabling real-world and AI-driven research while preserving patient trust.

Peer victimization, pro-inflammatory, and antiviral gene expression pathways in adolescents.

Neural sensitivity to social feedback and adaptations to changing social contexts in adolescence.

Callous Unemotional (CU) traits, characterized by lack of empathy and shallow and restricted affect, are negatively associated with prosocial behaviour, and increase the risk of antisocial behaviors in youths. Acting pro-socially means responding to the needs of others, reading the situation and understanding that other persons need help. Thus, both environmental sensitivity, namely the general ability to register and process environmental stimuli, and reduced ability to feel guilt, may play a role in determining prosocial behaviour in children with CU traits. The aim of this study is to examine whether the negative longitudinal relationship between CU traits and prosocial behaviour is mediated by guilt, and whether this relationship differs between children with low and high levels of environmental sensitivity. Such information may significantly affect diagnostic, preventative and treatment strategies. Overall, 149 boys aged 7-14 years (Mage = 9.47; SDage = 1.75) took part in the study. The results only partially confirm the hypothesis. As expected, CU traits were found to negatively predict prosocial behaviour over time, and this association was mediated by guilt. However, contrary to expectations, environmental sensitivity did not moderate these pathways, being the relationships between CU traits, guilt and prosocial behaviour similar in high and low environmental sensitivity. There is room for further research exploring whether disentangling the general construct of environmental sensitivity in more specific dimensions (e.g., social sensitivity, sensorial sensitivity, emotional reactivity) may add more information about the longitudinal link between CU traits and prosocial outcomes.

The relevance of the research. The full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is not only military but also of a distinct civilizational, cultural and informational nature. The aggressor is systematically trying to destroy Ukrainian statehood, deny the identity of the Ukrainian people, destroy its language, historical memory and cultural heritage. In such conditions, education becomes of particular importance as a strategic space for the formation of national consciousness, civic responsibility, spiritual stability and value orientations of the young generation. One important means of implementing these tasks is Ukrainian studies, which is an integrative system of knowledge about Ukraine, the Ukrainian people, its historical path, culture, language, traditions, state-building processes, and modern social challenges. It is the Ukrainian studies content of education that contributes to the awareness of students of their own national belonging, the formation of historical memory, the development of critical thinking and resistance to destructive information influences. Of particular relevance is the study of practical approaches to introducing Ukrainian studies into the educational process, in particular through students' scientific and research activities, competitions, projects, and other intellectual initiatives. In this context, the analysis of the topics of students' works of the International Contest on Ukrainian Studies as a reflection of worldviews, social demands and values of modern youth is of significant scientific interest. The purpose of the article is to implement the role of Ukrainian studies in the formation of the national identity of students and the social consolidation of Ukrainianness, to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the topics of scientific and research works of students - winners of the XIX International Contest on Ukrainian Studies (2026) as an indicator of value orientations, national consciousness and civic maturity of students in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Conclusions. Analysis of the topics of scientific and research works of the XIX International Contest on Ukrainian Studies showed a high level of social sensitivity of modern youth to the current problems of Ukraine. The priority areas of student research were issues of culture, language, historical memory, statehood, heroism of the defenders of Ukraine, social consolidation, information security and environmental responsibility. This indicates a deep awareness among schoolchildren of the importance of the humanitarian front in the struggle for state independence. It has been established that the participation of students in scientific and research activities contributes to the development of analytical thinking, skills in working with sources, a critical understanding of social processes, the ability to draw independent conclusions, and civic activity. At the same time, such activities perform an important educational function, forming patriotism, historical memory, and a sense of belonging to the Ukrainian political nation. It is determined that Ukrainian studies in the educational space of wartime are an effective tool for social consolidation, the formation of a stable national identity, and the upbringing of a generation of young citizens capable of acting responsibly in Ukraine's interests.

Fairness decisions often integrate affective responses within a social context, yet emotion regulation in this literature has been largely studied as a self-directed process rather than an interpersonal one. We examined how individual differences in other-directed emotion regulation—measured with the Emotion Regulation of Others and Self (EROS) scale—relate to behavioral and neural responses during fairness decisions in 138 adults completing a variant of the Ultimatum Game with human and computer partners during fMRI. Behaviorally, participants who more strongly endorsed worsening others' emotions rejected unfair offers more frequently, and this tendency interacted with offer fairness to amplify rejection of unfair offers. At the neural level, the left anterior insula tracked offer unfairness more strongly in social versus nonsocial contexts, consistent with sociality modulating the neural encoding of fairness. Right dlPFC activation during socially unfair offers was greater among individuals who preferred to improve others' emotions. Connectivity analyses revealed that social fairness sensitivity predicted stronger amygdala–orbitofrontal and amygdala–dmPFC coupling; the latter was further amplified among individuals higher in other-directed emotion worsening. Together, these findings identify interpersonal emotion regulation as an understudied source of variation in the affective and prefrontal systems supporting fairness-based social decisions.

This research aims to analyze the role of Basic Cultural Sciences (IBD) education as the foundation for the development of legal awareness among law students. Using a normative qualitative approach, this study examines legal concepts, cultural values, and ethical principles derived from literature, legal doctrine, and laws and regulations. Analyzes the 1945 Constitution, Indonesian education regulations, selected international scholarships on legal culture, legal socialization, and legal education published between 1998 and 2025. The findings indicate that IBD strengthens legal awareness by fostering moral integrity, ethical reasoning, and social sensitivity when positioned as a formative medium rather than supplementary knowledge. The implication is the need to integrate IBD learning more explicitly into the legal curriculum as well as the importance of strengthening IBD education to produce law graduates who are intellectually intelligent and uphold moral responsibility.

Unraveling the dynamic interaction with psychological resilience and social sensitivity in the development of Internet Gaming Disorder: a cross-lagged panel network analysis

Introduction: Social media plays a vital role in student nurses’ academic and personal lives, influencing communication, learning, and professional identity. As future healthcare professionals, they must demonstrate ethical sensitivity in both clinical and online settings. Aim: This study aimed to assess student nurses’ attitudes toward social media, their ethical sensitivity, and the relationship between the two variables. Methods: A descriptive-correlational design was used with 384 student nurses from three universities in Baguio City. Data collection was approved by the SLU Research Ethics Committee and coordinated with institutional offices. The Responsible Use of Social Media Attitude Scale (RUSMAS) and Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire (ESQ) were utilized. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Respondents showed positive attitudes toward social media (x̄ = 55.97) and high ethical sensitivity (x̄=127.48). A weak but statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.2851) was found, indicating that student nurses with more responsible social media behavior tended to exhibit higher ethical sensitivity. Conclusion: Student nurses demonstrate both high ethical sensitivity and positive attitudes toward responsible social media use. However, a positive attitude alone may not strongly determine ethical sensitivity.

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between civic literacy and social sensitivity among elementary school students in Indonesia’s multicultural context. Social sensitivity refers to students’ capacity for empathy, respect for difference, and cooperative interaction. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the study integrates survey data from 1,209 students in Grades 4–6 with qualitative interviews involving teachers and students from diverse school settings. Civic literacy is conceptualised as a multidimensional construct encompassing empathy, rights awareness, and participation. The findings indicate a significant association between civic literacy and social sensitivity, with these dimensions closely linked to inclusive social orientations. Qualitative evidence suggests that dialogic and participatory classroom practices support the enactment of civic understanding, while lecture-dominated instruction constrains student voice. The study contributes to moral and multicultural education by clarifying how civic literacy relates to children’s social sensitivity in elementary schooling.

ABSTRACT Background Competency-based education (CBE) emphasizes mastery of defined competencies rather than time-based progression. Within orthopedic manual physical therapy (OMPT), the evolving evidence supports person-centered, evidence-informed care, requiring fellowship training standards that reflect this shift. Among the seven proposed domains of competence, Systems-Based Practice (SBP) and Patient Management (PM) are essential. SBP focuses on navigating healthcare systems, interprofessional collaboration, and advocacy, while PM emphasizes delivering comprehensive, value-based care through evidence-informed, person-centered approaches. Consensus on competencies for these domains in OMPT fellowship training remains unclear. Objective To achieve an international consensus on competencies and graduation milestones for OMPT fellowship training in SBP and PM. Methods A modified three-Round Delphi study was conducted. In Round I, nine content experts drafted competencies and milestones. Rounds II and III invited stakeholders from the International Federation of Manual and Musculoskeletal Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) member organizations via web-based surveys. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥ 80% agreement. Descriptive statistics and composite scores were used to assess the strength of agreement. The reporting in this study follows guidelines from the Accurate Consensus Reporting Document (ACCORD). Results Systems-Based Practice (SBP): Five competencies and 19 milestoneswere proposed; four competencies achieved consensus (health screening, healtheducation, healthcare system navigation, health policy and advocacy). PatientManagement (PM): Six competencies and 17 milestones achieved consensus,with the strongest support for evidence-informed treatment implementation,person-centered care, cultural and social sensitivity, and outcomeoptimization. Lesser support was observed for applying the human movementsystem framework. Conclusions Findingsunderscore the importance of competencies that promote leadership, advocacy,and evidence-informed, person-centered care in OMPT fellowship training. Gapsin consensus regarding quality improvement and the application of movementsystems highlight areas for future study or development. These resultscontribute to a global framework for advanced OMPT fellowship-level education.

ABSTRACT This article analyses the journalistic treatment of charity in the Madrid press during 1821, in the context of the Liberal Triennium. The main objective is to identify critical discourses on the functioning of the welfare system and the care of the poor, focusing both on the problems of financing and on the structural, institutional and human deficiencies that affected the charitable centres, with special attention to the foundling homes. The research is based on a newspaper corpus centred on publications such as El Censor and El Universal, using a methodology that combines discourse analysis with a contextualised reading of the sources in order to reconstruct the logics of representation and denunciation present in the public debate. The results point to a landscape dominated by precariousness, neglect and inefficiency, where reformist initiatives clashed with scarce resources, administrative fragmentation and the persistence of clientelistic practices. The criticisms reported in the press reveal not only an emerging social sensitivity, but also the lack of articulation of a welfare model in line with the principles of the new constitutional regime, making welfare a reflection of the tensions of incipient liberalism.

BackgroundOvarian function suppression (OFS) treatment induces sudden menopause in women with breast cancer, leading to severe sexual issues. While overall sexual health research is limited, evidence specific to OFS-treated women is even scarcer. We aim to compare the symptom burden and interpersonal relationships of sexually active (SAW) and inactive women (SIW).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to July 2024. Participants completed questionnaires including demographic/clinical data and scales assessing symptom burden, social support, and social alienation. Convenience sampling included 1134 OFS women (SIW, n = 339; SAW, n = 795).ResultsBefore and after overlap weighting (OW), SIW is consistently associated with higher overall symptom burden; post-OW, it correlates only with phase-specific poorer social attributes. Initially, a lower ‘lost interest in sex’ burden correlates with SIW, but this relationship reverses after adjustment. Following OW, anxiety (OR 6.32, 95%CI 1.33-29.97), mood swings (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.05–14.12), and depression (OR 2.39, 95%CI 1.00-5.69) show the highest odds of occurrence in SIW vs. SAW. Relative to “Independent & Balanced”, married SIW treated for 1-3 months align with “Isolated & Overburdened”. Conversely, SAW profiles vary: married women treated for 3-5 years belong to “Selective Sexual Burden,” married women belong to the “Latently Stressed”, while those treated for 1-3 months fall into “Vaginal Symptom-Focused” or “Multi-System Diffuse Distress”.ConclusionsSex life is associated with OFS women’s physical, mental, and interpersonal burdens. We identified SIW/SAW phenotyping categories with different symptom and interpersonal burdens and women with different social support sensitivities, providing a theoretical basis for future interventions.

Sensitivity to social threat is one form of emotion dysregulation implicated in internalizing psychopathologies, yet its developmental origins and mechanistic role remain insufficiently specified. One of the most reliable, early emerging predictors of internalizing disorders is extreme fearful temperament, which is characterized by heightened sensitivity to novelty and threat, especially if social in nature. Links between early fearful temperament, social reticence with unfamiliar peers in childhood, and the later emergence of social anxiety disorder are well-established, as is the link between social anxiety and subsequent depression. This narrative review integrates research on altered processing of social threat across units of analysis (behavior, EEG/ERP, fMRI, self-report) in youth with fearful temperament, anxiety, and depression, as well as the role of social threat sensitivity in shaping these prospective associations. We propose a conceptual model in which hypervigilance to social threat beginning in early childhood promotes social avoidance, which in turn heightens sensitivity to signals of negative social feedback from peers. These vulnerabilities may be compounded by normative increases in sensitivity to social threat across adolescence, leading to higher rejection sensitivity, a lower sense of connectedness with peers, and increased risk for the onset of internalizing disorders. We conclude with recommendations for future research, including the need to delineate how these neurobehavioral vulnerabilities unfold in real-world social contexts, improve precision in predicting subtypes of internalizing symptoms, and identify risk and protective factors that alter this trajectory.

Project-based organizations (PBOs) face persistent challenges in managing workload fluctuations that influence performance, competitiveness, and resource sustainability. Although previous research has explored bidding strategies and project inflows and outflows, few studies have systematically modeled workload-capacity dynamics or assessed policy responses to manage them effectively. To address this gap, this study develops a system dynamics (SD) model that integrates both pre-award and post-award project phases with internal and external organizational processes. Data for model development were drawn from the literature, industry reports, and expert interviews, resulting in the identification of 28 variables organized into subsystems covering demand, capacity planning, work execution, competitiveness, and financial performance. The model was validated through dimensional and structural tests, expert review, and further examined using social network analysis (SNA) and sensitivity analysis. The SNA results identified workload, production rate, and organizational capacity as the most influential variables. Sensitivity analysis conducted through Monte Carlo experiments, employing screening, regression, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) methods, revealed that capacity adjustment flexibility, minimum capacity, and demand level are critical factors influencing organizational stability. The validated model was then applied to evaluate policy alternatives under two distinct market conditions. Findings indicate that in lowest-price environments, a competitive, market-share-oriented policy enhances utilization and responsiveness, whereas in average-price markets, a stable capacity policy yields more sustainable outcomes. These results demonstrate how project-based organizations can strategically adjust bidding and capacity policies to stabilize workload dynamics and improve long-term operational resilience under different market conditions. The study contributes theoretically by extending the application of SD modeling to workload-capacity management in PBOs and contributes practically by offering a decision-support tool that helps managers assess capacity strategies, reduce risks, and align organizational policies with long-term sustainability objectives.

Depression is associated with social dysfunction, but the mechanisms linking affective symptoms to disrupted close relationships remain poorly understood. One possibility is that depression alters how people experience rewards shared with close others and how they interpret partners' actions. It remains unclear whether neural sensitivity to shared reward predicts social valuation during more complex interactions such as reciprocated trust. In this preregistered fMRI study, participants completed a reward-sharing task and a Trust Game with a close friend, a stranger, and a computer. We measured striatal shared reward sensitivity (SRS; friend > computer) and tested whether it related to subsequent investment behavior and brain responses to trust reciprocation. Depressive symptoms and perceived closeness were assessed via self-report. In a final sample of n = 123, participants reporting more depressive symptoms invested more in their friend than in the computer. Striatal SRS predicted temporoparietal junction responses to reciprocated trust, but this association depended jointly on social closeness and depression - with depression reversing the expected pattern among individuals reporting closer relationships. Striatal SRS was also inversely associated with connectivity between the default mode network and cerebellum during reciprocity. These findings suggest that closeness calibrates the striatal SRS' link to regional activity and network-level responses during social exchange, while depression alters how striatal SRS relates to regional activity, potentially disrupting how individuals interpret and respond to close others.