The research, entitled (The Reasons for Exaggeration in Andalusian Poetry), deals with exaggeration as an ancient artistic phenomenon used by poets to exaggerate expression and exceed the limits of reason to attract the recipient's attention. The research is divided into two sections: The first:Political reasons, such as the tyranny of rulers, suppression of freedoms, fluctuations of power, and the deterioration of conditions in the late Almohadeenera, which prompted poets to exaggerate in praising the rulers in the hope of gifts and fear of punishment. The second is characterized by social reasons, which included: tribal boasting, poverty, multiple sects, alienation, and poets being influenced by the beauty of nature. The corruption of society led poets to feel despair, which prompted them to exaggerate in depicting reality, whether in praise or criticism. The combined political and social conditions made exaggeration a prominent artistic and expressive tool in Andalusian poetry.

Social Normativity and Social Reasons

Cozy games, risen in popularity since the COVID-19 pandemic, are generally characterized by their easy mechanics, prosocial narratives, lack of violence, and overall feelings of comfort, safety, abundance, and softness. While academic research primarily focuses on defining cozy games and exploring their impact during the pandemic, little is known about who plays them and why. Therefore, we conducted an online survey of 277 cozy game players, examining players’ game motives and their Light and Dark Triad personality traits. Results show key reasons to play cozy games, including moral self-reflection (i.e., seeing cozy gameplay as a morally sensible activity), agency (i.e., having the freedom and control to make decisions and pursue actions according to players’ own desires or goals), escapism (i.e., escaping from daily reality into a safe virtual environment), experiencing eudaimonic emotions (i.e., feeling moved, awe, and having elevating or heartwarming or feelings), and an interest in the game’s narrative. Additionally, players scored significantly higher on Light Triad personality traits, with those scoring high on Humanism being more motivated by eudaimonic and social reasons. This study provides novel insights into the study of cozy games, the (eudaimonic) motives to play them, and cozy game players’ personality traits.

This article focuses on the linguistic classification of the toponyms of the Sho‘rchi district, paying attention to the features of the national language, the types of names and their motivating factors, their scope and scale, as well as the social and everyday reasons behind their formation.

Innovation is necessary yet challenging for local governments. This paper focuses on gender sensitivity in public transportation in major cities in Israel, as an example of organizational innovation, with the goal of identifying the factors that impede innovation in local government and the factors that may encourage such innovation. Studies have shown that for social, economic, and psychological reasons, women use public transportation differently than men do. However, decision-makers have not tended to integrate gender considerations into the planning and design of public spaces. This exacerbates social inequality. Data were collected from semi-structured, in-depth interviews that were conducted with 30 stakeholders in public and private organizations and focus-group discussions, which involved 40 participants (70 participants in total). The interviews and focus-group discussions revealed a complex system of organizational, management-related, and bureaucratic barriers that impede or completely prevent innovation in the field of public transportation. They also revealed a variety of factors that encourage innovation, including the local authorities perceiving themselves as responsible for promoting public transportation that meets the public’s needs, informal organizational structures, and intra-organizational initiatives that contribute to the implementation of gender-sensitive policies in the field of public transportation.

The article is devoted to the study of the causes and assessment of the scale of the labor shortage in agriculture in the agrarian regions of Russia. To achieve the goal, the authors used a combined approach to determining the labor shortage based on open data from Rosstat, indicators of online recruiting platforms, and expert assessments. The analysis of the availability of labor resources in agriculture indicates a steady downward trend in the number of people employed both in Russia and in the world. Rosstat statistical information on the need for labor resources and data from online recruiting platforms on the ratio of vacancies and resumes confirm the trend of increasing imbalance between the labor demand and supply in the Russian agricultural sector. The share of the need for workers to fill vacant positions has increased by 2.4 times over the past three years and amounted to 10.9% of the total number of personnel in agriculture in 2024. The values of the hh-index for the professional field "Agriculture" against the background of the gap between the expected and offered wage levels also indicate a shortage of applicants. A study of a sample of 26 agrarian regions of Russia revealed relatively labor-surplus agrarian regions (the Krasnodar Territory, regions of the North Caucasus Federal District) and labor-deficit regions (Bryansk, Oryol, Tambov Regions). It was established that the labor shortage in agriculture is caused by a complex set of demographic, economic, social and technological reasons, and it was proved that despite the differentiation of the severity of the labor shortage in the agrarian regions of Russia, an undoubted reserve for increasing the availability of labor resources is the growth of labor productivity based on the technological modernization of agriculture. Other areas for reducing the labor shortage are increasing the attractiveness of the agricultural sector, improving agricultural education, creating and maintaining decent living conditions in rural areas and, in general, further comprehensive modernization of the state agro-food policy.

A mediation analysis of Autistic-like traits and gaming motivations on problem gaming symptoms: Are the effects of social and escape motives the same?

The 7-day compassion diary: Evaluating a brief compassion flows training on body appreciation and cosmetic surgery interest.

Smoking affects human health and healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in Indonesia. We used secondary data from the 2021 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) to analyze Indonesian smoking cessation determinants. We analyzed data from 2,877 individuals aged 15 years and older from the 2021 GATS Indonesia, selected through multistage clustering. We used multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for the complex survey in STATA 17.0 to examine Indonesian smokers' intention to quit including age, sex, education, occupation, household wealth, place of residence, perceptions that smoking causes serious illness, efforts to stop smoking in the past, abstinence days in the past, health-related reason, social reason, environmental reason, and financial reason). Weighted adult intention to quit smoking within 12 months was 17.8%. Factors associated with intention to quit smoking among current smokers in Indonesia included adults age 45 years or older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.54), completed higher education (AOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.01-3.42), working status (AOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.96), perception that smoking causes serious illness (AOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.96-4.22), abstinence days in the past >30 days (AOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 2.18-4.41), social reason (AOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.05-2.09), and environmental reason (AOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.23-2.28). Intention to quit smoking depends on several factors. Smoking cessation guidelines must be widely and often implemented, especially for high-risk smokers. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological smoking cessation strategies require cooperation among healthcare providers, public health actors, and the government.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing low enrolment in formal pre-primary education in Tanzania, focusing on Arusha city. The study aimed to identify social, cultural, economic, and institutional reasons that lead many children to begin standard one without attending pre-primary education. A qualitative research design was employed using a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of parents, pre-primary teachers, head teachers and ward education officers. Participants were selected purposively, and data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and factors affecting enrolment. The findings revealed that enrolment in formal pre-primary education is affected by limited parental awareness, long distance from home to school, overcrowded classrooms, inadequate facilities, teacher shortages in public schools, weak enforcement of pre-primary education policy, and children’s involvement in household and pastoral duties. These challenges reduce participation in early learning and lead many children to start primary school without foundational literacy, numeracy, and social skills. The study concluded that improving access and quality of pre-primary education requires both policy enforcement and community engagement. It is recommended that the government expand pre-primary centres, improve school infrastructure, strengthen awareness campaigns, increase teacher recruitment, and reinforce policy implementation to ensure that children enroll before joining standard one.

This study examines how gender diversity affects the information technology sector's firm ‎performance. “It explores the impact of women on boards on long-term revenue, business ‎development, good governance, and competitive edge. The originality of this research lies in ‎its focus on how female directors can enhance board performance in the IT sector, building on ‎existing studies that link gender diversity to financial success and company performance. Our ‎focus is only on the IT sector, which is the unique contribution of our study. The study ‎analysed 649 research papers using a PRISMA systematic literature review to explore how ‎gender diversity affects firm performance in the information technology sector. It suggests ‎that firms increase women’s board representation for ethical, social, and financial reasons. However, ‎challenges remain, such as the traditional male-dominated network limiting women's access to ‎corporate boards, and achieving a critical mass (a sufficient number to influence board ‎dynamics) of females is crucial to reap the benefits of gender diversity”‎.

Ilonggo people in Kidapawan City, Philippines, code-switch for various social and practical reasons. However alive the Hiligaynon language is, there has not available a study on its codeswitching and its predominant structure. This qualitative research study employing linguistic analysis determined how codeswitching is structured and what dominant type of codeswitching is used in Hiligaynon language in Kidapawan City. The participants were Ilonggo individuals who are at least 18 years old and residing in Kidapawan City, Philippines. They were selected using Fishman’s (1972) five language domains of language use, which include school, home, church, market, and neighborhood. This study employed overt observation conducted in multiple sessions, with participants observed individually in their natural settings. The interactions ranged from formal to informal, depending on the context in which the observation took place. The study analyzed 50 instances of codeswitching, which were analyzed based on McArthur's (1998) codeswitching theory. The study found four structures of codeswitching in Hiligaynon: inter-sentential switching, where languages switch between sentences; intra-sentential switching, where languages mix within a sentence; intra-word switching, which happens within a single word; and tag switching, where a tag or interjection from one language is added to a sentence in another language. Results also revealed that Hiligaynon speakers predominantly use intra-sentential switching. Findings imply that Hiligaynon speakers are highly proficient in both their native and second languages, allowing them to switch between languages to adapt their speech for social acceptance and find precise words to facilitate conversations more effectively across multilingual contexts.

primary analysis of the smart stop trial: Lenalidomide, tafasitamab, rituximab, and acalabrutinib alone and with combination chemotherapy in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

A phase 2 trial of iberdomide, carfilzomib, daratumumab and dexamethasone quadruplet therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: The rekindle study

The ability of transgender people to access justice in Pakistan is a highly significant yet under-researched phenomenon that can be explained by the structural discrimination, legal ambiguities, and social obstacles. Transgender people experience a huge problem in acquiring equal treatment in the criminal justice system even with the constitutional safeguards and historic legal decisions. The major barriers are the societal stigma, harassment of the police, poor legal representation, and absence of gender sensitive judicial procedures. The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2018, is a positive move, however, the implementation process is uneven, and most transgender people continue to be victims of violence and exclusion. Access to justice is further complicated by cultural and religious norms which will tend to keep up with the marginalization. This paper explores the nexus between law, institutionalized practices and social reasoning in order to find out the obstacle and enabling factors to enhance access to justice. Through the examination of the available laws, case studies, and views of the stakeholders involved, the research demonstrates a very pressing need to reform the policies, conduct awareness programs, and train available capacity to provide fair justice to the transgender communities in Pakistan.

The neural basis of transactive technical cognition.

Health-Related and Social Drivers of Chronic Absenteeism in an Urban School District.

IntroductionChina had been implementing stringent dynamic policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. In late 2022, China made a sudden policy shift from its three-year dynamic zero-COVID to the re-opening policy, which resulted in a divergence of online public opinions and varying sentiments. However, few research has been done to explore the public’s sentiment changes toward this abrupt policy shift.MethodsTo better inform effective health communication regarding governments’ change of policies for future initiatives, this study aims to analyze public’s sentiment changes toward the launching of China’s re-opening policy by using Weibo data. Our study examined 1, 423, 694 Weibo posts during the period from November 11, 2022 to January 11, 2023 to conduct a fine-grained emotion extraction. This study also used the LDA topic model to extract potential topics in Weibo posts to align topics and corresponding emotions for generating in-depth understanding.ResultsFluctuations of different emotions during these two months were profoundly analyzed and interpreted by taking cultural, social, and policy-related reasons into consideration. Notably, the average proportion of “disgust” (24.0%) exceeded that of “like” (22.8%) after mid-December, while “happiness” exhibited a gradual increase to 12.0%.DiscussionResults of this study will be essential to informing the government’s effective health communication in the time of public health crisis, facilitating pandemic control and prevention, and enlightening on the maintenance of public’s well-being.

This paper delves into the narratives of international scholars living in Türkiye to learn first-hand about the academic, social, economic and political connections of academic mobility. Brain drain describes the mobility of people and their knowledge. In the past, economics highlighted the disparity between global economies and the detrimental effects of brain drain, calling it a “wicked problem”. Later approaches, however, present a more positive image by redefining brain drain as brain mobility and an opportunity for local economies to develop into highly desirable destinations, as in the case of Türkiye. With its expanding higher education network, Türkiye stands out as an emerging education hub, especially for scholars and students from the Middle East, Africa and Turkic Republics. The extensive body of relevant literature focuses on student mobility, pull-push variables, quality of stay and repatriation decisions; however, the voices of international scholars and their contribution to internationalisation remain underrepresented. Following a narrative approach, the findings of the present study reveal that international scholars migrate to Türkiye for academic, economic, political, social, individual and environmental reasons, and that these reasons actively affect their contribution to internationalisation practices.

The paper investigates disparities in food waste generation across European Union countries between 2020 and 2022, focusing on spatial and sustainability dimensions. It utilizes data for six key food waste parameters and a broad range of environmental, social and economic indicators. A combination of statistical methods, including correlation analysis, cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis, uncovers multivariate patterns and identifies groups of countries with similar food waste characteristics and related factors. The paper highlights the temporal and spatial dynamics of food waste over the three-year period, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the total volume of food waste remained relatively stable across the EU, notable shifts occurred in waste sources. Household food waste peaked in 2021, likely due to increased time spent at home during pandemic-related lockdowns. Conversely, waste from retail, restaurants and food service sectors showed a consistent increase. The paper identifies non-trivial correlations between food waste and socio-economic variables, suggesting that differences in food waste generation across EU countries are influenced by a complex interplay of factors, including policy effectiveness, cultural practices, consumer behaviour and economic conditions. This comprehensive analysis of food waste patterns across EU countries and over time offers valuable insights for policymakers aiming to reduce waste and promote sustainability.