Social Protection Network Research Articles

산재노동자의 심리회복 과정에 관한 현상학적 연구

The purpose of this study is to provide a contextual examination of the process of psychological recovery of injured workers after industrial accidents and to understand the nature of common experiences in the recovery process. This study uses Colaizzi's method of phenomenological research. A total of 4 times, 4 themes, and 11 categories were identified through the analysis of interviews with eight workers with recognized compensation claims for physical, psychological workplace. The 4 themes and times of the study were:‘ A Life of Running Ahead (Before an Industrial Accident),’‘Feeling Like I've been Struck by Lightning (Immediately After an Industrial Accident),’‘A Desperate Effort to Recover (During a Medical Care Duration),’ and ‘Rewriting a Second Life (After a Termination of Care Duration). Based on these findings, practical and policy suggestions were presented for the psychological recovery of injured workers, welfare improvement, and social insurance improvement as a social protection network.

The Role of the Social Protection Network in the Time of Covid-19

The Role of the Social Protection Network in the Time of Covid-19

One health insights into pastoralists’ perceptions on zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia: perspectives from South Omo Zone of SNNP Region

Zoonotic diseases negatively impact pastoral communities in Ethiopia. In addition to impacts on human health, the interaction between people, livestock and environment which is so fundamental to the pastoralist way of life, means zoonoses pose additional challenges to social bonds and protection networks. These challenges are compounded by adverse impacts from climate change, poor health care services, market problems and cultural practices that increase pastoralists’ vulnerability to zoonotic diseases. This research adopted a grounded theory approach and attempted to capture the perception of Hamer and Dassenetch pastoralists on zoonotic diseases and rangeland health through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Involved in the research were human and animal health experts, and woreda (Woreda is a third level of administrative unit in Ethiopia following region and zone) level government officials. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyse the data. Zoonotic diseases are a significant public health concern and have a substantial economic burden on local livelihoods. Poor access to human and livestock health services contributed towards the widespread transmission of zoonotic pathogens. In most cases, pastoralists were aware of the possibility of zoonotic disease transmission from livestock to humans and were cognizant of infections contracted from animals. However, the level of risk perception from zoonotic diseases and the subsequent measures of protection was poor. In almost all cases, despite pastoralists’ awareness of zoonotic diseases, they did not consider zoonoses as harmful to human health as they are to animals. It was evident that the burden of zoonotic diseases was high in livestock camps away from settlements in Hamer while for Dassenetch the resettlement clusters created a conducive environment for transmission. This research underscored the importance of engaging with local communities on the risk implications of zoonotic diseases including those related to their food habits and practices.

Life satisfaction during temporary housing after an earthquake: Comparing three cases in Italy

A disaster has a considerable impact on people who have lost their homes. We analyzed the life satisfaction of displaced people accommodated in temporary housing after three strong earthquakes that occurred in Italy in 2009 (Abruzzo), 2012 (Emilia), and 2016–17 (Central Italy). Information was obtained through an anonymous survey on a large number of variables related to socio-demographic features, temporary housing type and quality, social support and protection network, personal psychological resources and preparedness, and psychophysical health. Responses were collected through face-to-face and telephone interviews, stand-alone paper-and-pencil questionnaires, or online (N = 261). In the whole-sample analysis, the significant predictors of life satisfaction were earthquake preparedness, which earthquake out of three was experienced, protection network, accommodation type and quality, and general health status, thus highlighting the complex and multi-faceted nature of the underpinnings of life satisfaction in people displaced after an earthquake. However, different predictors explained life satisfaction in the analysis of each earthquake, pointing to the need to consider their specificity and the local context. Nevertheless, the perceived quality of the accommodation was a significant predictor both in the whole-sample analysis and in the analysis of two earthquakes (2009 Abruzzo and 2012 Emilia), highlighting the importance of providing temporary houses with appropriate properties (privacy, space, thermal and acoustic insulation, light, quality of materials, surroundings) and placed in locations that allow the resumption of life activities (e.g., education, work, socialization, health and public facilities and services).

Intersectoral Collaboration to Promote Child Development: The Contributions of the Actor-Network Theory

An integrated intersectoral care model promises to meet complex needs to promote early child development and address health determinants and inequities. Nevertheless, there is a lack of understanding of actors' interactions in producing intersectoral collaboration networks. The present study aimed to analyze the intersectoral collaboration in the social protection network involved in promoting early child growth and development in Brazilian municipalities. Underpinned by the tenets of actor-network theory, a case study was conducted with data produced from an educational intervention, entitled "Projeto Nascente." Through document analysis (ecomaps), participant observation (in Projeto Nascente seminars), and interviews (with municipal management representatives), our study explored and captured links among actors; controversies and resolution mechanisms; the presence of mediators and intermediaries; and an alignment of actors, resources, and support. The qualitative analysis of these materials identified three main themes: (1) agency fragility for intersectoral collaboration, (2) attempt to form networks, and (3) incorporation of fields of possibilities. Our findings revealed that intersectoral collaboration for promoting child growth and development is virtually non-existent or fragile, and local potential is missed or underused. These results emphasized the scarcity of action by mediators and intermediaries to promote enrollment processes to intersectoral collaboration. Likewise, existing controversies were not used as a mechanism for triggering changes. Our research supports the need to mobilize actors, resources, management, and communication tools that promote processes of interessement and enrollment in favor of intersectoral collaboration policies and practices for child development.

Impoverishment, hunger, and pandemic: Emergency Aid, the end of the Bolsa Família Benefit, and its replacement, Auxílio Brasil, 2019-2022

This article addresses the political choices made by the Brazilian government concerning conditional cash transfer programs during the covid-19 pandemic. The aim is to analyze how the covid-related Emergency Aid (Auxílio Emergencial), the extinction of the Bolsa Família Program, and the implementation of its replacement, Auxílio Brasil, interacted in the rearrangement and dismantling of Brazil's social protection network in a broader context of a generalized impoverishment of Brazilian workers. The article not only presents a record of these actions, but also offers an interpretative approach that, historically contextualized, can shed light on these actions, which ran parallel to the deepening entrenchment of neoliberal policies in the country.

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DOS CASOS DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL EM ANÁPOLIS - GOIÁS - BRASIL, NOS ANOS 2017 A 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of victims who suffered sexual violence, in Anápolis - Goiás - Brazil, between the years 2017 to 2020. Methods: descriptive study of quantitative nature. Data from the notification form of sexual violence registered in the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance were used. Chi-square test was used with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: 850 cases were notified, with the peak in 2020, 82.1% were female, between the age group of two to 10 years (42.2%), brown (61.2%) and single (37.1%). The main conduct carried out after sexual violence was blood collection (21.6%); the main aggressors were the parents (20.9%), the main type of sexual violence was rape (68.7%) and the victims were mainly referred to the Guardianship Council (48.2%). Conclusion: The results point to the need to strengthen interventions to expand the social protection network for children and adolescents.

Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking Behaviour in India

The present contribution makes the fifteenth part of the Social Change Indicators series. We have deliberated on several social and economic issues in the previous editions and the topics included vulnerable households across social classes, poverty and migration, living conditions, social protection networks, displacement of rural labour, health and morbidity conditions for older adults, and women’s time-use patterns. In this part, we examine intimate partner (or spousal) violence and help-seeking behaviour across the states of India. We provide state ranking on spousal violence based on the percentage of ever-married women aged 18–49, who have experienced emotional, physical or sexual violence. Subsequently, we provide statistics on attitudes towards wife-beating, frequencies of spousal violence by several background characteristics, and also the help-seeking responses of women who have experienced physical or sexual violence.

Indian Women’s Unpaid and Unrecognised Work: Results from Time-Use Data

The present contribution is the fourteenth part of the Social Change Indicators series. We have deliberated on the social and economic challenges due to the pandemic in the previous issues, and the topics covered include vulnerable households, poverty and migration, living conditions, social protection networks, rural labour displacement and health conditions of older adults. In this part, we examine women’s unpaid and unrecognised work in different states of India. We present the state ranking of percentage of persons participating in a day in employment and related activities as major activity in time-use activity classification and then information on percentage of females participating in a day in unpaid activities as well as in non-System of National Accounts (Non-SNA) production, considering all the activities in the time slot.

Coverage of social assistance in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time-to-event analysis

ObjectiveIn a pandemic, government assistance is essential to support the most vulnerable households as they face health and economic challenges. However, government assistance is effective only when it reaches vulnerable...

Health Conditions and Morbidities Among Older Adults in the States of India

The present contribution forms the thirteenth installment of our on-going series, Social Change Indicators. In this installment, we have deliberated on the health conditions of older adults in India which have exacerbated because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the past five issues, we looked specifically at the social and economic challenges brought on by the pandemic . The topics covered included vulnerable household across social classes, poverty and migration, living conditions for social distancing, social protection networks and the displacement of rural labour. In this part, we examine health conditions among older adults, aged 60 and above, in different states of India. We present the state’s ranking according to self-rated health status as well as the morbidity prevalence for the 60 plus population. We also look at the prevalence of chronic health conditions, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, asthma and lung disease, among older adults in different states of India.

االنتماء الوطني كمتغير وسيط بين الشعور باإلحباط واالتجاه نحو الهجرة لدى الشباب العاطلين عن العمل في قطاع غزة

The study aimed to know the level of national affiliation, feeling of frustration, direction towards immigration, relationship between them and predicting the national affiliation as a mediating variable between feeling of frustration and direction towards immigration among unemployed youth sample in governorate of Rafah and Khanyounes in Gaza Strip, where the study sample was formed from 310 person with percentage of 76% from males and 24% from females, and also 62% from ages below 30 years, selected through simple random manner and the study used the following tools: national affiliation scale prepared by Abu Rukba 2012, a sense of frustration scale and immigration tendency scale prepared by researcher. Study used the analytic descriptive method for discussion of study results, where the main results shown as follow: the level of national affiliation reached 72.7%, feeling of frustration 87.9%, direction towards immigration 85.6% which was a high level and there is an inverse correlation between national affiliation and feeling of frustration, as well as direction towards immigration, and there is a positive correlation between feeling of frustration and direction towards immigration, national affiliation works as a mediator between feeling of frustration and direction towards immigration after statistical isolation. The study highlighted that providing national and social protection network facilitates the reduction of psychological, social and economical crisis among Palestinian youths.

Social Displacement of Rural Labour in Pandemic Times: Data from Indian States

The present contribution is the twelfth part of the Social Change Indicators series. Over the past four issues, we have deliberated on the social and economic challenges arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. The topics that were covered previously have included aspects of vulnerable households across social classes, poverty and migration, living conditions for social distancing and social protection networks. In this issue, we examine the displacement of rural labour in various states of India. We examine aspects, such as the labour force participation rate in rural India, according to the usual status, age group of 15–59 years, the unemployment rate in rural India, according to the usual status, age group of 15–59 years, the percentage distribution of workers in the usual status by broad status in employment in rural India, and the percentage of workers engaged in informal sector enterprises among workers in usual status engaged in the agriculture sector.

Resilience of small-scale marine fishers of Bangladesh against the COVID-19 pandemic and the 65-day fishing ban

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic-induced nationwide lockdown (March-May) and the conservation-related 65-day fishing ban (May-July) in Bangladesh restricted its small-scale fishing folks from fishing for an unprecedented 130 days. This study assessed the resilience of two small-scale fishing communities in Barguna and Cox’s Bazar districts against these subsequent disturbances. The research developed a conceptual framework based on Zurich Flood Resilience Alliance’s ‘5 C-4R Framework’, which considers the relationships among a wide range of sources of resilience with livelihood capitals and resilience properties. By analyzing 100 interviews with marine fishers, this paper showed how weakened livelihood capitals affected the resilience of fishing communities. Dependency on a single income source, inadequate access to aid and financial and natural resources, lack of skills and knowledge on alternative livelihood options, absence of strong social protection and social networks, social inequalities, institutional incompetence, and lack of community leadership and cooperation severely affected fishers’ resilience. This study revealed that financial capital is directly linked with all resilience properties that require special attention to ensure fishers’ well-being. The paper recommended drastic investments in small-scale marine fishers through long-term livelihood improvement and asset creation, skills and knowledge development on natural-resource-based alternative income generation activities, and an exclusive social safety net program for these fisherfolks. The approach and findings of this study can guide other emerging economies who enjoy significant contributions from the marine fisheries sector to understand the resilience of their fishers and to address the prevailing challenges owing to the pandemic and other natural calamities.

Social Protection Network Across Indian States

This contribution of the Social Change Indicators forms the eleventh part of the series. Over the last three segments, we have been focussing on the social and economic challenges arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. The topics previously covered were on the themes of vulnerable households across social classes, poverty and migration and living conditions for social distancing. In this part, we highlight the spread of the social protection network in various states of India. Aspects such as the percentage of households having a below poverty line (BPL) card, percentage of households having a health scheme or health insurance, percentage of households having a bank or post office account, Aadhaar card saturation, percentage of families/persons covered under the targetted Public Distribution System, percentage of Aadhaar-seeded ration cards, allocation of work under MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) and the number of fair price shops per thousand population in 2021 have been examined. The required data has been collected from the Aadhaar Saturation Report provided by the Unique Identification Authority of India, the Food Grain Bulletin of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Ration Card Dashboard of the National Food Security Act, the public data portal of MGNREGA and the Fourth Round of the National Family Health Survey’s state volumes.

Factors associated with neonatal death among adolescent mothers

Abstract Objectives: to analyze factors associated with neonatal death among adolescent mothers. Methods: randomized hospital-based cross-sectional study in a tertiary institution,, data from the Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc), (Live Birth Information System), Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) (Mortality Information System), and medical records. The study population was comprised of 1,341 adolescents aged 10-19 who had assisted childbirth at the institution between 2012 to 2016. The independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, care, prenatal, childbirth, birth, and newborn’s hospitalization, as well as the baby’s characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association between neonatal death and explanatory variables. Results: the factors associated with death were from the countryside or other States (OR=2.68; CI95% =1.24-5.81), Apgar scores lower than 7 in the 1st (OR= 9.52; CI95% = 4.15-21.81) and the 5th (OR=4.17; CI95%=1.53-11.34) minutes of life; and birth weight less than 999g (OR=13.37; CI95% =3, 64-49.04) and between 1,500 to 2,499g (OR=3.43; CI95%=1.37-8.58). Conclusions: apgar and low birth weight were associated with the neonatal death among adolescent mothers, as well as the fact they come from the countryside and other States. These findings show, in addition to classic risks, potential difficulties for adolescents in having access to healthcare services in their hometown. To reduce the risks, there is a need for restructuring the maternal and child healthcare network and ensure a social protection network for these girls.

Work, Inequalities, and Precarization: Impacts on Brazil in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper aims to consider and analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on work in Brazil. The difficult times Brazil has been facing have deepened the precarization experienced by a significant number of citizens in the work world and exposed the structural inequalities of the Brazilian society. We begin by presenting a contextualization of the country in terms of general indicators (political and social) and highlighting the development of Brazil’s work relations. We then analyze secondary data (from official sources), showing even more profound social inequalities in the work world in pandemic times, including those referring to recent reformist policies, with strong neoliberal inspiration in Brazil. Finally, we discuss the above-mentioned profound inequalities, especially those related to the increasingly weaker social protection networks and labor rights in Brazilian society.

Welfare and social protection: What is the link with secondary migration? Evidence from the 2014‐crisis hit Italian region of Lombardy

AbstractEvidence on the relationship between secondary international migration and welfare state (or formal protection) support is currently limited. Also, the experience of financial support from semiformal and informal social protection networks has seen limited inclusion in current reflections on secondary mobility patterns such as onward and return migration. Our study analyses the relationship between support from formal, informal and semiformal social protection and short‐term secondary migration intentions. The study uses open‐access data from the Regional Observatory for Integration and Multiethnicity of Lombardy (Italy) and adopts a competing‐risk framework through multinomial logistic regression. Our data do not support the hypothesis of an ex‐post “magnetic effect” of the Italian formal social protection on its beneficiaries: individuals on formal welfare are more prone to onward and return migration. However, the positive relationship observed between welfare entitlements and onward migration intentions cannot rule out any effect of welfare magnetism from more generous welfare systems. Monetary aid received from Italian friends is negatively related to return intention. At the same time, economic support from foreign‐born friends is correlated to return migration. We interpret results according to social network theory. Economic support and social capital from bridging networks can act as an ex‐post integration‐driven magnet. Bonding social capital from ties with migrants in Italy cannot secure the migrants' stay in Italy. However, it can support return migration. Networks providing bonding transnational social capital, and expressed in the form of financial support from relatives living abroad, are instead positively correlated to both forms of secondary migration.

O ENFRENTAMENTO DA VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES NO ÂMBITO DA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA

Este artigo teve como objetivo identificar ações de enfrentamento da violência contra as mulheres pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa dos artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2016, encontrados nas seguintes bases: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Base de Dados em Enfermagem (Bdenf), Index Psicologia - Periódicos técnico-científicos e Rede Pan-Americana de Informação e Documentação em Engenharia Sanitária e Ciências do Ambiente (Repidisca). Foram encontrados 29 artigos, dos quais 13 foram selecionados para análise segundo as categorias: “o trabalho em rede com mulheres em situação de violência” e “limites e necessidades profissionais para o enfrentamento da violência de gênero”. A revisão mostra lacunas na formação dos profissionais de saúde para o diagnóstico e intervenção nos casos de violência de gênero, e desarticulação entre a rede de proteção social e das equipes de saúde da família no atendimento das mulheres vítimas de violência.

Social Protection and its Impact on the Cohesion of Vulnerable Groups: A Field Study of a Sample Social Protection Network Beneficiaries

Social protection meets different aspects of the needs of vulnerable groups, such as the economic, health, education, and family relations and ties in the Iraqi society. This is because vulnerable groups have suffered from social and economic influences that have negative implications on the social reality as a whole. Poverty is a case in point, which paved the way to frequent setbacks that have led to social structure instability. Accordingly, the present study aims to examine the role and effect of the Net of Social Protection Program in equally distributing social protection to curb or mitigate any negative consequnces that might happen to the poor segments and vulnerable people, who are succeptible to shocks, such as: the orphans, unemployed, disabled and the poor. Since such a step reduces poverty rates, the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs has sought through its social protection network programs to achieve equality, the biggest achievement to the country. Having examined the issue, the researcher has found that there is no social justice in distributing material guarantees to the poor or the people in need. There are several individuals whose names are registered in the lists of the people in need. Such names are either fake or belong to people who do not really need such aids. According the puposes behind the present aims are to: maintain fairness in distributing cash collaterals for the people who live below the poverty line in need, overcome the difficulties of coping with the poor community, deal with those people positively, and uplift them. The study has concluded that the number of poor people is increasing in the Iraqi society. Besides, such groups of people need to be respected, severed and provided with a decent way of living. All such rights are part and parcel of human rights.