Depression and biological aging: Unexpected vulnerability in relatively advantaged social risk profile group.

Autistic girls are often diagnosed late, missed, or misdiagnosed, which can negatively impact quality of life and mental health. Although research shows the social profiles of autistic girls differ from boys in systematic ways that might explain gaps in diagnosis, little is known about how autistic girls' social language compares to their same-sex non-autistic peers. This study investigated social words-words that make reference to other people-produced by 138 age- and IQ-matched autistic and non-autistic youth (ages 6-15) during one Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition task. Girls used significantly more social words than boys across both diagnostic groups. There was a larger gap in social word production between autistic girls and non-autistic girls than autistic boys and non-autistic boys, with non-autistic girls using the most social words. Non-autistic girls' social language behavior-including their social word production-sets an especially high bar for autistic girls, who often report trying to blend in with other girls. Growing evidence of the distinct social language profiles of autistic and non-autistic girls versus boys should guide researchers and clinicians to assess autism in ways that are sensitive to sex-associated differences and develop interventions that consider the norms of youth's target social circles.Lay AbstractAutism is often diagnosed later in girls and women as compared to boys and men. More research is needed to understand how autism presents differently in girls. This study investigates how autistic and non-autistic youth aged 6 to 15 years use social words (e.g. "friend," "mom," "help," "talk") during an interview about friends, relationships, and marriage as part of an autism diagnostic assessment. Overall, girls used more social words compared to boys and talked more about friends. Specifically, non-autistic girls used the most social words in comparison with other groups. Highly social language produced by non-autistic girls may make it especially hard for autistic girls to blend in with other girls and could lead them to engage in more camouflaging behaviors to hide their autistic characteristics. With such different average social language behavior from girls and boys, researchers should consider adapting autism assessments and interventions to support the unique needs of autistic girls.

Identification of adolescent e-cigarette use could inform prevention and intervention programming and reduce associated consequences. One way to predict those engaging in use is by examining social media profiles and metrics. Most studies examining substance use content on social media employ self-report or human coding that have methodological limitations. Thus, the current study developed a supervised machine learning algorithm to classify participants into e-cigarette use categories based on Instagram metrics. Participants (n = 67, Mage = 18.27; 64.2% female, 82.1% Hispanic/Latino[a/x], 91% White) in the study provided their Instagram data downloaded through the app. Instagram metrics (i.e., number of followers, number following, number of liked comments, number of liked posts, number of posts, and number of messages) were extracted and included as input features in the model. Adolescents reported their e-cigarette use on a self-report measure. A classification tree method was used to classify participants as engaging in e-cigarette use or not. Data was partitioned into a training and test set using stratified sampling. All analyses were performed in Python. Three input features (number of followers, number of liked posts, and number of messages) were selected through hyperparameter-optimized feature selection. The final model accurately detected e-cigarette use 71% of the time. Findings indicate that supervised learning can predict adolescent e-cigarette use with accuracy consistent with other clinical populations. This study establishes that universal aspects of social media may be harbingers for policy makers and tech companies to provide targeted support and messaging.

Affiliative behaviours in pigs can enhance group cohesion and lower stress levels, ultimately improving individual welfare. Individual factors such as dominance rank, sex or kinship may play a key role in shaping the expression of social behaviours, but there is a lack of knowledge on the contribution of these variables. The aim of this study was to identify social behavioural profiles in pigs, based on putative affiliative behaviours, and evaluate the extent to which dominance rank, sex, and kinship influence their expression. Agonistic interactions were recorded on 212 male and female domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) to calculate dominance ranks within 16 groups. Based on this, 96 pigs (six pigs per group) were selected for observations on detailed social nosing behaviours, allogrooming, spatial proximity and social play. Principal components analysis was used to assess the presence of behavioural profiles, followed by mixed model analysis to evaluate the influence of individual factors on each principal component (PC). Snout contact constituted the majority of interactions and was exhibited by all pigs. Lying in body contact and snout-snout proximity were also frequent and were expressed by more than 95% of individuals. Allogrooming and social play were observed in 29.2 and 33.3% of pigs, respectively, and represented less than 1% of the total interaction frequency. Three PCs had eigenvalues > 1 and together explained 60.9% of the variance. The PCs related to social contact (PC1), proximity (PC2) and social engagement (PC3). Sex, dominance status and kinship had no effect on PC1 or PC3, but sex and kinship had a limited effect on PC2, with entire males showing more snout proximity than females (P <0.001) and pigs showing less snout proximity behaviours towards their kin (P=0.044). This study shows that the expression of putatively affiliative social behaviours can be clustered into profiles and is under commercial settings only marginally influenced by individual factors such as dominance and kinship, suggesting their general relevance to pigs' social life.

Getting lonely and isolated? Transitions in social isolation profiles over time and factors associated with them among older adults

ABSTRACT Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) significantly affects children's social functioning, yet existing research predominantly addresses attention and impulsivity rather than social development. Embodied cognition facilitates children's social skill acquisition during developmental stages, while augmented reality (AR) technology offers novel interactive modalities for social learning through virtual-real environment integration. Nevertheless, few studies have combined embodied cognition with AR to enhance social cognition in children with ADHD. This study developed SocialAR, a serious social game integrating software programs with physical toys. The intervention incorporates embodied cognition elements including voice interaction, facial imitation, and gesture-based learning, utilizing AR to create an immersive social learning experience for children with ADHD. The research comprised three phases: first, a questionnaire survey of parents of Chinese children with ADHD to identify social difficulties; second, indepth interviews with 12 parents and 8 ADHD specialists to obtain detailed social problem profiles; and third, prototype development based on these findings, subsequently evaluated by 15 design experts and 6 ADHD specialists. Results indicated substantial social challenges among Chinese children with ADHD and a paucity of effective social interventions. Expert evaluations affirmed the prototype's innovation and usability. Future research will involve experimental validation with children with ADHD to further test and optimize the intervention.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating an integrative screening procedure comprised of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and The Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS-5) (part A) into the initial referral process at a public outpatient child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. We aimed to (1) evaluate the feasibility of the screening procedure; (2) identify distinct psychosocial profiles through latent profile analysis (LPA); and (3) determine whether these unique profiles correlate with varying symptom severity levels to enhance treatment precision. Data from 901 families referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic between January 2024 and January 2025 were analyzed. Parents completed the PAT, SDQ and CPSS-A online prior to intake. LPA was used to identify psychosocial profiles. A pre-post comparison assessed whether implementation of screening increased rates of comprehensive care (psychiatric and para-medical treatment). Screening completion was high (95.7%), indicating strong feasibility. The LPA revealed three distinct profiles: Child Focused Profile (79.1%), Low Social Support Profile (12.5%), and High Parental Stress Profile (8.5%). These profiles differed in trauma exposure, family structure, and SDQ symptom patterns. Following implementation, a significantly greater proportion of patients received comprehensive care compared to the previous year (82.1% vs. 77.5%, p = .012). Integrating the PAT, SDQ and CPSS-A at intake is feasible and facilitates meaningful psychosocial profiling that may support triage and tailored interventions. Profile-informed care has the potential to enhance treatment precision and resource allocation in overstretched mental health systems.

Social and environmental exposures, typically characterized at residential locations, are linked to adverse respiratory outcomes in children; yet, children spend a significant amount of time in school. Little is known about how socio-demographic and environmental exposures vary between home and school settings. The objectives of this study were to compare home and school exposures and to assess whether these differences were consistent across cities and varied by home-school distance. Home and school addresses were geocoded for 6-13 year olds (n = 923) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. Children were drawn from cohorts located in New York City (NYC), Boston, Cincinnati, Baltimore, and St. Louis. Four categories of exposures were assessed: neighborhood socio-demographics (assigned at the census-tract level), ambient pollution (fine particulate matter (PM2.5); 1 × 1 km grids), traffic-exposure (primary/secondary road proximity, traffic/truck density; 400 m-buffer), and green-space (Enhanced Vegetation Index; 500-m, 1500-m, and 2500-m buffer). Overall, neighborhood socio-demographic characteristics were less favorable near home vs school including median household income ($58,125 vs $63,315), poverty (7.8% vs 5.9%), percentage of residents with less than high school education attainment (9.8% vs 8.4%), households receiving public assistance (7.6% vs 6.0%; p < 0.002 for all). Home-school differences were greatest for poverty and receiving public assistance in Baltimore (median: 48.9% and 39.3%) and St. Louis (15.8% and 15.7%), whereas the other cities showed no differences (median values of 0). Overall, children who lived farther from school (≥3.4 km), had greater differences in neighborhood socio-demographics (near vs far median percent difference: 0 vs 16.8% less than high school education, 0 vs 43.1% receiving public assistance) with the largest distance-related percent differences observed in NYC and Baltimore. No meaningful home-school differences were observed in particulate pollution, traffic-exposure, green-space (e.g., home vs school PM2.5: 9.8 vs 9.9 μg/m3) regardless of the distance between home and school. Children within our longitudinal birth cohorts experienced less optimal socio-demographic conditions at home compared to school, particularly those from low-income families and those traveling further to go to school; however, outdoor exposures such as PM2.5, traffic, and green-space were similar. Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce environmental health inequities may need to address social and structural disparities at home, such as housing quality and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Additionally, schools may offer an opportunity to provide beneficial exposures, potentially buffering some of the adverse SES-related exposures experienced at home. Overall, our findings provide rationale for a holistic assessment of the social and environmental exposure profile in future environmental health research.

Foreign body ingestion (FBI) in children is a worldwide health concern, yet little research has examined the influence of ethnicity and socioeconomic background. This study compared the epidemiology of FBI among Jewish and Bedouin children in southern Israel, two populations with distinct social and economic profiles. A retrospective review was conducted of children presenting with FBI to the emergency department at Saban Children's Hospital between 2022 and 2023. A total of 479 children were identified, 53.9% males, with a median age of 6.1 years; 66% were Bedouin. The overall prevalence of FBI was 0.15 per 100 children, with higher rates among Bedouins than Jews (0.19 vs. 0.10 per 100, p < 0.005). Uniquely, Bedouin females presented more often than males. Blunt objects accounted for most ingestions (48.5%), followed by sharp objects (26.7%). Bedouin children ingested sharp objects more frequently than Jews (33.5% vs. 13.5%), while magnet ingestion was more common among Jews (16.6% vs. 3.5%). Hospitalisation was also higher in Bedouins (52.2% vs. 35.6%). Bedouin children experienced higher rates of FBI and hospitalisation, likely reflecting socioeconomic disadvantage. Cultural practices, such as hijab pin use, may explain the predominance among Bedouin girls. Targeted education could reduce this burden.

There has been a notable shift towards exploring social segregation in the context of spatial mobility. This paper proposes a qualitative approach to the study of social segregation and, under the new mobilities paradigm, it incorporates the concept of co-present interaction. The aim of the article is to examine how social segregation intertwined with spatial mobility evolves over the course of an individual’s life and to explore the relationship between the two. By applying the biographical method, changes in spatial mobility and social segregation are revealed in the lives of a group of lower social profile interviewees during ‘windows of change’.

This study examines whether crises act as catalysts for sustainable digital transformation in Montenegrin small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and identifies the organizational and HR barriers that mediate change. Using a quantitative online survey conducted August 2023–January 2024 with 209 firms (response rate 24.7%), descriptive statistics and chi-square tests assess adoption patterns across marketing, advanced digital tools, platforms, and employee attitudes. Findings show substantial digital presence (≈95% maintain a website or social profile), 37% report full adoption of digital marketing, and 48% use generative AI (ChatGPT), yet over half lack familiarity with other advanced technologies. Primary obstacles are time constraints, organizational and individual resistance, and limited institutional support; substantive transformation frequently occurs reactively during crises rather than through proactive capability development. The findings suggest that technology adoption alone does not ensure sustained value creation. Effective digital transformation requires complementary investments in leadership, HR practices, employee training, and governance. The study is limited by its convenience sample and single-country focus; future research should adopt longitudinal and multivariate designs.

Most individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) exhibit symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting a substantial overlap in social cognitive profiles. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore social cognitive abilities in children and adolescents with FXS in comparison with an age-matched heterogeneous ASD group and typically developing (TD) peers. Key domains assessed included basic visual social attention towards faces, autonomic arousal in reaction to conflicting emotional information and Theory of Mind (ToM). Participants comprised 14 children with FXS, 24 with ASD and 19 TD controls, aged 6-18 years. Visual attention and implicit emotion recognition were measured using an emotional oddball paradigm using gaze behaviour and pupillometric analysis, and ToM was assessed with the NEPSY-II neuropsychological test battery ToM subtest. Results indicated that children and adolescents with FXS directed their gaze less towards relevant social-emotional information (i.e., faces and especially eyes), compared with both the ASD and TD groups. Regarding implicit emotion recognition, the attentional disparity between the FXS group and the TD group was reduced when conflicting multisensory emotional information was presented, rather than congruent cues. Next, a diminished pupillary response to conflicting emotional information was found in the FXS group, as compared with the ASD group. Additionally, the FXS group showed difficulties with ToM, compared with the ASD and TD groups. These findings suggest that both deviations in basic and higher-order social cognitive abilities may contribute to the social difficulties experienced by individuals with FXS and may partly account for the high incidence of ASD diagnoses in this population.

This article examines the effectiveness of Article 176-E of Decree No. 3.048/1999, which regulates the Public Administration's duty to advise insured persons regarding their social security rights, particularly regarding the possibility of waiting for a more advantageous retirement scheme or submitting the Social Security Professional Profile (PPP) for the recognition of special service time. The research adopts a bibliographic and documentary approach, analyzing scientific and normative production from 2018 to 2025, drawn from databases such as SciELO, CAPES, and university thesis repositories. The study is grounded in the theory of administrative acts and the principles governing administrative activity, especially legality, efficiency, objective good faith, and protection of legitimate expectations. It investigates how the INSS's informational omission constitutes a defect of consent by the insured and, consequently, generates an annullable administrative act. The results indicate that the lack of proper guidance on the possibility of deferring retirement or on the need for documentation related to special time compromises the insured's expression of will, characterizing a factual error compounded by the omission of assistance. It is concluded that compliance with the advisory duty by the Administration is not a mere option but a legal obligation arising from constitutional and infra-constitutional norms, the non-observance of which entails administrative and judicial liability of the social security entity.

Introduction: Brazilian public health faces constant challenges to meet demographic and social changes, and despite current policies, rates of sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis, especially in pregnant women and newborns, are still high. Primary Health Care is recognized as the best way to act on maternal and child health, with prenatal care being essential for the diagnosis and follow-up of pregnant women. Objective: To analyze the social and epidemiological profile of pregnant women and newborns with syphilis in the Southeast region of Brazil between 2019 and 2022. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional research, with data from Brazilian Epidemiological Indicators and the 2023 Epidemiological Bulletin of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: According to the results, the Southeast region concentrates almost 50% of the cases of gestational and congenital syphilis in Brazil. Although many pregnant women receive prenatal care and are diagnosed in the first trimester, a significant proportion still receive incomplete treatment, which negatively affects the newborn. Conclusion: Syphilis continues to be a serious public health issue, especially in the Southeast, with alarming growth rates. Therefore, it is essential to implement public policies that improve the quality of prenatal care, ensuring continuous follow-up during pregnancy and in the postpartum period for effective diagnosis and treatment of syphilis.

Association between social relationship profiles and depressive-anxiety symptoms among residents in nursing homes: A latent profile analysis.

Demographic, Social, and Clinical Profiles of Patients Initiating Lecanemab in Clinical Practice: A Single-Center Experience in Korea.

Social organization and division of labour are fundamental to animal societies1-3, yet how these structures emerge from individual interactions and are shaped by neuromodulation remains unclear. Here, using behavioural tracking in a semi-natural environment, neural recordings and computational models that integrate reinforcement learning and social condition, we show that triads of isogenic mice develop specialized roles spontaneously while solving a foraging task under social constraints. Notably, despite minor intra-sex differences in behaviour when mice were tested alone, male triads formed stable worker-scrounger relationships driven by competition, whereas female triads adopted uniform, cooperative strategies. These sex-divergent roles were shaped by dopaminergic activity in the ventral tegmental area. Model analysis revealed how intra-sex and inter-sex parameter differences in resource exploitation, combined with contingent social interactions, drive behavioural specialization and division of labour. Most notably, it highlighted how contingency, amplified by competition, magnifies individual differences and shapes social profiles. The plastic, adaptive nature of social organization was apparent when sex mixing or reintroducing experienced individuals into naive groups reshaped role distribution. Furthermore, dopaminergic manipulations confirmed this plasticity, reshaping roles and altering group structure. Our findings support a multi-scale feedback loop whereby social context shapes neural states, which in turn reinforce behavioural specialization and stabilize social structures.

The article considers the problem of introducing electronic educational resources into the process of forming supra-professional competencies in future specialists in the social and humanitarian fields. The purpose of the article is to identify the possibilities of integrating electronic educational resources into the educational process to develop such competencies in students as the ability to work in a team and stress resistance. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the concept of electronic educational resources in Russian and foreign scientific sources, clarified the concept of the introduction of electronic educational resources in the formation of trans-professional competencies in future specialists in the social and humanitarian profile. As a result of the data analysis, stages and a model for the introduction of electronic educational resources in the process of forming trans-professional competencies in future specialists in the social and humanitarian profile were proposed. In the conclusion, conclusions are made about the need to introduce electronic educational resources in the process of forming such trans-professional competencies in future specialists in the social and humanitarian profile as the ability to work in a team and stress resistance, empirical data on the level of formation of the studied trans-professional competencies are summarized.

Background: As part of our social accountability mandate, the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine produced a sociodemographic picture of our region’s residents, including gender, race/ethnicity, language, and neighbourhood of residence, in order to contribute to a representative healthcare workforce that can address the specific needs of our underserved communities. Approach: For our 2023 medical school cohort, we obtained data from the Ontario Medical Student Applicant Service Survey which is a mandatory component for all Ontario medical school applications and includes questions pertaining to first language and nine other equity, diversity, and inclusion factors. We compared these data to regional demographic data held at the Ottawa Neighbourhood Study, and linked the postal codes of students to their location of residence during high school to map their geographic contexts of origin. We developed a dynamic dashboard, accessible to faculty, students, and the community. Results: Among the 183 students in the 2023 MD cohort, only 22.4% came from designated priority regions, with few from rural areas or First Nations communities. Analysis revealed an overrepresentation of students from higher socioeconomic neighbourhoods, with just 28.2% of Ottawa-based students from the most socioeconomically disadvantaged quintiles, compared to 51.2% from the most advantaged. Our cohort was more diverse than our community with respect to non-official first languages, second and third generation status, and non-White self-reported race, but had an inadequate representation of certain priority groups (e.g., Black and Indigenous students). We found overrepresentation of students with at least one parent completing each of the higher levels of education compared to adults in the region (e.g. bachelor’s degree (51.4% vs 25.0%)), and more with parents working in education (30.1% vs 16.5%) and health (15.8% vs 7.5%) than regional comparisons. In addition, compared to our region’s residents, far more students came from the highest earning households (32.8% vs 13.2%). Implications: These insights have important implications for our future regional health workforce. First, they have guided targeted outreach initiatives to high schools in underrepresented areas. Second, they have informed our new regional admissions mandate, which includes a target of at least 50% of our medical school cohort from our priority region, and goals for specific representation streams. Third, we are revising our curriculum to ensure that the cases students encounter in their training reflect the social and demographic profiles of students they will care for in clinical practice. This initiative offers a replicable model for other institutions aiming to strengthen their healthcare workforce by aligning admissions and curriculum with their social accountability mandates. By ensuring medical students are representative of diverse communities, the initiative supports a more equitable healthcare system and builds a workforce prepared to meet the needs of underserved populations.

Beekeeping is a low-cost, eco-friendly subsidiary enterprise with immense potential to enhance rural livelihoods and agricultural productivity through pollination services. The present study assessed the social and economic profile of trainees and evaluated the impact of on-campus beekeeping vocational training on knowledge enhancement, perception, and enterprise adoption among farmers in Palghar district of Maharashtra. The study was conducted at Gokhale Education Society's Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Kosbad, during 2018?2023. A total of 146 trainees who successfully adopted beekeeping enterprises were selected for detailed analysis. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The results revealed that the majority of trainees belonged to marginal landholding, low-income, and tribal categories. (44.5%) young and (40.4%) middle-aged participants reflect their greater inclination towards skill-oriented vocational training and entrepreneurial activities. Chi-square analysis showed a significant difference in trainees' perception regarding topics covered during training (?? = 116.56, p < 0.01). Paired samples t-test indicated a highly significant increase in knowledge level after training (t = 21.46, p < 0.01). The findings confirm that vocational training significantly enhances knowledge, skills, and entrepreneurial orientation, thereby promoting beekeeping as a sustainable livelihood option in rural and tribal areas.