"I thought I could postpartum-proof my experience": Embodying, resisting, and negotiating medicalization online.

From platforms to features: A cross-platform framework for Social Network Sites and mental health

How SNS sports contact motivation relates to interest, perceived sports value, and SNS-based sports engagement.

Despite the notable proliferation of smoking cessation mobile apps, to date, no validated, Spanish-language, culturally tailored mobile intervention exists for Spanish speakers in the United States. The aim of this study was to conduct formative research to inform the adaptation of an evidence-based smoking cessation intervention developed for Spanish-speaking Hispanic and Latino individuals from a printed format into a mobile app. Guided by a user-centered approach and in collaboration with product design industry experts, wireframes were developed to present the app's layout and functionality. Focus groups were conducted over Zoom (Zoom Communications) with Spanish-speaking individuals who currently smoke to assess their previous mobile app experience, attitudes toward mobile apps, and feedback on app architecture and design. Two independent reviewers (RB in collaboration with another member from the qualitative core) trained in qualitative methods coded the focus group data using a thematic analysis approach and identified emerging themes. The app wireframes included 4 navigation buttons on the home screen to organize and deliver evidence-based intervention content-Home (Inicio), Learn (Aprende), My Coach (Mi Couch), and Profile (Perfil). Different wireframe designs were generated in distinct color palettes. Data saturation was reached after three focus groups. Participants were 54% (7/13) women, had a mean age of 56 (SD 14.9) years, 39% (5/13) had an education ≤high school, and 31% (4/13) were married or cohabitating. All participants smoked daily, a mean of 14 (SD 7.8) cigarettes per day, for 32 (SD 16.9) years, and 54% (7/13) smoked ≤30 minutes of waking. Participants reported using social media, news, shopping, and gaming apps, but few used mobile health apps. Salient barriers for app use included worries regarding privacy breaches and fears about misinformation. Desired features included community-building elements, personalization, reward badges, knowledge checks, and audiovisual presentation of content within the app. Participants disliked having a countdown to quit date, preferring an "I quit" button to initiate monitoring progress. They also viewed sharing progress with support networks as a source of unwanted pressure, although a few saw it as motivational. Overall, participants liked the app design and indicated willingness to use it. This formative research provides critical insights into preferences related to the development of culturally tailored mobile smoking cessation interventions for Spanish-speaking individuals. Key findings highlighted enthusiasm for a smoking cessation app and the importance of including features that foster social connection and allow for personalization.

Social networking sites engagement and purchase intention toward foreign brands: The mediating roles of multicultural experience and foreign brand love.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent, multifactorial, inflammatory condition commonly assessed using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). SNOT-22 has been characterized by observed discordance between its subjective outcomes and objective imaging results, a known potential feature of instruments validated for clinical research. Improved concordance between patient-reported outcomes and diagnostic tests may enhance synergy between research and daily clinical queries. To determine whether the findings of a novel adaptive SNOT instrument are associated with results of Lund-Mackay computed tomography (LMCT). This diagnostic study evaluated performance for both the standard static instrument (current standard) and a novel adaptive SNOT instrument compared with LMCT results for consecutive patients at tertiary care and community sites in Massachusetts from May 2020 to March 2025. Data were analyzed from March to July 2025. The standard static SNOT-22 or a novel adaptive version of the SNOT instrument and sinonasal LMCT-quantified imaging results; secondarily, endoscopy scores and allergy-related diagnostics were assessed. Associations between the static or adaptive SNOT instrument scores and LMCT results were assessed and compared via ordinal regression. Clinical probabilities were calculated. The factor analysis included 3661 patient respondents (mean [SD] age, 50 [17] years; 2468 females [67%] and 1224 males [33%]); 417 patients had imaging performed. Internal consistency within the unidimensional SNOT nasal domain was high (Cronbach α, 0.915; 95% CI, >0.91). Standard static SNOT nasal domain and overall scores (SNOT-22, -25, -26, and -29) were not measurably associated with LMCT. Adaptive SNOT scores based on item response theory data and guideline definitions demonstrated associations with LMCT, particularly for the nasal domain (odds ratio [OR], 3.75; 95% CI, 1.90-7.40) and also when ear, sleep, psychological, productivity, and allergy domains were incorporated. Adaptive allergy-focused testing was inversely associated with LMCT (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25-0.88), suggesting adaptive testing can differentiate between CRS and allergic rhinitis. Results for endoscopy scores were similar. Adaptive nasal scores had increasing probabilities of LMCT greater than 5. In this diagnostic study, the novel adaptive SNOT instrument established an association between subjective patient-reported symptoms and objective imaging results, a characteristic distinct from traditional static testing. An adaptive approach may reduce the questions posed and discriminate between CRS and allergy diagnoses.

Cyanobacteria have long been recognized as a prolific source of bioactive natural products (NPs). Among these are the furanolides, a structurally diverse class of compounds first discovered in the 1980s. Furanolides are characterized by a γ-butyrolactone core bearing aromatic or aliphatic substituents at the α- and β-positions and an aromatic substituent at the γ-position. Recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of furanolide biosynthesis have enabled genome mining approaches to discover related cryptic furanolide biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In this work, we identified and cloned a cryptic BGC (15.5 kb) from Nodularia sp. NIES-3585 using the Direct Pathway Cloning (DiPaC) strategy and heterologously expressed it in E. coli BAP1. Through isolation and structural elucidation, we characterized the known compounds maculalactone B and deoxyenhygrolide A and discovered the novel analogue maculalactone N, featuring a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at the β-position. Application of Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) analysis of high-resolution LCMS data enabled the identification of 25 maculalactone-related molecules. Further, a MS/MS fragmentation rationale for furanolides was developed and used to probe for maculalactone-like molecules that were too low in abundance for isolation. The fragmentation analysis suggests the β-substituent displays remarkable diversity, accommodating phenolic, aliphatic, or indole moieties. Additionally, structural diversity occurs through various hydroxylations. These results demonstrate the substrate promiscuity of the maculalactone biosynthetic enzymes and their capacity to generate considerable structural diversity, while highlighting DiPaC as an effective strategy to access cyanobacterial NPs from cryptic BGCs.

Impacts of an app-assisted comprehensive oral frailty prevention program on oral frailty and care dependency risk in community-dwelling older adults.

This review identified the relative frequency of use of various types of providers delivering practice elements in 130 child mass trauma interventions and compared the use of these providers across events, populations, and settings. Mental health professionals (MHPs) more frequently delivered cognitive, self-monitoring, exposure, and narrative elements than other providers while non-specialist providers (NSPs) and teachers and school personnel (TSPs) delivered support networking and social skills training more frequently. MHPs administered interventions to targeted populations more frequently, and TSPs administered interventions to universal populations more frequently. Only MHPs administered interventions at clinical facilities; NSPs delivered a majority of interventions at community sites. Understanding the specific practice elements delivered by providers with different backgrounds and training can inform efforts to enhance the reach and impact of mass trauma services. Future publications should report greater detail about providers and their training and about specific practice elements used.

Gonatodes humeralis is a small gecko common in the Amazon, and little is known about its parasite community. The present work assessed for the first time in detail the parasite community of G. humeralis in 2 conservation areas of the municipality of São Luís, State of Maranhão, Brazil, and the factors associated with it. A total of 132 lizards were collected. We found only 3 parasite taxa: the nematode Skrjabinelazia galliardi in the stomach, the digenean Mesocoelium sp., and the cestode Oochoristica sp., both in the small intestine. Skrjabinelazia galliardi was the most dominant, prevalent, and abundant, followed by Oochoristica sp.; Mesocoelium sp. was rare, infecting only 2 female lizards from one of the collection sites. The parasite community was depauperate, noninteractive, and parasites were highly aggregated, which is typical of lizard hosts. Host body length was a strong factor shaping the parasite community, whereas sex, ontogeny, and collection site exerted a weak influence on it. Because all parasites are trophically transmitted, the host diet is likely an important indicator of parasite transmission in the present community. The local anthropic activities possibly influence the environmental quality, which may impact the existence of intermediate hosts for Mesocoelium sp. and its transmission. Gonatodes humeralis harbored only adult parasites, indicating that this species does not play a significant role as intermediate/paratenic host in the area but represents an important definitive host at least for S. galliardi and Oochoristica sp.

Social media use is habitual among students, and its availability and usefulness contribute to its prevalence. Numerous benefits are associated with social networking sites. Conversely, social media use can become addictive, and excessive use can lead to various psychological problems. It influences students' overall lifestyle and education. Therefore, it is essential to manage social media use to mitigate potential harms. Interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy can help balance social media use with other crucial aspects of life. This RCT was conducted by the Department of Applied Psychology at Government College University Faisalabad across various public and private universities in Faisalabad. Initially, 190 students were recruited for the assessment. After initial screening, 164 participants meeting the criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 82) and the wait-list control group (n = 82). The initial screening tool used was the Social Media Addiction Scale (SNAS), along with other tools, including the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Student Version, the Meezan Meta-Memory and Meta-Concentration Scale, and the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale, as well as the student's GPA. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 2.0. The findings indicate a significant difference in the level of social media addiction (i.e., F (1, 126) = 159.36, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.58) following the cognitive behavioural interventions. There was a notable increase in sleep hygiene (i.e., F (1, 126) = 150.48, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.54). Additionally, cognitive behavioral interventions led to a significant decrease in burnout levels (i.e., F (1, 126) = 58.74, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.47). They also resulted in a significant increase in memory and concentration (i.e., F (1, 126) = 46.40, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.26). Furthermore, students' academic performance significantly improved (i.e., F (1, 126) = 106.73, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.45), playing an important role in the student's success. Cognitive Behavioural Interventions effectively manage social media addiction and psychological issues. Sessions utilizing cognitive behavioural interventions have enhanced family relationships and academic performance in the experimental group compared to the control group on the waitlist. Students have reported reductions in social media addiction, lower levels of academic burnout, better sleeping conditions, improved memory and concentration, and strengthened family relationships. Trial Registration Thai Clinical Trial Registry (i.e. TCTR: TCTR20220924002).

ABSTRACT Many parents have concerns about what their adolescent children are doing online, including potential risks of their tweens and teens encountering people who may want to harm them. Some fear they do not know what their children are doing online and may be motivated to seek information to alleviate their uncertainty. This study applied the theory of motivated information management (TMIM) to examine parents’ information management process amid feelings of uncertainty surrounding their adolescent children’s use of social apps. Respondents (N =146) were parents/caregivers of adolescent children recruited using Prolific to complete a survey measuring the components of TMIM (e.g. uncertainty discrepancy, anxiety, efficacy). Findings generally support TMIM’s predictions about parents’ information management process regarding their adolescents’ use of social apps and are used to identify practical suggestions about parents’ uncertainty management regarding their children’s use of social communication technologies.

Identification and quantification of approval desire in social networking service posts and analysis of their linguistic features.

Multi-criteria optimization (MCO) is an advanced optimization technique that can be applied to any problem with multiple objectives that may be conflicting. MCO has been available in commercial treatment planning systems (TPS) for several years now and has been applied to treatment planning of many anatomical locations in a variety of ways. The MCO optimization method is based on the Pareto plans generation and is very powerful, but there are significant hurdles in terms of clinical implementation due to long computing times, lack of dosimetrists training and plan degradation after the optimized fluence is converted to deliverable. While some authors have studied the use of MCO in automation, no clinical implementation of an MCO-based auto-planning technique has been reported. This study aims to develop and clinically deploy an automated planning tool based on MCO for prostate and whole-pelvis radiotherapy. A Python script based on a commercial treatment planning system was developed to automate MCO, including Pareto plan generation, fluence plan selection, dose conversion, and post-processing. The tool underwent retrospective validation on 10 prostate patients with the input of four dosimetrists and a 10-month prospective pilot involving another three senior dosimetrists across different community sites. Dosimetrists evaluated plan quality and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback for iterative improvements of the tool. The study reports on the plan comparisons between the clinical and the MCO generated plans for retrospective patients. The study also reports the prospective use cases and the qualitative and quantitative evaluations from dosimetrists. Retrospective evaluations showed 82.5% of MCO prostate plans were clinically acceptable. The tool generated prostate plans in approximately 10.1 min and whole pelvis plans in 27.2 min. Dosimetric analysis revealed comparable plan quality to clinical plans, with MCO plans achieving lower organ-at-risk doses. In the pilot phase, the MCO tool was used for 41 prospective patients, producing plans that dosimetrists could refine to achieve clinical acceptability within a median of 10 min. This study demonstrates the successful development and clinical implementation of an MCO-based automated planning tool for generating acceptable VMAT plans for prostate and whole pelvis radiotherapy. The extensive pilot phase showcases an effective strategy for integrating automated planning solutions into routine clinical practice.

Achievable benchmarks of care (ABCs) are a process by which performance is anchored on a select high-achieving group. ABCs can motivate systemic quality improvement toward realistically achievable goals. The establishment of multisite ABCs in pediatric emergency medicine has been limited. To report ABCs for pediatric emergency care management (encounters with asthma, infections, or pain), readiness (vital measurement, timeliness, and throughput), and quality (return visits). This cross-sectional study analyzed visits at 12 emergency department (9 pediatric emergency departments [EDs] and 3 affiliate community sites) from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2024, in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) Registry. Data were analyzed from August 2025 to March 2026. An ABC was calculated for each performance measure and derived from the 10% of visits attended to by the highest-performing clinicians both within individual sites and in the database overall using the pared mean method. ABCs for each performance measure are described at the network and site level by year and overall. A total of 5 302 587 visits (median [IQR] patient age, 5.1 [1.8-11.0] years; 52.6% male patients) were included, of which 4 364 658 were quaternary pediatric ED visits and 937 929 were to affiliate community sites. Quality metrics varied across network sites and settings, with ranges of 56.8% to 99.3% for vital sign documentation, 61.4% to 92.6% for 2-point pain reduction for encounters with long bone fractures, and 93.1% to 99.2% for systemic corticosteroids given for visits with asthma exacerbation. Return visit with admission rate and antibiotic stewardship metrics had minimal variability across sites and care settings. There was significant ABC variability in throughput metrics (time-to-clinician and length of stay) across sites and pediatric ED vs affiliate setting. Overall, throughput metrics worsened over the study period. Performance measures more within clinicians' locus of control (care of encounters with asthma, pain reduction in encounters for long bone fractures) had wider variation between the site's mean performance and ABC, indicating practice variation within the sites. This cross-sectional study from 12 EDs established ABCs for pediatric care management using electronic health record data. These can be used to compare quality outcomes of pediatric emergency care and provide benchmarking relevant to settings that care for children.

Designing equitable influenza vaccination services for older adults in rural China: A discrete choice experiment.

Most of the smart phone users prefer to read the news via social media over internet. The news websites are publishing the news and provide the source of authentication. The question is how to authenticate the news and articles which are circulated among social media like WhatsApp groups, Facebook Pages, Twitter and other micro blogs &amp; social networking sites. It is harmful for the society to believe on the rumors and pretend to be a news. The need of an hour is to stop the rumors especially in the developing countries like India, and focus on the correct, authenticated news articles. This paper demonstrates a model and the methodology for fake news detection. With the help of Machine learning and natural language processing, it is tried to aggregate the news and later determine whether the news is real or fake using Support Vector Machine. The results of the proposed model is compared with existing models. The proposed model is working well and defining the correctness of results up to 93.6% of accuracy.

Purpose The use of mobile devices, such as to access social media, is pervasive in both private and work settings. It can lead to problematic behaviors, including social networking site addiction (SNSA) and digital stress (DS). To provide evidence on how SNSA and DS relate to employees, this research tests their associations with downstream variables across two cultures. Design/methodology/approach More than 700 German and Japanese employees completed an online survey. Multigroup structural equation modeling in AMOS tests the relationships between SNSA and digital stress and downstream variables. Findings Both SNSA and DS are linked to employee psychological strain, which is related to work performance and life satisfaction; work performance is also positively associated with life satisfaction. The negative relationship between strain and performance is more pronounced in Japan than in Germany. However, the other associations appear consistent across cultures, suggesting that SNSA and DS represent universal challenges for employees and organizations. Research limitations/implications This study includes German and Japanese employees. Continued research might address other countries (e.g. less-developed economies) and take a more differentiated view of employee occupations (e.g. low-vs. high-tech jobs). Practical implications Organizations must recognize the negative outcomes related to employees' excessive uses of social and digital media; develop ways to assess employees' SNSA and DS; and implement measures to conquer SNSA and DS. Originality/value In addition to reiterating the detrimental association of SNSA and DS with employees' perceived strain and two important downstream variables, this article adopts an explicitly cross-cultural approach to test these relationships.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted an abrupt transition to telemedicine for HIV care, necessitating the exploration of provider attitudes and experiences to understand its ongoing viability and impact. This study aimed to assess providers' attitudes toward and experiences with telemedicine at HIV clinics in the Chicago area during the COVID-19 pandemic at 2 time points and at 2 clinical sites. We conducted a convergent mixed methods study to evaluate and explore providers' attitudes toward and experiences with telemedicine at HIV clinics in the Chicago area during the COVID-19 pandemic, applying the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework and the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. This study assessed HIV providers via surveys at 2 time points, capturing responses on the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and maintenance of telemedicine. Semistructured key informant interviews were conducted on a random selection of 10 participants to explore perceived experiences with telemedicine. Among emailed providers, 43 of 83 (51.8%) and 27 of 82 (32.9%) responded to survey 1 and survey 2, respectively. The first survey recorded telemedicine usage at 75%, which decreased to 58% by the second survey. Overall, the majority of respondents agreed with statements that assessed telemedicine as appropriate, acceptable, and feasible. There were overall few statistical differences in responses between sites, although more providers at the community site indicated at least some potential value in telemedicine when compared to providers at the university hospital (100% agree or strongly agree vs 82.3%; P=.04) in survey 1. In survey 1, providers with more than 10 years of experience were less likely to report telemedicine helped them see more patients (31.6% agree or strongly agree vs 70.6% for providers with ≤10 y of experience; P=.008). Fewer experienced providers felt they could talk about private issues with their patients during telemedicine (57.9% of more experienced vs 88.3% of less experienced providers; P=.03). Key informant interviews provided qualitative insights into telemedicine integration, revealing mixed sentiments; providers appreciated the flexibility and accessibility that telemedicine offered but preferred in-person visits for their thoroughness, especially for physical examinations and laboratory tests. Despite initial barriers such as technical challenges and patient preferences for in-person visits, telemedicine was deemed feasible for maintaining communication and care quality. Providers highlighted the need for better technological support and ongoing training to optimize telemedicine usage. Our study underscores telemedicine as a sustainable adjunct to traditional HIV care, emphasizing the importance of addressing technological and training barriers to enhance its efficacy.

Two major youth-led activisms (the EndSARS and Obidient movements) have shaped recent political discourses in Nigeria, prompting empirical inquiry into whether online political activism leads to offline political participation. Previous studies on social media and deliberative democracy in Africa have documented its effects on various stages of deliberation, but not on voting decisions or political participation. In Nigeria, the depth of Internet penetration, dominance of social networking sites by youths and their sudden use of the sites for political activism and engagement stand against the culture of gerontocracy and personality recycling that prevent them from actively participating in politics offline. This online survey of Nigerian youths examined whether these movements indicate a shift from online mobilization to offline political participation, specifically voting and candidacy intentions. Findings indicated significant effects of social media on voting and the decision to contest, membership of the EndSARS and the Obidient movements and membership of the movements on active participation in politics. Although these online and offline forms of activism did not alter political outcomes in the 2023 presidential election, they hold implications for the future of deliberative democracy in Nigeria.