Contribution Of Social Media Research Articles

Multifaceted Exploration of Public Awareness, Government Perspectives, and Community Attitudes Toward HIV.

The purpose of this research is to quantify the knowledge of students about HIV, social media contribution, and their satisfaction with the government and society's acceptance of HIV patients. A cross-sectional survey of 579 participants was conducted at Punjab University, University of Peshawar, Karachi University, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences University, and Quaid-i-Azam University. Student self-administered surveys included demographics, knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and PLWHA acceptability. The response rate was 96.5%. The four variables are knowledge, government satisfaction, social media rumors, and HIV patient acceptance. The knowledge score in married males (Beta=-0.075) and married females (Beta=-0.022), government satisfaction in married males (Beta=0.087) and females (-0.412), social media rumors in married males (Beta=-0.125) and married female (Beta=-0.301, and HIV acceptance in society married male -0.301 and married female 0.07. the knowledge and government satisfaction, score showed that males had higher knowledge about HIV than married females. Married women say HIV acceptability in society is strong, whereas men believe social media spreads less misinformation. Similarly, there is a negative correlation between government satisfaction social media rumors (-0.687**) and HIV acceptance in society (-0.687**). HIV acceptance has a strong correlation with knowledge (0.711**) and social media rumors (0.727**). The p<0.001 indicates that there is a significant correlation. Sufficient knowledge and the positive role of social media, effective government contributions to eradicate HIV, and more awareness and knowledge can significantly change the attitude of the community toward PLWHA.

Association between social media use and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older Chinese adults

The burden of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Chinese during the COVID-19 pandemic is unclear, and the contribution of social media use to depressive symptoms in this population has not been studied. To address the gaps, we analyzed data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, nationally representative biannual surveys among adults aged ≥45 years. Social media use and depressive symptoms were measured in the 2018 and 2020 surveys. We tested longitudinal associations between baseline (2018) social media activities and risk of depressive symptoms in two years among 9121 participants without depressive symptoms. We also evaluated whether social media activity could reduce depressive symptoms during this period among 5302 individuals with depressive symptoms at baseline. Depressive symptoms affected 36·0% of this population in 2020. Women, individuals living in rural areas, and residents of western China provinces were particularly affected. Among participants without depressive symptoms, engaging in social media activities at baseline was associated with a 24.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10–36%) lower likelihood of developing depressive symptoms over the next two years. Among depressed participants, compared to individuals not using social media, those initiating three or more social media activities during this period had 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05–1.46) times higher chance of becoming non-depressed, and those using social media all the time were 1·36 (95% CI: 1·09–1·72) times more likely to become non-depressed. In conclusion, middle-aged and older Chinese adults have a substantial burden of depressive symptoms, and social media activities may help to prevent and reduce the symptoms.

Digital Dialects: The Impact of Social Media on Language Evolution And Emerging Forms of Communication

The advent of social media has profoundly influenced language evolution, introducing novel linguistic trends and emergent forms of communication. This literature review, titled "Digital Dialects: The Impact of Social Media on Language Evolution and Emerging Forms of Communication," explores three primary research problems. First, it investigates how social media contributes to language change. Second, it examines the emergent of new forms of communication. Third, it assesses the positive and negative impacts of social media on language proficiency and literacy. The research aims to analyze the contribution of social media in language change, identifying new forms of communication, and evaluating their impact on language learning and literacy development. Utilizing a documentary design, this study systematically reviews existing literature on the subject, drawing from previous publications to provide a comprehensive overview of the ways in which social media shapes language use. The findings reveal that social media acts as a catalyst for linguistic innovation, while also presenting challenges and opportunities for language proficiency and literacy. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between social media and language, offering insights into the ongoing evolution of communication in the digital age.

Contribution of Social Media in Shaping Self-Perceptions: A Case of Black Women

Purpose: This study aimed to explore how social media representations of Black women’s hair shapes their sense of identity, self-concept and hair care practices. Methodology: A qualitative cross-sectional approach was employed, with a sample size of five Black women in South Africa between the ages of 20 to 29 years old. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with research participants that were purposively selected from social media platforms Twitter and Instagram. The use of these platforms to select participants also offered convenience to the researcher as these participants were readily available because they are already active in social media. Thematic analysis was used in data analysis while the Social Identity Theory (SIT) was utilised as the theoretical framework to interpret the findings. Findings: Four themes were used to cluster the findings, namely self-categorization, social identification, perceived positive social identity and self-esteem restoration. The findings highlighted the role of social media in perpetuating the stereotypes which is traced to the slavery; and then highlight how the social media is used to reverse the systematic oppression of the Black women based on their hair. They also revealed that positive representations of Black hair on social media creates an attitude of self-acceptance and empowerment among Black women. Similarly, social media provides a space for Black women to connect, discuss their hair and share hair care tips, fostering a sense of belonging within the community. However, this study identified a gap in representation, as there tends to be an overrepresentation of one specific hair texture, leaving some Black women with limited or no representation, mainly those wearing dreadlocks. Unique Contribution to the theory, practice, and policy: The research makes a unique contribution by highlighting the importance of diverse representation in South African advertisements and social media marketing for hair products, as Black women’s hair textures and journeys are not a monolith. The findings concomitantly highlight the role of social media celebrities and/or social media influencers in the social media regarding the matter under investigation from the perspective of South African women. The study also noted the need for awareness and education about the cultural and historical significance of Black hair to reduce cultural appropriation. The findings further highlight the human rights element regarding the discrimination faced by Black women due to their hair texture, this knowledge may contribute to creating inclusivity in both society and social media spaces.

Public's social media use during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on 6 February 2023

Social media facilitates crisis management and emergency response efforts by disseminating disaster information during disasters. Understanding the positive and negative contributions of social media to disaster management after devastating disasters will make social media more effective and efficient for crisis management in the future. The objective of this study was to investigate the public's social media use in the 15-day period after the earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, in Türkiye. The study was designed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data were collected from 1698 people residing in Türkiye via a survey method and analyzed via descriptive, ordinal logistic regression, and thematic analysis. The thoughts of 245 participants regarding social media use were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that social media was employed as a powerful resource for sharing information after the earthquakes. The participants used Instagram the most and followed the social media accounts of the institutions the most. Posting the physical and psychological damage of earthquakes and humanitarian aid negatively affected the participants and caused them to think that social media was useless. Due to the information shared by social media phenomena and nongovernmental organizations, the participants stated that social media was useful after the earthquakes. For people to share posts that will contribute to search and rescue, aid and damage assessment on reliable and high-follower social media accounts, disaster managers, scientists and policy makers should understand communities' usage intentions, satisfaction and criticism regarding social media accounts and platforms during previous disasters.

Generative AI and Social Media May Exacerbate the Climate Crisis

Abstract The contributions of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and social media to the climate crisis are often underestimated. To date, much of the focus has been on direct emissions associated with the life cycle of tech products. In this forum article, we argue that this narrow focus misses the adverse and indirect impacts of generative AI and social media on the climate. We outline some of the indirect ways in which generative AI and social media undermine the optimism, focus, creativity, and veracity required to address the climate crisis. Our aim is twofold. First, we seek to balance the tide of optimism about the role of digitalization in addressing the climate crisis by offering a skeptic’s perspective. Second, we outline a new research agenda that moves beyond counting directly attributable carbon emissions and proposes a more comprehensive accounting of the indirect ways in which social media and generative AI adversely impact the sociopolitical conditions required to address the climate crisis.

Contribution of Social Media Marketing to Genz’s Buying Behavior

This study has been further undertaken to investigate the hitherto ignored areas of the impact of social media advertising on Generation Z (Gen Z), especially in terms of their buying behavior. Despite a plethora of research, there are still areas that require further exploration, such as Gen Z’s preferred social media platforms, their level of trust in user-generated content, the effectiveness of targeted ads, and the impact of micro-influencers. Moreover, there is a dearth of research on how social media affects Gen Z’s social, emotional, and academic development. To bridge these gaps, an all-encompassing research methodology has been proposed. A descriptive research design has been adopted to study and describe Gen Z’s existing buying behaviour in the context towards the social and media marketing process. It revolves around Gen Z group in India, aged between 10 and 30 years old. To name a few: simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, and cluster sampling. The data collection methods include surveys, interviews, and observations. The proposed analytical tools include descriptive statistics, percentage analysis, t-tests, and linear regression, with potential software choices such as SPSS, Excel, Google Analytics, and Tableau. The research objectives include investigating the level of trust in user-generated content, identifying the factors that foster brand loyalty, and examining the impact of social media into the social, emotional, and academic as well as the growth among Gen Z. In addition, this study has conducted a survey targeting Gen Z from various demographics to get to know deeper about their buying behaviour. The results of this survey will be presented later in the study. In summary, this study aims to shed light over the intricate relationship between the social media marketing and the Gen Z’s buying behaviour. The insights gained from this research will provide valuable information for marketers and businesses to develop effective strategies to engage with this demographic.

Stalking, harassment, gendered abuse, and violence towards politicians in the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery era.

High levels of harassment and threats against parliamentarians are being reported internationally, especially in the social media space. This is occurring alongside changes in our social landscape, with increasing political polarisation and the ongoing ramifications from the COVID-19 pandemic. Harassment of politicians has been shown to have implications for psychological wellbeing and physical safety. To investigate harassment and violence towards parliamentarians in the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery era, including whether there had been a change in its nature and quantity, and to explore the contribution of social media. A survey of all New Zealand's parliamentarians was fielded in 2022, focusing on their experiences of harassment analysed quantitatively and with manifest and latent content analysis of free text responses. Data were disaggregated and compared by gender. Secondary analyses were conducted on similar data collected from parliamentarians in 2014 to compare trends over time. We obtained a cleaned achieved survey sample of 54 Members of Parliament (MPs). Harassment was reported by 98% of respondents, ranging from disturbing communication to actual physical violence. The vast majority of MPs endorsed multiple modalities of harassment occurring on multiple occasions. Ninety-six percent of MPs had been harassed over social media, with over half being threatened, including threats of physical violence (40%), sexual violence (14%), threats made towards MP's family members (19%), threats towards staff (12%), and death threats (27%). Almost all forms of harassment had increased significantly since 2014. Most MPs reported experiencing abuse related to the Government response to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. lockdowns and vaccine mandates). Many MPs commented that the frequency and intensity of abuse increased markedly during the COVID pandemic and had not subsequently abated. Women were at significantly higher risk of certain types of social media harassment including gendered abuse, sexualised comments, threat of sexual violence, and threats toward their family. Harassment of parliamentarians is an escalating issue. Online threats and misogyny are increasingly apparent. This harassment has significant psychosocial costs for victims, their family and staff, and for democratic processes.

Impact of Social Media on Society: A Literature Review

This manuscript explores the profound impact of social media on society, with a focus on social behavior, politics, and cultural norms. Employing a systematic literature review, including diverse sources, case studies, and real-world examples, the study provides a nuanced and comprehensive analysis. The brevity enforced by character limits on platforms like Twitter has shaped concise and direct communication, with emojis, memes, and hashtags becoming integral to online discourse. The rapid spread of information on social media has, however, led to the dissemination of misinformation, influencing public opinion and potentially affecting political outcomes. Collaboration among individuals, policymakers, and technology developers is crucial to shape the future of social media responsibly. This necessitates cultivating a culture of responsible use, promoting digital literacy, and advocating for policies that safeguard user rights and well-being. Striking a balance between innovation and ethical considerations is paramount to ensure the continued positive contribution of social media to society.

Cyber-Politics: Social Media's Influence on Political Mobilization

Commencing with the recognition of social media's profound impact on political mobilisation, this research seeks to conduct an in-depth investigation into the intricate relationship between social media and political engagement, acknowledging the significant influence of digital platforms on civic participation. Employing a methodologically rigorous mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative content analysis and secondary data for quantitative analysis, the study systematically examines the nuanced dynamics of political discourse, information dissemination, and network structures within major social media domains. Guided by Social Movement Theory, the theoretical framework illuminates the instrumental role played by online communities and influencers in shaping contemporary political movements. Preliminary findings emphasize the pivotal contribution of social media to information dissemination, community-building endeavours, and activist initiatives. However, the research also identifies challenges related to misinformation and polarization, highlighting the need for a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted relationship between social media and political engagement. Aligned with a referenced study, this research enhances understanding of the influence exerted by digital spaces on civic engagement, providing a holistic examination of policy discourse, information distribution, and network structures across major social media channels. Establishing a foundation for future research, the study offers pragmatic insights to policymakers, facilitating the discerning utilization of social media platforms for constructive mobilization while mitigating deleterious consequences in the contemporary digital milieu.

Exploring the Impact of Social Media Use on Team Feedback and Team Performance in Construction Projects: A Systematic Literature Review

This systematic literature review examines the effects of social media use (SMU) and practices (SMPs) on team feedback (TF) and performance (TP) within the context of construction project management. It explores the complex interactions between SMU and SMPs and their impact on communication, collaboration, and stakeholder involvement in construction projects. The study investigates how these digital practices transform traditional methods of team interaction, feedback processes, and overall team performance amidst the challenging and diverse backdrop of construction sites. The goal of the review is to offer a detailed insight into the contribution of social media to contemporary construction project management, underscoring its value in boosting team communication, coordination, and effectiveness. This research is pivotal for decoding the changing dynamics of construction management, where digital tools and platforms play a crucial role in achieving project success. The anticipated outcomes are poised to provide significant implications for construction industry professionals, guiding them in harnessing social media for enhanced project management and team cooperation.

The role of social media in the country's defense capability

The aim of the article. Analyzing the impact of social media on defense capability, the article aims to determine their role in ensuring information security, maintaining morale and using them in crisis situations. The results of the analyses. The results of the analyses reveal three key aspects of the role of social media in enhancing a country's defense capabilities. Fostering moral spirit and societal unity: the research underscores the significant role of social media in bolstering the moral spirit of the population and fostering societal unity. Through various mechanisms, these platforms have been found to positively influence public sentiment, creating a sense of collective identity and shared values. Ensuring information security via social media: an essential finding is the crucial contribution of social media to ensuring information security. The analyses indicate that these platforms serve as strategic instruments for disseminating accurate information, countering disinformation, and enhancing the overall cybersecurity posture of the nation. Using social media for crisis response: the research identifies the instrumental role of social media in effectively responding to crisis situations. By leveraging these platforms, authorities can promptly disseminate crucial information to the public, coordinate emergency responses, and mobilize support, showcasing the invaluable utility of social media in crisis management and response efforts. Conclusions and direction for further research. It was determined that social media are becoming not only a means of communication, but also a strategic tool for ensuring information security. The growth of threats and risks requires the development and implementation of new strategies to protect against cyber attacks, disinformation and other threats originating from social media. The research showed that the use of social media can effectively support the morale of the society and the unity of the nation. The formation of a positive image of the defense forces through these platforms affects the formation of patriotic attitudes and readiness to defend the country. The role of social media in crisis response is also extremely important. With the help of these platforms, it is possible to quickly inform the public and coordinate assistance in emergency situations. All of this indicates that social media are becoming not only a platform for communication, but also a strategic tool for strengthening the defense capabilities of countries in the new realities of global security. Further exploration in this domain could involve a detailed examination of specific case studies where social media played a pivotal role in shaping a country's defense narrative. Analyzing instances of successful utilization of social media platforms during crises and conflicts can provide valuable insights for policymakers and defense strategists. Additionally, investigating the potential vulnerabilities and risks associated with the extensive use of social media in defense contexts is crucial to develop robust frameworks that safeguard national security in an evolving digital landscape. Moreover, further research endeavors could involve a detailed examination of specific case studies where social media played a pivotal role in shaping a country's defense narrative. Analyzing instances of successful utilization of social media platforms during crises and conflicts can provide valuable insights for policymakers and defense strategists. Additionally, investigating the potential vulnerabilities and risks associated with the extensive use of social media in defense contexts is crucial to develop robust frameworks that safeguard national security in an evolving digital landscape. Furthermore, studying the effectiveness of different strategies in using social media for defense purposes, including analyzing public reactions to information disseminated on military social networks and platforms, could be a fruitful avenue for future research.

Social Media and Sales Performance of Clothing Small Businesses in Nigeria

In Nigeria, small businesses are increasingly turning to social media as an approach for marketing and boosting their sales due largely to its wide reach and cost-effectiveness. The clothing industry is no exception, as small clothing businesses in Nigeria have begun to leverage social media to reach a wider audience and increase sales performance. Apparently, despite the huge potential of social media platforms available to prospective small businesses in Nigeria, existing and prospective small business owners still struggle to utilise these platforms to improve sales performance in the country. The paper examined the level of contributions of social media on small businesses' sales performance vis-a-vis customers purchasing behaviour. Also, it explored inherent challenges clothing businesses encountered on social media platforms for improved sales performance. The study was centred on descriptive research design through a qualitative approach, which relied on interviews. For the study, a purposive sampling technique was used to select 18 participants in the clothing business (shoes, fashion clothes, hairdressing and fashion accessories and hairdressing). By implication, social media usage has a multiplier effect on small businesses vis-à-vis the economic transformation of Nigeria if harnessed in line with the function framework. The study concluded that there is an apt need for small clothing businesses in Nigeria to grasp the trajectories and dynamics of social media and engage in effective and sustainable strategies to leverage social media for optimum benefit.

Social Media as a Potent Factor in Promoting Awareness about Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan: A Critical Analysis

Social media, as a new form of digital communication, has changed the way people think about education, health, banking, the environment, and other topics. The social media act as a catalyst in enlightening the masses on issues related to the environment like climate change, global warming, the green peace movement, depletion of the ozone layer, greenhouse gases effect, acid rain, and so on. It has been playing a very important role in spreading the Swachh Bharat Mission to the nook and corner of the country and changing the behavior of the public towards cleanliness. This study explores the significant role of social media in promoting awareness and driving engagement for social initiatives, focusing on the Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan in India. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan (Clean India Mission) is a government-led initiative aimed at achieving a clean and open-defecation-free India. Social media platforms have emerged as powerful tools for communication and information dissemination, making them valuable for promoting social causes. In the present study, the investigator conducts a meta-analysis of a research paper related to Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, mass media, and social media and seeks to explore mass media and social media contribution to Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. Findings of the study revealed that social media is a beneficial instrument for the Clean India Campaign and Television is viewed as an efficient medium of communication among the masses. In addition to it, the media has the power to propagate and build public understanding about cleanliness and its benefits, and to provide the proper conditions for behaviour changes.

The Internet and Social Media Contribution to Inclusivity and Exclusivity in Society

The Internet and Social Media Contribution to Inclusivity and Exclusivity in Society

Examining the Social Media Addiction Levels of Young Adults: Turkey Example

Social media has often started to be used as the first source for accessing information. Country agenda, general issues, research, new ideas, entertainment, shopping, instant communication and cooperation are the positive contributions of social media. Excessive use of social media in every aspect of life certainly causes harm. It causes serious psychological deformation, especially on adolescents, whom we call the young group. While social media can increase technical skills in adolescents, it can reduce social skills and communication and even some of the negative effects they encounter in this area can create psychological trauma. While the feeling of inadequacy, comparison and competition lead to psychological problems such as self-confidence and social anxiety; the virtualized perception of beauty poses dangers such as eating disorders in young people. Social media use, which has reached the point of addiction, adds a number of negativities to young people&amp;rsquo;s lives, such as sleep deprivation, decreased time spent with family and loss of interest in real life. In light of all this, the aim of this research is to examining the social media addiction levels of young adults. The sample of the study consists of 201 university students studying in different departments of a state university in Turkey and whose age range is between 18-30 and more age. &amp;ldquo;Social media addiction scale - adult form&amp;rdquo; scale developed by Sahin and Yagcı (2017) was used as a data collection tool in the study, with permission from the developer authors. In the study, the relational screening method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used. As a result, a significant relationship was detected between the variables of young people&amp;rsquo;s gender, age, daily internet and social media usage and their social media addictions. In addition the average social media addiction scores of university students were found to be high.

Social Media as a Political Platform in Africa: A Bibliometric Analysis

This study employs bibliometric analysis to scrutinize the pivotal journals, institutions, and countries at the nexus of social media and political discourse in Africa. Utilizing VOSviewer, a dataset of 123 publications from 2013 to 2023 was culled from Scopus Database. The analysis encompasses diverse methodologies, each tailored to the specific nature of bibliometric investigation. "Information, Communication and Society" emerged as the foremost journal in this domain, while South Africa spearheaded contributions, followed by the United States and the United Kingdom. The National Research Foundation played a prominent role as an influential institution. Notably, four distinct thematic clusters emerged, illuminating significant research areas such as the role of political platforms on human rights, the influence of social media on community engagement, the impact of media platforms on African conflicts, and social media's contribution to freedom through discourse. This study represents a pioneering bibliometric endeavor in comprehensively gauging the landscape of social media and politics in Africa, offering valuable insights for scholars and policymakers navigating this dynamic terrain.

The Contribution From Social Media, Healthy Lifestyle, And Religion To Teacher Competence And Its Impact On Teacher Performance

This study examines the contribution of social media, healthy lifestyle and religion to teacher competence and performance. Testing and data analysis techniques used path analysis. Using the technique of Purposive Consecutive Sampling within one month, the respondents obtained 189 teachers. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be said that social media, lifestyle, and religion contribute to teacher competence and impact teacher performance. However, when viewed partially, other findings show that social media only contributes to teacher competence. A healthy lifestyle contributes to teacher competence and teacher performance. In contrast, religious variables do not contribute to teacher competence and teacher performance, and teacher competence contributes to teacher performance. Based on the proposed relationship scheme, it was found that teacher competence could not mediate the relationship between independent variables and teacher performance

Differences in perceived online communication and disclosing e-motions among adolescents and young adults: The role of specific social media features and social anxiety.

Social media are widely used by adolescents and young adults as a mean to maintain interpersonal relationships. Recent studies have found that young individuals with high levels of social anxiety feel more confident in communicating online. However, little is known about the role of perceived social media characteristics that could minimize the distress they experienced in face-to-face interactions. In this study, we rely on the tenets of the Transformation Framework, according to which social media, with its own features, may transform social relationships, including disclosing emotions and communicating with others online, in ways that may differ across individuals with or without specific vulnerability (e.g., social anxiety). Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims at examining the contribution of three specific social media features (i.e., asynchronicity, cue absence, and visualness) in explaining perceived breadth and depth of online communication, both directly and via e-motional processes (i.e., expression and facilitating use of e-motions), across groups of individuals with high versus low levels of social anxiety. Participants were 1046 Italian adolescents and young adults (61.4% females; Mage = 17.9, SD = 3.23) who completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire between 2021 and 2022. Participants with very high scores on social anxiety (above the 90th percentile; socially anxious), were distinguished from all others (socially nonanxious) and a multigroup analysis (MGA) was run to compare the pattern of associations across the two different groups. Results from the MGA showed significant differences between the two groups, partially confirming our hypotheses. Specifically, among socially anxious individuals, perceived cue absence was found to benefit perceived breadth and depth of online communication, and asynchronicity to enhance online emotional processes; conversely, these associations were negative in the group of socially nonanxious. Thus, these findings underly the contribution of social media in explaining youngsters' online experiences and support the potential beneficial role of some social media features for those more socially vulnerable.

Digital Media and Media literacy. An Analysis of the Contribution and Effect of social media in Media Literacy

In today’s digital world every one is significantly involved in consuming media content with their interest and intent. Now it is proven that most of the time we are accessing the media content through mobile phone or other handy devices through several applications and websites. According to one survey an average kindergartener can access 70 media messages everyday and teens are using one-third of the day in media messages.[1] India is world’s second-largest population and second-largest digital market which is growing drastically in both urban and rural areas. Now India has more than 500 million Internet users and over 450 million smartphone users and one in every three people is consuming video content online. Affordable and easy access to technology and the growth of regional language usage in media content is wonderfully mix the early and new Internet users, which make this market ripe for opportunity in digital media content.[2] India is a 2nd largest number of internet users in the world.[3] As a result a large number of population is shifting towards online and digital platform and it may possible that population is not that much media literate to analyze the critically think on the dissemination and consumption of media message. So this has become necessary to critically insight the term, types and effect of media literacy.