ABSTRACT This research seeks to examine the strategies employed by social media travel influencers (SMTIs) in managing their organic and sponsored posts, as well as their interactions with followers. This qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews with 24 SMTIs who possess a significant presence on social media platforms. The findings indicate that followers exhibit a preference for organic content. The strategies employed in sponsored content by influencers encompass the timing of posts, the number of product images, tie-in strategies, the creation of valuable and engaging content, and the use of implicit advertising language. The way SMTIs disclose sponsorships is perceived negatively by followers. This study highlights the tension between authenticity and commercial interest, offering insights for both academics and practitioners in digital marketing and tourism promotion.

Abstract Social media platforms are now crucial marketing tools for companies looking to engage with customers in the digital age. Instagram has become the most popular of these platforms, especially among younger users. With the advent of Instagram Reels, marketers now use brief yet captivating videos to interact with their audience. This study looks into how young customers' brand recognition is affected by Instagram Reels and brief videos. The purpose of the study is to determine how young social media users' recognition, memory, and perception of brands are affected by brief video material. The study made use of both primary and secondary data. A systematic questionnaire was used to gather primary data from young respondents who often use Instagram. Secondary data about digital marketing and consumer behaviour was gathered from books, scholarly journals, and internet sources. The results show that Instagram Reels are crucial for raising young people's brand awareness. Consumers can learn about new brands, retain brand messaging, and form favourable opinions of items with the aid of brief video material. In order to increase the efficacy of short video marketing, the study also emphasises the significance of innovation, entertainment, and influencer marketing. The study comes to the conclusion that Instagram Reels are now a useful marketing tool for companies looking to raise brand awareness and engagement among young customers. Keywords: Influencer marketing, social media marketing, brand awareness, youth consumers, Instagram reels, short videos, and consumer engagement

BackgroundSocial media provides a novel data source for understanding palliative care from the perspectives of patients and their family caregivers. Nonetheless, no study has examined palliative care-related information on Japanese social media. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of palliative care information on Japanese social media.MethodsPosts published on X (formerly Twitter) during the first week of each month from January to June 2024 that included 1 or more of the following terms were manually collected: "palliative care," "end-of-life care," or "palliative medicine." Posts were analyzed inductively. A Japanese sentiment analysis model was applied to assign a sentiment score (0-1) to each post, with higher scores indicating more positive sentiment. The top 50 posts with the highest sentiment scores and the bottom 50 posts were further analyzed using the same qualitative approach.ResultsIn total, 4689 posts were collected; of these, 3806 (81.2%) were related to palliative care. Thirteen categories were identified. The most frequent category was "general explanations about palliative care" (n = 1,280, 27.3%), followed by "sharing information about palliative care services" (n = 757, 16.1%). Posts with the lowest sentiment scores included "opinions or demands toward end-of-life care systems," "opinions or demands towards medical practice and dissemination of palliative care," and "reporting experiences of patients and informal caregivers."ConclusionJapanese social media platforms may provide valuable insights into family caregivers' experiences, potentially representing a resource for assessing the palliative care quality. Future studies should evaluate the validity of palliative care-related information on social media.

This study examines the strategic role of sarong Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in promoting local economic growth in Gresik City, East Java. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving MSME owners, workers, and local consumers. The findings reveal that most sarong MSMEs are family-based businesses that create significant local employment and income opportunities. Through innovation and digital marketing especially via social media platforms these enterprises expand their market reach while preserving traditional weaving motifs unique to Gresik’s cultural identity. Sarong MSMEs not only strengthen the local economy by utilizing local raw materials and labor but also empower women and sustain cultural heritage. However, key challenges persist, including limited access to capital, inadequate managerial and digital skills, and competition from industrial and imported products. Strengthening government support, enhancing digital literacy, and expanding financing access are essential for ensuring their sustainable growth. Overall, sarong MSMEs serve as both economic and socio-cultural agents that significantly contribute to inclusive local development in Gresik City.

Paedophilic disorder remains a profoundly stigmatised mental health condition, posing significant challenges to effective treatment, both internationally and in South Africa. Ethical and pragmatic considerations necessitate providing stigma-free support and treatment for individuals with this disorder. Despite the critical need, there is a notable scarcity of local and international research on effective management and treatment strategies for those diagnosed with paedophilic disorder. The study explored South African psychologists’ experience of psychotherapeutic approaches and models to counsel and treat individuals diagnosed with paedophilic disorder. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six Health Professions Council of South Africa-registered psychologists who responded to a targeted recruitment advert on social media platforms. Thematic analysis was systematically applied to the interview data, revealing participants’ use and experiences of psychotherapeutic approaches and models, further distinguished by their clinical experiences, perceptions of training adequacy, and reliance on the international Risk-Need-Responsivity Model and Good Lives approach, in the absence of local guidance. Findings highlight the urgent need for specialised professional training, locally relevant treatment protocols, and public education to reduce stigma and enhance access to care. The study contributes a foundational understanding of the therapeutic landscape of paedophilic disorder in South Africa and offers directions for future research and training.

In an era in which digital connectivity transcends geographical borders, multimedia platforms can affect neurosurgical education on a global scale. Multimedia educational programs are reaching neurosurgeons worldwide, exposing them to complex cases and novel techniques that they might not otherwise see. After collecting analytical data on engagement with Barrow Neurological Institute's Barrow Live Surgery, Neurosurgery Base Camp, and Seven Series, as well as its educational posts published on the social media platforms YouTube, Instagram, and X, a survey was developed to measure the effect of each program on viewer confidence and knowledge. Data from academic institutions with active neurosurgical multimedia channels (>30 000 impressions) were used as a comparator. Statistical tests were conducted using R (version 4.3.2) with significance defined as P < .05. Between October 23, 2020, and July 18, 2024, Barrow Neurological Institute's educational material had 1 906 197 views and 21 754 hours of total watch time, reaching more than 30 low- and middle-income countries. Barrow Neurological Institute had the most impressions and the highest impression-to-subscriber ratio among comparable institutions. Viewers preferred engaging with videos in a continuous series rather than with segmented episodes. Forty-nine percent of survey respondents resided outside the United States, and 26% were from low- and middle-income countries. Based on a 10-point Likert scale, median confidence in treating complex cases increased from 1 to 4 (P < .001) and confidence in recognizing disease pathophysiology increased from 2.5 to 5.5 (P < .001). Our results suggest that free online media can democratize access to advanced neurosurgical education, especially in areas with limited access to specialized training.

This article examines how content moderation, often framed as precarious and invisible labor, has become a relatively stable occupation for many workers in China. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and 21 semi-structured interviews, we conceptualize this condition as the manufacturing of (un)stabilit y, a “ possible but improbable ” stability that is institutionally produced yet conditional and reversible amid technological, organizational, and political volatility. Our findings show that stability is not a linear shift from precarity to formality, but a governed outcome shaped by workers’ adaptive strategies, rapid role formalization and stratification, and the integration of human judgment with automated systems. Embedded in digital governance mandates aligning platform rationalities with political priorities, moderation stabilizes employment for some while deepening labor’s infrastructural role in managing information risk. This study offers a non-Western account that complicates binaries of precarity and formality and reframes stability as a politically and organizationally manufactured condition.

ABSTRACT Living heritage remains a crucial part of South Africa’s identity and collective memory. Living heritage in the context of the current study refers to oral traditions, indigenous knowledge systems, cultural expressions, and community practices. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of public programming initiatives in promoting living heritage archives through social media in South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative research approach informed by an interpretivism worldview. Semi-structured interviews, observation and document analysis were used to collect data at the National Heritage Council in South Africa. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically guided by research objectives. The study revealed that the public programming initiatives employed by the NHC have not effectively promoted living heritage archives on social media platforms. The study recommends a framework for the promotion of living heritage archives through social media. This will help provide a foundation and insight into how heritage institutions may implement their public programming initiatives toward effective awareness and usage of the living heritage archives.

Facial palsy affects 45-60% of acute stroke patients, significantly impacting their physical function, communication, and quality of life. Varied outcome measures across studies and clinical practices make it difficult to synthesise evidence and establish treatment effectiveness. This protocol describes in detail the professional stakeholder component of a multistage Core Outcome Set (COS) development programme for post-stroke facial palsy. This component focuses on identifying critically important outcomes (the "what" to measure) between two key stakeholder groups: clinicians and researchers. This study follows the Core Outcome Set standards for development (COS-STAD) and protocol (COS-STAP) recommendations. The development process consists of five sequential steps: (1) outcome generation through systematic reviews, consultation with our co-researchers who have lived experience, and the findings from qualitative interviews with stroke participants; (2) recruitment of up to 200 international clinicians and researchers (minimum 30 per group) through clinical networks (including professional associations), social media platforms (X, LinkedIn, Bluesky), and via published research identifying stroke and facial palsy researchers; (3) multiple rounds of Delphi surveys; (4) online consensus meeting (at least five per stakeholder group); and (5) results dissemination. This paper reports the detailed protocol for the professional stakeholder component, which will establish consensus among clinicians and researchers on what outcomes are critically important to measure. This protocol addresses a significant gap in stroke rehabilitation research as part of a comprehensive, multi-stage programme to develop a COS for post-stroke facial palsy. Standardising outcome measurement will facilitate more effective synthesis of research findings, reduce research waste, and accelerate intervention development. It describes how people with lived experience have been included from the start and signposts to a parallel study using the supported nominal group technique (detailed protocol reported separately). A parallel systematic review will evaluate available measurement instruments, their psychometric properties to explore "how" to measure the agreed outcome domains. The results of each stage will be disseminated through multiple channels to facilitate widespread research and clinical practice adoption. Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) registered, December 2024 (https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/3295); systematic review registered (PROSPERO), June 2023, CRD42023410768.

As cybercrime advances and becomes more sophisticated, training law enforcement to investigate cybercrime is crucial. This survey-based study examines Colorado police departments’ cybercrime preparedness and the challenges of investigating cybercrime. This paper reports the findings from 18 police departments in Colorado (n = 51). The most common cybercrime incidents officers handle are identity theft, child sexual exploitation and abuse materials, and online scams. Most officers received training on general awareness of cybercrime and cybersecurity. Vendors provided training for specific tools, and police agencies organized internal training. Officers expressed a desire for more training in forensic software, the dark web, and resources for fraud and identity theft victims. The results indicate that although police have received some basic cybercrime training, organizational capacity and emerging trends and technologies, such as AI and new social media platforms, pose challenges for law enforcement in staying current and effective in investigations. Recommendations, implications, and limitations are discussed.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the current trends of the information and political agenda in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study provides a comparative analysis of events in Kazakhstan in the Kazakh state-funded media, as well as in the English and American media. The network of coincidences and tone analysis of selected 200 newspaper articles, 400 items from 3 social media platforms, and 150 video materials of Kazakh media published in 2022–2024 were used. Using qualitative content analysis, the study managed to identify the themes in the Kazakh media that emerge as the principal problems in the country: the land issue, the language issue, the interethnic issue, and the socio-economic issue. The study determined the tone of voice of articles in Kazakh media and foreign media. Therewith, the speech of the President of Kazakhstan and events in the country were covered in Kazakh print media critically, while on social media channels, the nature of the tone was neutral. As a result of the analysis, a significant amount of fake news was observed. These results show how propaganda campaigns can play a vital role in both limiting and promoting concrete news in Kazakh society.

The rapid expansion of the culinary tourism industry has generated intense competition and increasing product homogeneity, compelling food and beverage (F&amp;B) businesses to formulate effective menu differentiation strategies in order to create distinctive value propositions. This study aims to describe the forms of menu differentiation strategies and analyze their role in enhancing tourist attraction in Bandung and Malang. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, this research explores the essence of tourists’ lived experiences through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and triangulation using digital perception analysis derived from Google Reviews and social media platforms. The findings indicate that effective menu differentiation integrates three interrelated dimensions: physical aspects (uniqueness of taste and ingredients), interactional aspects (service quality and hospitality), and emotional aspects (historical and cultural narratives embedded in the menu). Google Reviews function as an objective performance mirror that validates service consistency, while social media operates as a platform for social identity construction and visual storytelling, particularly among Generation Z consumers. The study concludes that the success of differentiation strategies depends significantly on the ability of businesses to transform menu uniqueness into shareable digital content, thereby creating memorable gastronomic experiences and strengthening tourist loyalty.

The digital transformation of Nigeria's economy over the past decade has been accompanied by a parallel escalation in cybercriminal activity, presenting complex challenges for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and citizens alike. This study examines the evolution of cybercrime trends in Nigeria between 2018 and 2025, with attention to the shifting modus operandi of cybercriminals, the socioeconomic and technological drivers facilitating these offences, and the adequacy of institutional and legislative responses. The period witnessed a marked transition from crude advance-fee fraud schemes toward sophisticated tactics including business email compromise, ransomware attacks on corporate and governmental networks, and the weaponization of social media platforms for sextortion and cyberbullying. Financial sector losses attributed to cyber-enabled fraud exceeded ₦56 billion between 2021 and 2024, though underreporting suggests the actual figure may be substantially higher. The study identifies key drivers including the expanding attack surface created by rapid mobile money adoption, persistent infrastructural deficits in digital forensic capabilities, and the emergence of transnational organized criminal networks operating within and beyond Nigeria's borders. Policy responses examined include the Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act 2024, the establishment of the Nigeria Data Protection Commission, and institutional coordination mechanisms such as the Joint Case Team on Cybercrimes. The findings suggest that while legislative frameworks have strengthened considerably, implementation deficits, capacity constraints, and limited international cooperation continue to impede effective cybercrime control. The study recommends enhanced investment in digital forensic infrastructure, mandatory cybersecurity curricula at tertiary institutions, and the development of a comprehensive national cybersecurity strategy aligned with evolving threat landscapes

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent health issue, particularly among women, and are commonly treated with antibiotics. However, increasing antimicrobial resistance has led to growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as a non-antibiotic approach to UTI prevention and management. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, practices, and perceptions of Jordanian adults regarding the use of CAM therapies, including herbal remedies and natural products, for the prevention and treatment of UTIs. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey distributed via social media platforms. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, awareness of UTI risk factors, sources of CAM information, and perceptions toward CAM use. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. A total of 429 participants completed the survey. Nearly half had a medical-related background, and 46.9% reported a personal or familial history of UTIs. While 54.3% preferred antibiotics for treatment, 42.7% used herbal remedies such as parsley and green tea. Awareness of key risk factors like low water intake (87.9%) and urine retention (90.2%) was high, but knowledge gaps persisted regarding hormonal and behavioral risk factors. Participants with medical education had significantly higher awareness scores (p &lt; 0.001). Most participants perceived CAM as a culturally accepted practice. CAM therapies are widely used and culturally accepted in Jordan for UTI management. However, public education and professional guidance are essential to ensure their safe use.

BackgroundAnnual lung cancer screening (LCS) can decrease lung cancer–related mortality by finding cancer at earlier, more treatable stages, yet uptake remains abysmally low in the United States, especially among adults who seldom interact with the health system. Many eligible individuals are unaware that LCS exists, underscoring the critical need for scalable, population-level communication strategies that increase awareness and engagement.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate reach, as defined by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework, as the extent to which the target population comes in contact with a social media–based strategy, Facebook-targeted advertisement (FBTA), designed to connect LCS-eligible individuals in the United States with a digital health communication message. The advertisement served as a digital outreach strategy for promoting engagement with LungTalk, an evidence-based intervention aimed at increasing awareness and informed decision-making about LCS.MethodsAs part of the INSPIRE-Lung Study (INnovating Social Media for Prevention: LUNG Cancer Screening Awareness, Knowledge, and Uptake), 5 FBTA campaigns were launched over a 79-day period throughout the United States. Advertisements targeted adults aged 50‐80 years with interests related to smoking or smoking cessation and linked to a study website where participants could complete an eligibility screener and learn more about the trial. Facebook analytics were used to assess reach, defined by the number, proportion, and demographic characteristics of individuals exposed to and interacting with FBTA content. Key metrics included total reach, impressions, link clicks, and cost-efficiency.ResultsThe FBTA campaigns reached 1,048,191 unique users and generated 3,109,482 impressions (total advertisement displays, including repeat exposures to the same user). A total of 24,816 individuals clicked on the advertisements (2.37% click-through rate), and 7117 completed the eligibility screener. Of those eligible, 1272 (17.9%) met lung screening criteria, and of these, 483 (38% participation rate) enrolled in the trial. The cost per click was US $0.40, and the cost per enrolled participant was US $19.46. Individuals reached via FBTA were demographically diverse and included many who may be disconnected from traditional health care systems.ConclusionsFBTA is a scalable, cost-effective strategy to achieve population-level reach of LCS-eligible adults. By conceptualizing reach as exposure to an upstream digital message rather than enrollment alone, this study illustrates how social media can broaden population access to evidence-based cancer prevention tools such as LungTalk. Future research should explore embedding intervention content directly into social media platforms and tracking downstream clinical outcomes.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in supporting the Indonesian economy, especially in rural areas where they contribute significantly to employment and local income. Sait Buttu Saribu Village in Simalungun Regency possesses considerable potential in the agricultural, tourism, and culinary sectors, which can be developed through strong MSME activities. Nevertheless, many local MSMEs continue to experience challenges related to limited promotion, weak branding, and restricted market access. This study aims to analyze visit-based and promotional strategies for MSMEs as an effort to strengthen the village economy and enhance business competitiveness. The research methods consist of a literature review of relevant previous studies and field observations conducted through community service activities in the village. The findings indicate that industrial visits, digital promotion via social media platforms, the utilization of Google Maps for location visibility, and branding that highlights local wisdom are effective strategies for expanding market reach and increasing MSME competitiveness. Through strong synergy among the village government, MSME actors, and the local community, MSMEs in Sait Buttu Saribu Village can grow more optimally and contribute to sustainable economic development and tourism.

The rapid rise of social media has reshaped communication patterns within modern families, significantly influencing how parents and children interact in their daily lives. While social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp provide convenience, entertainment, and a sense of connectedness, they have also contributed to a growing communication crisis within households. Many children increasingly engage with their digital devices, while parents similarly divide their attention between family responsibilities and online activities. This shift reduces face-to-face interactions, weakens emotional bonds, and widens generational communication gaps. This study analyzes the communication crisis caused by excessive social media dominance, exploring its impact on emotional closeness, family dynamics, and conflict emergence. It further examines the social and psychological factors that shape communication breakdowns between parents and children. The findings highlight that miscommunication often stems from digital distractions, differences in technological literacy, and shifting communication styles influenced by online culture. The study offers insights into how families can restore communication harmony through healthy digital habits, open dialogue, parental role modeling, and quality offline interaction. Strengthening emotional bonds is essential to prevent long-term relational damage and to ensure that technological advancement does not erode the foundation of parent–child relationships.

Background: Home health care plays a vital role in post-acute recovery and chronic disease management in the United States, yet clinician retention remains a critical challenge. Nurses and rehabilitation clinicians, including physical therapists (PT), occupational therapists (OT), and speech-language pathologists (SLP) form the foundation of interdisciplinary home health teams. Despite their interdependence, little is known about discipline-specific satisfaction trends within home-based practice. Purpose: This study examined and compared job satisfaction among nursing and rehabilitation clinicians working in home health across 5 domains: scheduling, travel, work environment, documentation, and overall job satisfaction. Methods: An online survey was distributed through national professional organizations and social media platforms between March 11 and April 15, 2025. A total of 372 responses were analyzed, including 71 from nursing and 301 from rehabilitation clinicians. Descriptive statistics from Likert-scale ratings along with Mann-Whitney U test were used to identify discipline-specific differences. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the work environment category ( P = .007), with rehabilitation clinicians reporting higher satisfaction compared to nursing with this aspect of home health. Scheduling ( P = .299), travel ( P = .666), documentation ( P = .850), and overall job satisfaction ( P = .524) did not significantly differ between groups. Documentation was the lowest-rated domain for both disciplines, with only one-third of clinicians expressing satisfaction. Conclusion: The work environment appears to be a key differentiator of satisfaction between nursing and rehabilitation clinicians in home health, with nurses reporting significantly lower satisfaction in this domain. Widespread dissatisfaction with documentation highlights a critical need for system-level reforms. Tailoring workforce support strategies to discipline-specific needs, particularly addressing environmental stressors for nurses and documentation burden for all clinicians, may enhance retention, team cohesion, and quality of care.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has fundamentally changed the marketing practices of MSMEs in Indonesia. TikTok, as a short-video-based social media platform, is increasingly recognized as a strategic medium for expanding market reach and stimulating consumer purchase intention. This study was designed to systematically investigate the implementation of TikTok-based digital marketing strategies in supporting the growth and sustainability of MSMEs. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews with five MSME managers as key informants, content observation, documentation, and online surveys of consumers exposed to promotional content. The findings revealed that TikTok features such as live streaming, hashtag challenges, and collaboration with creators effectively increase consumer engagement, build brand awareness, and stimulate purchase intention. However, MSMEs face challenges such as limited human resources and algorithm understanding. This study concludes that TikTok has great potential as a digital marketing medium for MSMEs, provided that creative, consistent, and consumer-oriented content strategies are optimally implemented.

This article investigates the profound impact of WhatsApp, a widely used social media platform, particularly among students. Commencing with a definition of social media as computer-mediated tools facilitating information sharing and expression in online communities. This real-time messaging app permits users to exchange unlimited messages, form groups, share multimedia, and connect globally. The literature review section synthesizes various studies examining WhatsApp's impact on academic settings, youth behaviour, and daily lives. While some studies underscore positive effects such as enhanced student attitudes and academic knowledge, others caution against potential drawbacks like procrastination and study disruptions. Objectives of the study pivot around investigating user socio-economic backgrounds, identifying factors influencing WhatsApp usage, and studying its effects on students. The research methodology employs a questionnaire-based survey among IX and X-grade students, revealing that most respondents (16-18 age group) prefer WhatsApp over other social media apps, primarily accessing it via mobile phones. Findings indicate that WhatsApp significantly contributes to connecting with friends and family, with 80% acknowledging its positive impact on academic knowledge. In conclusion, the article highlights WhatsApp's integration into users' lives, presenting a nuanced exploration of its multifaceted influence, from positive academic contributions to potential drawbacks in daily life and social responsibilities. The abstract encapsulates this comprehensive analysis, offering valuable insights for scholars and general readers alike.