Socialist Research Articles

Representation of neurodiversity in video games: analyzing autism through the character of Symmetra in Overwatch 2

ABSTRACT This study explores the representation of neurodiversity, particularly autism, through the character of Symmetra in the popular video game Overwatch 2. By employing the Digital Game Analysis Protocol (DiGAP) and drawing on a range of scholarly sources, this research investigates how Symmetra embodies a set of traits commonly associated with autism, challenging conventional stereotypes. Overwatch 2 actively disrupts the pathological narratives often linked to autism by emphasizing the unique strengths and capabilities of neuroatypical individuals. The analysis extends to examining some players reactions and official statements, demonstrating the potential of video games to promote greater social inclusion and transform public perceptions of neurodiversity. This study underscores the significant role that video games can play as educational tools, contributing to a more inclusive and nuanced cultural understanding of cognitive diversity, thereby enriching the broader discourse on media, representation, and social ideology.

영화 <82년생 김지영>을 통해 본 한·중 젠더 담론 연구

This study compares and analyzes gender discourses in South Korea and China through the film “Kim Ji-young, Born 1982”. Since its release in 2019, the film has caused a significant social impact in South Korea, depicting gender inequality experienced by women and sparking both empathy and debate. This study analyzes how the film has been interpreted in both countries, the commonalities and differences in gender discourse, and the significance of these differences within their respective social contexts. The results of the study show that in South Korea, key discourses include career interruptions, gender discrimination, and conflicts over gender roles within the family structure, with the film playing a role in publicizing these social issues and promoting change. In contrast, in China, gender issues are approached differently due to the influence of socialist ideology and traditional Confucian culture. This study explores the differences in gender discourse between South Korea and China in relation to their social and cultural backgrounds, offering a view of the complexity of East Asian gender discourses.

The evolution of the Visegrad Group's positions in the field of multilateral relations with modern Russia

Relevance. The problem of the crisis in the relations of the Russian Federation with the states of Central Europe remains one of the factors of destabilization of modern international relations. The Visegrad Four Community of states demonstrates by its example the inconsistency and inconsistency in shaping the strategy of relations with modern Russia. Designing a model of communication between the Russian side and the Visegrad Group countries requires a full-fledged understanding. The current change in the positions of the Governments of Hungary and Slovakia regarding the possibility of restoring cooperation with Russia leads to an expansion of the field of scientific research on this topic. The purpose of the study is to analyze the evolution of the position of the Visegrad Group states regarding maintaining relations with the Russian Federation.Research objectives: analysis of the evolution of the position of the Visegrad Group states regarding the maintenance of relations with the Russian Federation.Methodology. The work uses comparative, structural and functional methods, as well as the method of content analysis.The results of the study. The content of the current crisis in the relations of the Visegrad Four member states in Russia is the general context of the development of the political process on the European continent. The main transformations of multilateral relations are dictated by the clash of interests of political elites and contradictions between the dominant social ideologies in the post-socialist states of Central Europe.Conclusions. As a result of the study, the conclusion is formulated that the factor of relations with the Russian Federation in a situation of a full-scale international crisis acquires the importance of the dominant condition for preserving the internal unity of the Visegrad Group as a specific subject of regional policy. The divergence of positions towards Russia's perception among the member states complicates the possibility of restoring the influence and importance of the association as an actor of integration processes in Central Europe. The desire to turn the Visegrad Four into a component of the anti-Russian strategy of the Atlantic powers results in the erosion of this regional association and its delegitimization as a full participant in international relations.

A Brief Analysis of Modern Urdu Nazm and Linguistic Structures

The revolution of Urdu Nazm refers to the significant transformations and developments that took place in this form of poetry over the years. It was heavily influenced by Persian poetry, with many poets adopting Persian forms, themes, and literary devices.Poets like Mirza Ghalib and Momin Khan Momin experimented with new forms, such as the ghazal and the nazm. Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Josh Malihabadi, and Majaz were influenced by Marxist and socialist ideologies, which reflected in their poetry.Then Urdu Nazm began to focus on social justice, equality, and freedom, with poets using their work as a form of resistance against colonialism and oppression. Ahmed Faraz, Parveen Shakir, and Iftikhar Arif experimented with new forms, language, and themes, pushing the boundaries of traditional Urdu Nazm.thats why Urdu Nazm began to explore themes of individualism, personal freedom, and existentialism. In Contemporary Trends Urdu Nazm became more diverse, with poets exploring a wide range of themes, styles, and forms.its also Increased Focus on Identity, Culture, and Politics. Contemporary Urdu Nazm often engages with issues of identity, culture, and politics, reflecting the complexities of modern life. The revolution of Urdu Nazm has been shaped by various social, cultural, and literary factors, transforming it into a rich and dynamic form of poetry that continues to evolve and thrive. Key Words: Urdu Nazm, Persian Poetry, Mirza Ghalib, Momin Khan Momin, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Josh Malihabadi, Culture and Politics, Social justice, Equality and freedom, Contemporary Trends Individualism, Personal freedom, Existentialism, Literary Factors, Dynamic form of poetry.

‘Alice Diamond, giant—queen of the terrors’: female gangsterism, violence and criminal mythmaking in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century London ‘underworld’

ABSTRACT Alice Diamond—leader of the interwar Forty Thieves gang—was portrayed by the contemporary press as an inhabitant of the London ‘underworld’. The ‘underworld’ is denoted within scholarship as a narrative tool used to place ‘othered’ individuals who did not fit the stringent perceptions of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century social ideology. Despite this, the ‘underworld’ was often presented as a real locale within South London, gaining widespread attention and condemnation. By framing Diamond as an ‘Underworld Amazon’, ‘Giant’, and ‘Queen of the Terrors’, the press was able to link female gangsterism and the female body to deemed ‘masculine’ criminality, allowing for commentary over criminal behaviour—namely atavism, violence and ‘the born criminal’. This article shows that the mythmaking surrounding Diamond, the Forty Thieves gang and the ‘underworld’ was used to project female gangsterism as a form of ‘internal terror’ to fuel fears over gender, post-war brutalisation and the changing interwar landscape.

Ordinary Men or Ideological Executioners?: Finnish SS Volunteers and the Atrocities on the Eastern Front

Abstract In 1941, approximately twelve hundred Finns volunteered for the Waffen-SS. They were placed in the multinational Wiking division. Some Finnish volunteers participated in mass executions and other atrocities. This article examines in depth the motivations and ideological influences behind the atrocities that Finnish SS volunteers perpetrated during the Holocaust. To this end, it examines and applies to this case study Christopher Browning’s “Ordinary Men” theory, which posits that perpetrators were often ordinary men motivated by peer pressure and obedience, and Daniel Goldhagen’s “Willing Executioners” theory, which maintains that antisemitism was the primary driving factor in the Holocaust. Ultimately, the evidence shows that Finnish SS men involved in atrocities were among the most ideologically committed to National Socialism and antisemitism. They came from a core group of recruits that were selected and given preferential treatment during the first week of recruitment, and for them, antisemitism and National Socialist ideology were significant motivating factors. While some volunteers refused to participate in atrocities, the majority of those who committed crimes were part of the ideologically committed core group. The study integrates multiple theoretical perspectives to emphasize the role of antisemitism and ideology in driving war crimes.

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Middle Delta of Egypt: A Systematic Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with the Rising Burden of the Disease.

The popularity of behavioural and metabolic risk factors associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) has increased because of social progress, rapid economic development, population aging, and changes in social ideology. We aimed to perform a systematic analysis of risk factors associated with the rising rate of ACVDs in Egypt. This study was carried out on 1,700 participants. The patients were classified into two groups: group 1 included patients with ACVDs, and group 2 (control group) included healthy individuals. All data recorded included patients' anthropometric measurements, and laboratory and clinical examinations were collected. The rising burden of ACVDs in Egypt was caused by a variety of risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and a lack of physical activity. The dominant risk factors recognized through multivariate regression analysis were the existence of metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.463; 95% CI, 1.056-2.026; P = 0.022), increased psychosocial stress among the patients (OR = 1.404; 95% CI, 1.008-1.953; P = 0.044), excessive consumption of high-fat, processed, and fast food (OR = 1.964; 95% CI, 1.489-2.590; P = 0.001), and decreased the income (OR = 1.865; 95% CI, 1.454-2.391; P = 0.001). Patients who suffer from uncontrolled diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome are the most liable to have ACVDs. Psychosocial stress and the excessive intake of processed, high-fat, and fast food are augmenting leading risk features, especially in low-income populations.

China’s Historical Relations with West Africa, 1960-65: An Analysis of Ideology, Economic Aid, and Foreign Policy Practices

This paper examines China's foreign relations with West Africa during the period from 1960 to 1965, focusing on the ideological, economic, and diplomatic strategies employed by China to strengthen its influence in the region. During a time of global Cold War tensions and the Sino-Soviet split, China sought to form alliances with newly independent African nations such as Ghana, Mali, and Guinea. By promoting anti-imperialist and socialist ideologies, China positioned itself as a supporter of national liberation movements in Africa. The paper analyzes the role of economic aid as a tool for political leverage, examining specific aid projects that fostered economic development in these countries while aligning them ideologically with China. The study also explores the diplomatic interactions between Chinese and African leaders, emphasizing how these relationships were instrumental in gaining support for China on the international stage, particularly in the United Nations. The research provides insights into the broader implications of China's early foreign policy strategies in the Third World and its long-lasting impact on Sino-African relations.

OCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF MARXISM IN MODERN CHINA

The article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual basis of Chinese Marxist philosophy and the disclosure of the meaning of the main principles of the Marxist worldview. The analysis of works related to the foundations of anthropology and the sociological and cultural aspects of Chinese Marxism are studied. The meaning of the concept of green development of Marxism is revealed. The evolution of Marxist thought in China is considered, a comparative analysis of the results of Ukrainian and Western scientific thought, modern Chinese Marxists in relation to Marxism and Chinese Marxism as the main strategy of social ideology is carried out. The national specificity of Chinese Marxism in the modernization and development of the state under the latest technologies and globalization processes is considered.

Modern Approaches to Reading “Majolis Un-Nafais” By Alisher Navai

Alisher Navai is considered as a founder of modern Uzbek language and Literature. His miraculous creation have been at the center of secular research conducted by orientalists. Studding his research began in the East since his lifetime while the first research on Navai works started in XVI century in the West. If we look through the history of studding Navai works, in some orientalists research, we can face with subjective views influenced by political and social ideology. For example, 1950s-1980s of the 20th century some foreign scholars tried to prove that Navai was a "tendential creator" by socializing his literary and scientific heritage, especially his ghazals. However, political and social changes taking place in the World Wide new directions in the relations of the new era have created objective principles of approach to the study of Alisher Navai writings. In this article analyzes the experience of new approach to "Majolis un-nafois" by Alisher Navai on the example of an Iranian scholar's research. Her analytical classifications and hypothesis on socio-political, cultural position of the poets in Temurid’s period reflected in tezkire are critically reviewed.

Reforms in Dars-e-Nizami Curricula: Western and Indigenous Influence During the 20th Century

In the 20th century, educationists and researchers witnessed significant reforms in the Dars-e-Nizami curricula across South Asia, influenced by Western ideas and indigenous reform movements within religious communities. This article examines the evolution of Dars-e-Nizami education, focusing on the contrasting responses of Hindu and Muslim reformers to Western education and its impact on religious and social ideologies. This study utilises a qualitative research methodology, specifically employing discourse analysis, drawing on a comprehensive review of historical documents, academic journals, books, and other scholarly works. Key movements, such as the Deobandi and Aligarh movements, were analysed to understand their roles in modern Islamic education amidst global transformations Moreover, this article also examines how these reform movements shaped the evolution of Dars-e-Nizami curricula, highlighting the tensions between traditionalism and modernity, Indigenous and Western influences, and their implications for religious identity and education in South Asia. Future researchers should explore the socio-economic impact of the shift in madrasa education towards religious instruction and investigate the structural challenges in implementing effective reforms, focusing on creating a cohesive framework that aligns with broader educational goals.

Spatial-structural inequalities in education: conceptualizations via the international classification of functioning

ABSTRACT Given the role of education in shaping social ideology, there is value in considering how learning spaces affect students' perceptions of inclusivity and social justice. This paper posits that ability as a central focus in education can intersect with marginalization arising from race, gender, class, and indigeneity, towards potential justification of discriminatory ideologies. The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) is applied as a theoretical framework to conceptualize digital or online learning spaces, with the objective of disentangling how ability confounds inclusive pedagogy. Digital learning spaces may grant marginalized students greater autonomy regarding when and how their unique personal condition is disclosed, so that authentic relationship-building can be fostered without a power hierarchy between peers. Additionally, the ICF illustrates how structural-spatial origins of ability limitations lead to solutions which can present universal benefits to individuals regardless of health condition, serving to eliminate a segregated binary based on a traditional label of deficit/disability. Virtual or remote engagement also helps eliminate transportation barriers associated with accessing the learning space, which may influence unfounded assumptions on effort and legitimacy. In combination, the ICF demonstrates how restructuring of learning spaces emerges with the capacity to remove disabilities, towards enhancing participation in education and in society.

Rural and remote health care: the case for spatial justice.

Almost universally, people living in rural and remote places die younger, poorer, and sicker than urban-dwelling citizens of the same country. Despite clear need, health services are commonly less available, and more costly and challenging to access, for rural and remote people. Rural geography is commonly cited as a reason for these disparities, that is, rural people are said to live in places too distant, too underpopulated, and too difficult to access. However, all these descriptions tacitly compare rural places with urban spaces. That is, rural places are perceived as too distant from cities, less populated than cities, and too difficult to access from cities. This relative framing situates urban geography as normal, and non-urban geography as abnormal and blames people who live outside of normalised urban spaces for their own disadvantage. It suggests rural people should expect less service, higher costs, and increased awkwardness in using healthcare services due to the 'abnormality' of living in rural spaces. The concept of spatial justice provides an alternative way of considering geography that we propose could effectively reframe understanding of and approaches to rural and remote health care to improve health outcomes. Spatial justice refers to the experience of justice relative to location and requires opportunities, including access to health care, to be distributed equally across geographic spaces as well as among people. To critical geographers, places are not static; humans both respond to geography and shape it based on decisions influenced by contemporary social ideologies. As a society we decide where we build housing, roads, and healthcare facilities, based on what and who we value. Rural health outcomes could therefore be conceived as resulting from social ideology regarding locational investment, social worth, and urbanormativity, rather than challenges of topography. In this critical narrative review, we apply geographical concepts to suggest how rural and remote geography may have been shaped by ideologies of capitalism and neoliberalism to result in spatial injustice. Our analysis suggests that, rather than rural geography being a neutral issue, society shaped geographies to limit health opportunities for people who live in rural and remote places. We suggest reframing to allow rural and remote geography to be conceived as a social factor able to be shaped, rather than as an insurmountable barrier to equity. We consider how application of French philosopher and geographer Lefebvre's tripartite model of conceived, perceived, and lived space could be used to examine and guide social policy to reshape rural and remote geography to increase health opportunities. This application of spatial justice to rural and remote health care suggests opportunities to reframe assumptions that rural and remote people should necessarily experience greater cost, inconvenience, and difficulty accessing health care due to geography. If social ideology shapes rural and remote geography to result in poor health then it could be reshaped accordingly for good health. Using critical geographical concepts may provide useful language and concepts to understand, advocate for, and change policy to increase spatial justice and, consequently, rural and remote health outcomes.

THE RUSSIAN INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF BAKU’S URBAN IDENTITY

In recent times, the identities of cities have been a topic of debate. The distinct features of the places we inhabit help define, differentiate, and shape their identities. In a globalizing world, unique traits that leave lasting impressions and contribute to collective memory play a vital role in defining cities. Elements like language, history, culture, architecture, religion, and gastronomy shape urban identity in specific proportions for each city. These characteristics also strengthen the bond between cities and their communities. Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, stands out with its unique identity. Shaped by its geographical location, natural resources, architecture, language, religion, and social structure, Baku’s identity has been passed down through generations. However, its identity has also transformed over time due to occupations and changes in administration. The most notable influence came from the Russians. In the early 19th century, the Russian Empire seized control of Baku and took swift steps to consolidate its power. Under Russian rule, Western European architectural and cultural influences appeared in the city, alongside significant social and economic changes. Baku’s transformation continued during the Soviet era. The USSR, as an ideological state, sought to create socialist spaces to unify society. During this time, Baku became a representation of socialist ideology, with its architecture, language, and culture reshaped under Soviet influence. Over successive periods, Baku’s urban identity increasingly reflected Russian influence, altering its language, architecture, religion, and culture. This study will first discuss the concepts of identity and urban identity, focusing on the dynamics shaping Baku’s character. It will then examine the Russian occupation to establish a historical framework. Lastly, it will explore the Russian influence on Baku’s urban identity, using specific examples.

Analisis Wacana Representasi Budaya dan Ideologi dalam Film Wadjda (2012) Pendekatan Semiotika Roland Barthes

This study aims to analyze the film Wadjda (2012) through discourse analysis using Roland Barthes' semiotic perspective. Wadjda, directed by Haifaa al-Mansour, is a Saudi Arabian film that tells the story of a young girl named Wadjda who strives to own a bicycle as a symbol of freedom and rebellion against prevailing social norms. Using Barthes' semiotic approach, this research examines the signs and symbols present in the film to uncover the meanings embedded in its visual and narrative elements. In the semiotic context, the analysis utilizes two levels of interpretation: the denotative level (literal meaning) and the connotative level (deeper or implied meaning). Key elements analyzed include the characters, objects (such as the bicycle), and the setting, all of which reflect the social and cultural structures of Saudi Arabia, particularly concerning gender roles, freedom, and women's position in society. Through the deconstruction of these signs, this study reveals how the film portrays contradictions within a patriarchal society and how these representations provoke critical reflection on existing norms. The findings show that Wadjda functions not only as an individual story about personal achievement but also as a critique of social injustices and gender restrictions in Saudi society. By employing Barthes' semiotic theory, the film uncovers how hidden meanings can be deconstructed to understand the relationship between cultural texts and the underlying social ideologies. This study contributes to the understanding of how film media can serve as an effective tool for social critique.

PANCASILA ON `AUDAT AL-FIRDAUS: AN INTERPRETATION OF INDONESIA'S INDEPENDENCE HISTORY THROUGH ARABIC LITERATURE

This research will discuss one of the Arabic literary works that explicitly addresses the documentation of the history of the Indonesian struggle for independence in 1945 — `Audat al-Firdaus, a drama work by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir. This work tells the story of the dynamics that occurred among the leaders of the Nation—Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Sutan Syahrir—in formulating the ideal ideology to legitimize the proclamation event at Ikada Field, which presents a narrative quite different from the historical documentation known to the Indonesian people. In fact, some of the attachments included in this writing are the author's interpretations in appreciating Indonesia's independence. One of the most striking aspects is that the lyrics of Indonesia's national anthem are written in Arabic language. By using two theoretical approaches: Post-Colonial Literature from Homi Bhabha and Hegemony from Antonio Gramsci, the researcher found an interesting discovery that Bakatsir deliberately created Audatul Firdaus to introduce the socialist ideology of Pancasila as a form of pan-Islamic revolution in the Middle East. This research also found that the connection between Arab writers and Indonesia is not merely as a conduit for Islamic Education that originated earlier in the Middle East, but they are also responsible for the dissemination of nationalist and political ideology in Indonesia for Arabic communities to break free from the shackles of Western imperialism.

Restitution of agricultural and forest land in the Republic of Serbia

This paper examines the solutions provided by the Serbian legislator for the restitution process, with a specific focus on agricultural and forest land. It traces the origins of this process to state interventionist measures such as agrarian reform and confiscation, which led to the creation of an agrarian fund used for land redistribution in line with socialist ideology. Although initial signs of the restitution process appeared in the early 1990s, no significant progress was achieved until the early 2000s. Rather than adopting a single, uniform law on restitution, the Serbian legislator chose to regulate the process through three separate laws: one addressing confessional restitution, another one dealing with general restitution, and a third one governing the return of property confiscated from Holocaust victims to Jewish communities. This paper outlines the key substantive and procedural provisions of these restitution laws and addresses certain contentious issues that have arisen during their practical implementation. The analysis is supported by the case law of the Restitution Agency and domestic courts. The conclusion emphasises that, despite its duration, the restitution process has yielded considerable results, particularly with respect to the restitution of agricultural land, where restitution in kind has been achieved in the vast number of cases.

Restitution of Nationalised or Collectivised Agricultural Lands and Forests – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lost in Transition

In the former Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereafter: SRBH) agricultural and forest land, as important natural resources of any economy, were the subject of double restrictions. One was a result of the social attachment of property, and is immanent not only to socialistic regimes. The other restriction was the result of socialist ideology, which meant that these important economic resources could only to a limited extent be privately owned — and that everything beyond prescribed limits was nationalised. There was also a vast range of other reasons for the nationalisation of these goods. The transformation process entailed the removal of restrictions on the extent of ownership of these properties, and this was done within the framework of the constitutional reforms in the former Yugoslavia (1989/90). Still in the SRBH, after these constitutional reforms it was clear that denationalisation and restitution should follow. In 1991 it was forbidden by law to dispose of nationalised property. The measures of denationalisation and restitution of nationalised property are the focus of this article. First, a short analysis is given of the history of nationalisation and confiscation of property in the former Yugoslavia after the World War II. Since the end of the 20th Century (1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) has been an independent state which has performed crucial reforms within the process of transformation. But the denationalisation measures regarding agricultural and forest land are still pending. One of the reasons for that is the fact that BH is composed of three separate legal orders: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska and Brčko District of BH. All three legal orders have been thoroughly analysed, since the legislative competencies for regulating denationalisation are merely given to these constituent parts of BH. Due to the political tensions and problems, it is unlikely that a framework law will be passed. The unclear ownership of agricultural and forest land (no criterion for the division of state ownership has yet been established) led to the OHR imposing a ban on the disposal of these assets in 2022. The consequence of the long absence of restitution and the coexistence of two restraining orders, which have different reasons and follow different goals, is a lack of legal certainty. The article concludes that in Bosnia and Herzegovina the final implementation of the transformation process in general, and restitution as a part of it, still faces many obstacles — lack of legal basis, facts established during the war, processes that are not centralised and coordinated due to the state structure, adoption of legal solutions that may jeopardise restitution in general, and restitution of agricultural land and forests as well. In brief: Bosnia and Herzegovina is still lost in transition.

“The United States is the Main Country of Modern Capitalism”

During the Cold War, Marxist-Leninist ideology and Soviet propaganda predicted that the economy of the socialist countries was going to outgrow and overtake Western, “capitalist” countries. Today it is clear that this prognosis was never realistic. While the real figures about the condition of the socialist economies were never revealed, not even after the fall of communism (as they probably never even existed), the differences between the state of the economy in the two blocks had been obvious for most contemporary people who had seen conditions on both sides of the Iron Curtain. This included agents and officers of the Hungarian State Security who were involved in gathering intelligence in the West. This study examines the way the American economy was presented in the preparatory materials of the Hungarian State Security in a period that lasted from the early1960s, when Hungarian foreign intelligence was reorganized after the Revolution and War of Independence of 1956, until the 1980s. While the main dogmas of communism were never questioned, this was a period of détente, which included a cautious diversion from the strict application of socialist ideology, as well as the appearance of a (seemingly) more independent Hungarian foreign policy. The changes also affected the economy, and throughout the period we can witness the increasing importance of the United States as an economic partner for Hungary. These developments were also reflected in the changes in the priorities of the intelligence services, which in turn influenced the preparation of the operations, as it is apparent from the training material. At the same time, the real purpose of these textbooks was definitely not to present a realistic picture of the American economy, but rather to provide ideological education, so they never strayed too far from the constraints of the communist ideology.

Jurjevanje Festival from Ritual to Festival

The article seeks to provide insight into the process of establishing Slovenia’s oldest folklore festival named Jurjevanje in the town of Črnomelj through a discursive approach. Focused on the Zeleni Jurij (Green George) ritual as the basis of the festival, the article captures the local discourse and explores the festival’s historical development and its connection to broader folklore festivalisation in Slovenia. Key events in the 1930s related to various folklore events and festivals at that time within the region and outside it played pivotal roles. After the Second World War, Črnomelj attempted to revive regional folklore by hosting folk dance group displays, resulting in the emergence in 1964 of the Jurjevanje festival, which blended socialist ideology with heritage preservation. Today, it embodies heritage, identity, and development goals, showcasing the marketability of regional traditions globally.