ABSTRACT Campus activism has enduring interest for scholars of social movements. Understanding the scope, issues, and potential disruptiveness of protest at colleges and universities has particular significance in the context of attacks on higher education. Examining 13,399 campus protests in the United States, we trace the extraordinary diversity of issues and demands put forward by students, faculty, staff, alumni, and other participants. Protests surged in the 2023–24 academic year as demonstrations related to Israel and Palestine spread to over 200 campuses. Campus protest was already on the rise with activism focused on racism, policing, labor issues, the environment, presidential politics, and other issues. While media accounts highlight disruption, we find that the vast majority of protests were not disruptive. Across eight years, protests occurred at nearly 49% of four-year public and private, not-for-profit colleges and universities. This activity was very modest for a vast number of campuses. Only a small subset of campuses had frequent and sustained activism with hundreds of protest events. These tended to be larger and more selective institutions. We conclude by highlighting the complexity of recent developments in college activism and its theoretical significance for future research on social movements and higher education.

ABSTRACT Young people’s deaths from drugs, violence, or suicide comprise a sensitive topic that is challenging to study. This paper presents observations and experiences when aiming to reach a comprehensive and profound knowledge of the life trajectories of deceased youths by conducting and analyzing interviews. While collecting qualitative data regarding social phenomena is always contextual and situated, this kind of extreme topic gives rise to many extra nuances that affect the data. The skewness of the study informants, the emotionally charged interview accounts, and the secondary nature of other people’s interpretations of the deceased’s life require a considered approach. Different perspectives on death can never be set along the same line, as the social dynamics and personal histories with the deceased are diverse. Acquiring homogeneous data is an impossible task. These are aspects that researchers should carefully reflect upon during the research process.

Between 2022 and 2025, South Asia experienced a series of rapid-onset protest movements that successfully toppled established governments within compressed timeframes. This article examines the protest waves in Sri Lanka (2022), Bangladesh (2024), and Nepal (2025) through the lens of Rauf Arif’s Flash Social Movement theory while critically extending this framework through comparative institutional analysis. These movements demonstrate both the continued relevance of Arab Spring dynamics in contemporary Asian contexts and reveal new patterns wherein digital mobilization intersects with traditional forms of collective action. The analysis reveals how accumulated grievances, digital connectivity, and generational political consciousness converge to create predictable yet powerful challenges to authoritarian governance, while institutional variables (particularly security force cohesion and elite fragmentation) mediate the effectiveness and timing of regime change. By engaging with connective action theory and networked movement scholarship, this article advances our understanding of how South Asian contexts adapt global protest repertoires to regional political cultures.

Like today, one hundred years ago air pollution was a matter of grave concern in the world's most polluted cities. In the wake of its famous 1908–9 social survey, the City of Pittsburgh commissioned an “Economic Survey of Pittsburgh” from J. T. Holdsworth, a prominent institutional economist at the University of Pittsburgh. Although wide ranging, the report opened by stating that “the first fundamental need in Pittsburgh is the eradication of smoke.” This report was followed by a series of Smoke Investigations, in which, astonishingly, jars were placed around the city and the ash weighed monthly. John J. O'Connor, a staff economist, estimated the economic costs from this smoke, arguably the first damage-cost study. We show how O'Connor's work, situated in social survey, urban planning, and conservation movements, is a product of the Progressive Era, but how at the same time it appears as a conspicuous example of how environmental economics could eventually evolve out of this intellectual context.

This article explores how ideologies and discourses of school safety and policing operate within the U.S. educational system and shape broader understandings of safety, punishment, and mass incarceration. Guided by corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), it examines three questions: how different educational community members define safety (and for whom), how policing is constructed as safe or unsafe, and how these narratives position certain students as threats. Analyzing school board meetings, online public comments, and conversations with students within the context of a 2020 local decision to remove School Resource Officers from Eugene, Oregon, public schools, the study identifies common and contested discursive strategies about policing and youth across social and historical contexts. A central finding is the role of adultism in sustaining links between schools and prisons, normalizing compliance, silence, and the disappearance of youth who challenge adult authority. These adultist discourses position students as belonging to adults and construct dissent as danger, enabling surveillance, policing, and incarceration to circulate as commonsense approaches to “community safety.” From these findings, the article introduces YouthCrit as an emergent conceptual framework grounded in youth analyses of adultism. In turn, YouthCrit offers a framework for scholars, educators, and practitioners to challenge deficit narratives about students while centering youth presence and perspectives in school-based research and within social movements for community safety.

Abstract This article proposes that gifts of everyday foodstuffs were a crucial way in which labouring communities attempted to provide care, and express and manage emotions, in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England. It suggests that such food-giving was most often facilitated by geographical distance, especially the proximity and interpersonal knowledge enabled by living within the same building or adjacent houses. In doing so, it highlights the importance of sharing and generosity among nearby friends, neighbours and co-lodgers (rather than blood relations) and the continued role of local networks of obligation and responsibility during this period, even in the face of urban, industrial and administrative change. Drawing upon 1,787 coroners’ inquests from the borough of Westminster, this study also emphasises the value of these records in writing social histories of food. Overall, it situates food-giving as a central part of emotional life during this period, and stresses that, especially for those with limited access to other resources, everyday foodstuffs were central to care.

ABSTRACT This article examines a First World War suitcase lid belonging to Lieutenant Reginald Alfred Charles Brie of the Royal Flying Corps, later RAF, inscribed with his name, those of twenty-two fellow prisoners, and nine place-names. Drawing on service records, a contemporaneous diary, and Red Cross archives, it reconstructs the shared experiences and social networks of British airmen captured in 1918. The suitcase lid is interpreted as both a mnemonic object and a collaborative act of commemoration, functioning simultaneously as keepsake and social document. Positioned at the intersection of object biography, material culture, and wartime memory, this study demonstrates how a single, inscribed artefact can illuminate resilience, identity, and community within captivity. In doing so, it offers a microhistorical model for exploring the emotional and social dimensions of prisoner-of-war life through material remains.

ABSTRACT This paper explores the creation and impact of the Power to Prevent coalition (‘P2P’), a collective of over 80 grassroots organisations from the legal assistance sector, sexual assault services and trade unions, and academic experts. This coalition has been a key advocate for reforms to prevent and address workplace sexual harassment, promoting solutions developed through its national, cross-sectoral collaboration and dialogue. The coalition's work has assisted civil society to make recommendations and calls for action that are peer-tested, deeply considered and therefore more unified. Through participatory observation, interviews with activists, and analysis of law reform consultations and inquiries, the author reflects on how P2P promoted legislative reforms that have improved access to justice and contributed to a social justice movement. An analysis of advocacy supporting the ‘Equal Access’ costs model, which protects applicants against adverse costs orders in federal discrimination law proceedings, demonstrates P2P's consensus-building work and influence on its members’ submissions. Through its collaborative advocacy, P2P played a change-making role, together with other key individuals and organisations, within a broader socio-political context of rapid change prompted by the #MeToo movement. Finally, this paper considers the challenges and benefits involved in collective advocacy.

Community-based learning facilitates localised application of theoretical concepts. Use of this approach in assessment is challenged by student perceptions of barriers to civic engagement. To support students on a nutrition course to undertake a community-based assessment on social food movements, we developed a student partnership, recruiting a student to undertake 13 ethnographic visits to scrutinise the task. This provided practical insights for the teaching team and the co-production of the Social Food Guide, a resource supporting students to navigate unfamiliar community spaces through paths paved by the student partner. The co-produced resource supported critical conscientisation of three cohorts taking the assessment. The student partnership was valuable in giving future cohorts the agency to navigate, access, and learn from community spaces, generating novel opportunities to explore careers in evolving practice arenas. Embracing student partnership to co-produce the assessment initiated a practice turn in our teaching team, in which we envisioned student co-production as a useful tool of inquiry for democratising the design of assessments.

This article examines Jadidism as a cultural, educational, and social reform movement of the Muslim intelligentsia in Turkestan in the early twentieth century. The study explores the historical prerequisites for the emergence of Jadidism, its ideological foundations, and its principal areas of activity, including educational reform, the development of the periodical press, and the formation of a new cultural environment. Particular attention is paid to the leading figures of the Jadid movement and their contribution to the modernization of Muslim society, as well as to the resistance they encountered from traditionalist religious circles and the colonial administration of the Russian Empire. The article highlights the role of Jadidism in shaping national consciousness among the peoples of Turkestan and assesses its significance for subsequent socio-political and cultural transformations in the region. It is argued that Jadidism constituted a crucial stage in the cultural modernization of Central Asia and laid the foundations for the emergence of a modern national intelligentsia in the twentieth century.

Traumatic brain injuries are associated with an increased risk of suicide; the risk of suicide after other head injuries, particularly in the general population, remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether people with head injuries are at higher risk of suicide compared with people without head injuries. A 20-year population-based matched cohort study was conducted using nationally representative electronic primary health care records linked to Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics data. Adults (≥18 years) with a head injury were matched 1:4 with individuals without a head injury by age, sex, and geographical location. Individuals without data linkage or with a history of self-harm or suicide attempt before the head injury were excluded. The primary outcome was risk of suicide attempt (including death by suicide). Secondary outcomes were risk factors of suicide attempt and risk of death by suicide. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate risk of suicide attempt by age group, sex, social deprivation level, ethnicity, and history of mental health conditions. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. The mean age of people with and without head injuries was 52.4 years (SD 22.7), and 51% were female. Of 389,523 people with head injuries, 5,107 suicide attempts were recorded (incidence rate 2.4 per 1,000 person-years) compared with 9,815 among 1,489,675 adults without head injuries (incidence rate 1.6 per 1,000 person-years), resulting in an adjusted HR of 1.21 (95% CI 1.17-1.25). Risk factors of suicide attempt were first 12 months after head injury, higher deprivation, and a history of a mental health condition. The adjusted HR for death by suicide was 0.74 (95% CI 0.66-0.84); this became nonsignificant after controlling for competing risk of death (sub-HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.03). Risk of suicide attempt was higher in all subgroups investigated, including those without any baseline mental health condition. These findings have implications for clinical practice and health policy. The development and testing of suicide risk assessment and prevention strategies for people with head injuries should be investigated, especially within the first 12 months after head injury and irrespective of mental health history.

Introduction: Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, the “great imitator,” has re-emerged as a public health concern. It presents with diverse manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic meningitis and psychiatric changes to meningovascular syphilis presenting as ischemic stroke. We aim to report a case of an elderly male with cerebral neurosyphilis mimicking an acute frontal lobe infarction, emphasizing the importance of considering syphilis in patients with atypical risk factors or clinical presentations. Case presentation: A 77-year-old male presented with subacute personality changes and executive dysfunction. Neuroimaging demonstrated nonspecific right frontal lobe changes without definitive evidence of acute ischemia. Serologic testing revealed a positive serum Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titer of 1:256, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis confirmed neurosyphilis. The patient was treated with intravenous benzylpenicillin with clinical and serologic improvement. Discussion: Cerebral neurosyphilis can mimic acute cerebral infarction, often leading to delayed diagnosis. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis and emphasizes the value of obtaining a thorough social and sexual history, even in elderly patients. Early recognition of this treatable condition can prevent irreversible neurological sequelae. Conclusion: Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for neurosyphilis in elderly patients presenting with new-onset neuropsychiatric or ischemic symptoms. Careful investigation, including serologic testing for sexually transmitted infections, is essential for timely diagnosis and management.

Abstract Persistent hunger amid abundance reflects systemic governance failure, not resource scarcity. Scholarship is fractured by a paradigmatic divide: managerialism prioritizes efficiency and market solutions, while food sovereignty movements demand democratic control and ecological integrity. To address this divide and unblock transformative action, this study proposes a Managerial Architecture of Food Justice, a framework integrating managerial tools with justice principles. Based on a systematic review literature, this study demonstrates that supply chain optimization, risk assessment, and stakeholder platforms become instruments of justice when guided by an expanded six-pillar food security model, adding agency (community self-determination) and sustainability to availability, access, utilization, and stability. The architecture offers three innovations: (1) repurposing management tools to redistribute value and democratize knowledge; (2) power-differentiated governance that privileges marginalized communities over neutral multi-stakeholder models; and (3) concrete mechanisms, strategic public procurement, short transparent supply chains, and reserved decision-making authority for social movements. For policymakers, this provides a diagnostic benchmark to evaluate programs against all six pillars. For practitioners, it translates justice into operational standards: best-value procurement, circular supply chains, and dual-track strategies that engage governance forums while maintaining autonomous organizing spaces. For researchers, it reveals gaps in longitudinal design and epistemic justice—how to institutionalize Indigenous knowledge equally with expert evidence. The evidence confirms this architecture is emerging globally, yet transformative potential remains constrained by policy inertia from corporate power and neoliberal ideology. Overcoming this requires political courage, investment in civil society capacity, and rigorous measurement of distributive outcomes. The tools exist; the question is whether societies have the will to restructure power, resources, and knowledge for a just, sustainable food future.

Social Movement Uses of Capitalist Infotainment

Child marriage is a serious problem in the social, cultural, and legal realms in Indonesia, even though there has been a revision of the minimum age limit for marriage through Law No. 16 of 2019. This practice is still ongoing and is often legitimized with religious postulates. The fatwa of the Indonesian Women's Ulema Congress (KUPI) No. 02/IV/2017 was present as a critical response to this condition, stating that child marriage is haram because it is contrary to the principles of sharia maqashid, especially the protection of soul, intellect, and offspring. This article analyzes the legal basis and method of Islamic law reform used in the fatwa, using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach and content analysis of fatwa documents and related literature. The results of the study show that this fatwa prioritizes a contextual approach, sharia maqashid, and collective ijtihad of women scholars, as well as integrating the values of gender justice and child protection as the main foothold. This fatwa not only contributes to the discourse on Islamic law reform, but also becomes an instrument of moral advocacy in fighting for children's rights and strengthening social movements to abolish the practice of child marriage.

The anti-Black racism and violence of 2020 galvanized Black athletes at the collegiate and professional ranks into action and activism. Their activism follows a rich tradition of Black athlete activism dating back to the early 19th century. However, stories of Black college athlete activism often center on Black men and professional athletes, excluding Black women college athletes from these histories. Given Black women athletes’ activism recently and throughout history, there is a need to understand the experiences and perspectives of Black women college athlete activists today. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences, reflections, and motivations of Black women athlete activists at predominantly white universities since the resurgence of the social justice movement in 2020. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for future research and practice.

Civil society has long been a catalyst for social change by reshaping structures, influencing values, and challenging power dynamics; however, its role in driving transformative change for biodiversity remains underexplored. To address this gap, we analyze 2,801 socio-environmental mobilizations documented in the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas). These mobilizations produce diverse outcomes that reveal distinct spatial, temporal, and sectoral patterns and proactively and reactively respond to environmental impacts across the globe. Notably, about 40% of these mobilizations occur within the top 30% of global priority lands for species conservation and their actions contribute to the achievement of key Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets focused on ecosystem protection, restoration, sustainable use, and inclusive spatial planning. Yet, one-third of mobilizations face repression, criminalization, or violence-pressures that are even more common in high-priority conservation areas. Moreover, mobilizations facing repressive outcomes contest environmental threats relevant for the KMGBF targets more extensively than those with progressive outcomes, underscoring the risks faced by movements driving biodiversity protection in critical regions. To amplify the transformative potential of socio-environmental mobilizations, we emphasize the importance of recognizing, strengthening, and protecting them through coordinated action among diverse social actors. By fostering collaboration and targeted resource allocation, these efforts can empower socio-environmental mobilizations to catalyze meaningful and lasting change for biodiversity conservation.

Abstract BACKGROUND Data on the impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and pelvic surgery on fertility are largely derived from retrospective studies. While advanced therapies (AT), including biologics and small molecules, are not thought to impact fertility, objective evidence is limited. In the prospective Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Motherhood (WIsDoM) study, we assessed the effect of AT exposure within three months of conception and history of IBD surgery on time to pregnancy (TTP, months) in women with IBD. METHODS Women aged 18–45 with IBD planning pregnancy within 15 months were enrolled in WIsDoM (2021–present). Baseline surveys collected medical, treatment, surgical, reproductive, social, and family history, supplemented by medical record review. Monthly questionnaires captured pregnancy status, reproductive and sexual health, IBD activity, and treatment. Active disease was defined by patient-reported IBD symptoms, active perianal disease, and/or interim treatment escalation, corticosteroid use, IBD-related surgery, or hospitalization. Primary outcomes were TTP in women exposed vs unexposed to AT within three months of conception and in those with prior IBD-related surgery. Secondary outcome was TTP in women with active disease within three months of conception. Descriptive statistics summarized the data using percentages and medians with interquartile ranges [IQR]. Associations were evaluated using univariate and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, parity, pelvic surgery, and disease activity within three months of conception. RESULTS Of 444 women enrolled, 115 became pregnant (56.5% CD, 43.5% UC/IBD-U), median age 32.61 years [30.42, 34.53], 86 (74.7%) with AT exposure (Table 1). AT exposure within three months of conception was not associated with longer TTP (median months TTP AT exposed= 2 [1, 4] vs unexposed= 2 [1,5], p = 0.295). Survival analyses showed no significant difference between groups (log rank p = 0.23, Figure 1); results were consistent across AT classes (log rank p = 0.45). Neither AT exposure (HR 1.93, 95% CI 0.76-1.88, p = 0.446) nor active disease within three months of conception (HR 1.5, 95% CI 0.98-2.3, p = 0.06) was independently associated with increased TTP, though active disease trended toward significance. History of any IBD surgery was linked to increased TTP (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29-0.74, p = 0.002), driven by pelvic surgical history (median months TTP pelvic surgery=6 [2, 13.75] vs no pelvic surgery=2 [1, 4], p = 0.03). In CD patients, history of non-pelvic IBD surgery was not associated with increased TTP (p = 0.20). CONCLUSION This is the first prospective study showing that preconception AT exposure does not affect TTP in women with IBD and reaffirms that pelvic IBD surgery impairs fertility. Continuation of AT before conception is safe and can improve fertility by maintaining remission.

ABSTRACT In 1995, George Robertson, then Shadow Secretary of State for Scotland, famously claimed that devolution would ‘kill nationalism stone dead.’ Almost 30 years later, the reverse seems to be true: devolution has been used as a platform not only by Scottish nationalists, but also by their Welsh counterparts, who have drawn inspiration from Scotland. This analysis focuses on interactions between Wales and Scotland since the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales in 1999. It first explores how Plaid Cymru (the Party of Wales) has looked to the Scottish National Party (SNP) to advocate for a more symmetrical devolution settlement than initially introduced in 1999. It then examines the social movements for independence that have emerged through the newly created institutional structures in Wales and Scotland, especially in the wake of the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. The study concludes that the devolved legislatures indirectly enabled the formation of independence movements that go beyond the electoral sphere, thereby inadvertently reinforcing the very sentiment which they were intended to quell.

The relationship between psychoanalytic theory, clinical practice, and political movements regarding homosexuality has undergone significant transformation over the past seven decades. This review examines the historical arc from Freud’s ambivalent early writings through mid-20th century pathologization, the pivotal 1973 depathologization in DSM-II, and contemporary affirmative psychoanalytic frameworks informed by minority stress models. Psychoanalysis has alternately served as a tool for institutional regulation and exclusion, and more recently, as a resource for developing gay-affirmative, politically conscious clinical practice. This article traces how theoretical constructions of sexuality became entangled with legal regimes, professional power, and social movements, and argues that contemporary psychoanalysis must maintain explicit political awareness to prevent the repetition of ideological harms in therapeutic contexts. The evidence base for LGBTQ-affirmative interventions and the integration of minority stress frameworks into psychodynamic formulations represent significant advances toward ethical, non-pathologizing mental health care for sexual minorities.